Developing rural economy around the center and increasing farmers' income
Building modern agriculture, developing rural economy and increasing farmers' income are the central tasks of new rural construction. Building a new countryside is not just about building new houses and repairing streets. Its most important and original content is to develop rural productive forces and increase farmers' income. Only when the comprehensive agricultural production capacity is improved and the rural economy is fully developed can we enhance our own vitality and provide a solid material foundation for the construction of new countryside.
We will continue to adjust and optimize the industrial structure and vigorously develop high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological and safe agriculture. Faced with the expansion of market scope, the intensification of competition, the promotion of demand level and the trend of diversification of demand, the agricultural supply structure must be strategically adjusted. It is necessary to meet the needs of the improvement of people's living standards for the diversification and quality of agricultural products, constantly optimize product structure, improve product quality, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, and form a production pattern of agricultural products with basically balanced total output, diverse varieties, safety and rich nutrition.
Change the mode of agricultural growth and promote the transformation of agriculture from extensive growth to intensive growth. Develop conservation-oriented agriculture, pay attention to saving land, water, fertilizer and energy, and change agricultural production mode and rural lifestyle. By increasing output, improving quality and saving costs, agricultural benefits can be improved.
Doing everything possible to increase farmers' income is the starting point and destination of building a new socialist countryside. To increase farmers' income, we should do two articles inside and outside. We should not only tap the potential of agriculture and rural areas, but also find a way out from the overall situation of economic and social development; We should not only proceed from the current situation, but also take measures to increase farmers' income quickly and effectively, find a long-term solution to the problem of increasing farmers' income, and establish a long-term mechanism for increasing farmers' income.
Grasping the key points-increasing the supply of public goods and improving rural public services
The key content of new rural construction should be to provide farmers with the most basic public products and services to meet the needs of farmers' survival and development. This is the basic condition for developing rural economy, improving farmers' living conditions, improving farmers' quality of life and building a harmonious society. When we talk about narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas, we don't simply narrow the gap between urban and rural economic development levels and economic aggregates, but gradually enable urban and rural residents to enjoy fair employment and development opportunities, roughly equivalent public services and roughly equivalent living standards. For a long time, the widening gap between urban and rural areas is mainly reflected in the unfair supply of public goods and services. It is the responsibility of the government to solve this contradiction, and it is necessary to adjust policies and rebuild the system.
Adjust policies, change investment direction, and shift infrastructure investment from cities to rural areas. The shortage of rural public goods worsens the rural development environment, increases the production cost of agricultural products, weakens the market competitiveness of agricultural products and reduces the income level of rural areas. Increasing investment in rural infrastructure is the policy of "four changes to two" and "killing three birds with one stone". Rural infrastructure construction should take the road of "the government takes money and farmers go out to work". It is necessary to substantially increase financial investment in rural infrastructure construction.
Reconstruct the system so that farmers can enjoy the same supply of basic public goods as urban residents. Farmers in the new socialist countryside should be farmers who enjoy national treatment fairly. The public goods provided by the government should be provided by the government, regardless of urban and rural areas, because farmers have the national right to share the national financial resources equally. Increasing the proportion of fiscal expenditure on agriculture and rural areas is the requirement of national development strategy. This is determined by the weakness, public welfare, ecology, foundation and strategy of agriculture. The development of agriculture and rural areas has benefited the whole society and all the people, and cannot be considered as a gift and special care for farmers. In a sense, increasing investment in rural areas means paying off debts and making compensation.
Clear Path-Urban and Rural Planning, Interaction between Workers and Peasants
Starting from the reality of the new stage, the path choice of building a new socialist countryside should take the road of government-led, urban-rural overall planning, industry-supplemented agriculture, urban-rural interaction.
How does the government guide? We should use both "visible hands" and "invisible hands" to guide. One is to use administrative control means, and the other is to play the role of market mechanism. Use these two hands to promote the rational allocation of urban and rural resources.
It is necessary to establish a new concept of urban and rural planning, put rural development in the overall pattern of the national economy and even the world economy, put rural progress in the process of building a harmonious socialist society, put farmers' income increase in the distribution and redistribution of national income, and coordinate policy design and institutional arrangements. Adhere to the principle of "giving more, taking less and letting loose", give priority to solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers when formulating national economic and social development plans, determining the pattern of national income distribution and formulating major economic policies, and make overall plans for urban and rural economic and social development, urban and rural resource allocation, urban and rural infrastructure and industrial layout, urban and rural employment and social security, and urban and rural investment. Through efforts, we will gradually form an operational mechanism conducive to the rational flow of urban and rural factors, create equal opportunities and a fair environment conducive to urban and rural development, and form a promotion mechanism conducive to coordinated urban and rural development. Realize the optimal allocation of urban and rural factors, resource sharing and complementary advantages, and fundamentally give agriculture and industry the same development conditions, rural and urban development opportunities, and farmers and citizens the same national treatment.
Supplementing agriculture with industry means relying on the national income provided by industry to support agriculture, feed back agriculture and realize the coordinated development of industry and agriculture. On the whole, China has entered the development stage of "promoting agriculture with industry and bringing rural areas with cities". Judging from the changes in industrial structure, national economic strength and public finance, the material conditions for industry to feed back agriculture have been met. It is necessary to conform to this trend, take industry as an important basis for formulating policies, adjust the pattern of national income distribution, increase the input of central and provincial finances in rural areas and transfer payments to grassroots units, and mainly use the new financial resources to support the development of agriculture and rural social undertakings. It is necessary to gradually establish a long-term mechanism for industry to feed back agriculture and cities to support rural areas, including a mechanism for direct financial subsidies to farmers, a mechanism for steady growth of investment in agriculture and rural areas, and a mechanism for safeguarding farmers' legitimate rights and interests. Expand the coverage of public finance in rural areas. Establish an integrated development mechanism of urban and rural areas to promote the coordinated and harmonious development of urban and rural areas.
The interaction between urban and rural areas is to give full play to the role of urban radiation and expand the space for agricultural and rural development. Promote the extension of urban infrastructure to rural areas, urban public services to rural areas, and urban modern civilization to rural areas, so that farmers can share the benefits brought by industrialization, urbanization and modernization.
Highlight the main body-relying on farmers and extensive social participation.
Farmers are the main body of building a new socialist countryside. New countryside should be built by new farmers. To build a new countryside, the most fundamental thing is to put people first, give play to, mobilize and protect the enthusiasm of the peasants, and create a beautiful home with their own hands with the support of the party and the government. The fundamental strength of revitalizing agriculture, countryside and farmers lies in the countryside. To give full play to the main role of farmers, we must grasp three links: returning power to the people, teaching the people and public participation.
Returning power to the people and democratic management are the important contents of building a new socialist countryside. Farmers' enthusiasm comes from the protection of material interests and respect for democratic rights. As the main body of new rural construction, farmers should fully enjoy the rights endowed by law, just like urban residents. To build a new countryside and mobilize farmers' enthusiasm and creativity, we must first return power to the people, let farmers share the fruits of reform and development like urban residents, and fully enjoy equal rights to education, health, employment and development. It is necessary to improve the democratic consciousness and legal consciousness of cadres and farmers, and establish a social organization system and management mechanism that stresses civilization, values rights and interests and abides by the law in rural areas. It is necessary to improve the system of villagers' self-government, expand grassroots democracy, and implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision.
Teaching people should, in accordance with the requirements of "cultivating new farmers with culture, technology and management", vigorously develop rural education, cultivate people's wisdom, improve the rural vocational skills training system, and train farmers' practical agricultural technology relying on industrial development; Provide vocational skills training for farmers facing the labor market, and strive to improve farmers' scientific and cultural quality and employment and entrepreneurial ability. Strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, advocate a healthy, civilized and scientific lifestyle, and create a good environment for farmers to live and work in peace and contentment, rich and colorful material and cultural life, and harmonious neighbors.
To expand public participation, all walks of life should cooperate with each other, provide good services, form a joint force, give play to their respective advantages, and contribute funds, technology and wisdom to building a new countryside. It is necessary to organize organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to participate in the construction of new countryside, support one county, one township and one village respectively, implement the "urban-rural belt" and jointly build a new countryside. Entrepreneurs, individual businessmen and celebrities can help a village or several villages and make contributions to building a new countryside. It is necessary to expand public participation. Ensure that farmers have the right to know, participate and supervise the planning, implementation steps and fund use of new rural construction. (Author: Policy Research Office of Shandong Provincial Party Committee)