Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao are famous teachers and students in the modern history of China.
During the Reform Movement of 1898, Liang Qichao was deeply influenced by Kang Youwei and became the most important helper for Kang Youwei to promote the Reform Movement of 1898.
After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Liang Qichao went abroad in tears and crossed to Fusang. In the first two or three years of the 20th century, he dabbled in western thoughts and theories frequently, with a broad vision and a rapid renewal of ideas. He sang the song of freedom: human evolution should not be based on freedom of thought, freedom of speech and freedom of publication. These three freedoms are reserved for me, and my book is named after me.
However, when Liang Qichao praised freedom and Rousseau, Kang Youwei regarded freedom as a scourge and hated it. He strongly opposed Liang Qichao's view that freedom led to the French Revolution, which brought bloody disasters. Liang Qichao believes that the word "freedom" is not native to France. Meyer in Britain and Kant in Germany are both modern scholars, and they are admired all over the world. Their freedom of speech can really be described as profound and clear. However, the master's comparison between Yang Di and Wuhou seems to be abusive.
Ideological differences will inevitably lead to political differences. Liang Qichao had close contacts with Sun Yat-sen around 190 1, and his political thoughts gradually turned to revolution. Under the influence of Sun Yat-sen, Liang Qichao's thoughts became more and more radical, and his centrifugal tendency towards Kang Youwei became more and more obvious. /kloc-in the summer and autumn of 0/898, he joined forces with Han Wenju, Tang and other so-called Kangmen Thirteen Pacific Insurance, and jointly wrote a letter to Kang Youwei, urging him to quit politics and advocate republicanism. The letter said: Because of the corruption of state affairs, it is impossible to save the crisis by reforming the Republic. Today, people all over the country know that if the people love it, they can be promoted to the presidency on the day when the revolution is successful. I am a senior teacher in Chunqiu. I can put my shadow on the fairy and entertain myself at night. To repay the teacher, we should learn from the past and forge ahead into the future. Although the rhetoric is euphemistic, the reality is that Kang Youwei is going to retire, which is certainly unacceptable to Kang Youwei, and the gap with Kang Liang has deepened.
1902, their contradiction about respecting Confucius and protecting education became public. At the beginning of this year, Liang Qichao published the theory of respecting Confucius in Xinmin Cong Bao, pointing the criticism at Kang Youwei: I hate dancing, belittle Confucianism, use the name of a scholar attached to Western learning as a conservative, incite the servility of the ideological circle, and benefit others. This sharp criticism made Kang Youwei very angry. He insists that all countries should protect their education, and a strong education will make their country strong. Liang Qichao did not show weakness. He argued and argued: from the disciple's point of view, it is just the opposite. Protecting and strengthening education means that state-owned enterprises are unique, but strengthening education is not in the national interest. Following in the footsteps of Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, he began to fight the devils. His words were sharp and unreasonable. Kang's differences greatly increased Liang Qichao's brilliance, but Kang Youwei was eclipsed.
Associated with opposing the protection of religion and respecting Confucius, Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei also had differences in academic thoughts since then. He once praised the new examination and Confucius' reform, and began to refute and attack this academic method. Liang Qichao discussed this issue in "An Introduction to Learning in Qing Dynasty". He said: Since 1930s, Qi Chao has stopped talking about apocrypha and reorganization. But his teacher Kang Youwei advocated the establishment of Confucianism, the establishment of a state religion, and the worship of heaven with Confucius. There are many echoes in China, but the enlightenment is not true and has been refuted repeatedly. About; In all parts of; about
Liang Qichao's thoughts of revolution, anti-Manchu, democracy and republicanism were resolutely opposed and persuaded by teachers and friends such as Kang Youwei and Huang Zunxian. Kang Youwei received a letter from Liang Qichao, which advocated revolution and opposed the idea of respecting Confucius and protecting education. He had a headache and denounced Liang Qichao for being extremely hateful and fickle. The debate between Kang and Liang became fierce and open. 1in the spring of 902, Kang Youwei prepared to break with Liang Qichao. He wrote many letters accusing him, and also wrote two long letters, repeating the old tune that China can only engage in the constitution but not the revolution. One is a book written with Liang Qichao, a classmate, about India's national subjugation due to the independence of various provinces, and the other is a revolutionary book about Chinese businessmen in North and South America saying that China can only make a constitution but not a constitution. The former is called remonstrating Liang Qichao and Ou, but it is actually teaching all those who are unwilling to protect the emperor and tend to revolution with a straight face. The latter quoted the classics and defended the constitutional monarchy in a thousand words, listing the reasons why China could not engage in revolution.
Kang Youwei, who was so loyal and loving to the feudal emperor, was very angry with Liang Qichao. His disciples advocated the National Revolution and the Five Great Revolutions in the Tang Dynasty, and even hated them. In his letter to his disciples, he said: I had a splitting headache after receiving Liang Qichao's letter about revolution, and now I have received your letter about revolution. The headache is getting worse. You tried to kill me. I can. I don't want to break up with you, but it doesn't matter. It's unreasonable. You really want to kill me. I listened to you and betrayed the emperor. I am a treacherous person. You all say that the revolution is a betrayal of me, you treacherous little people!
Once, Liang Qichao visited Kang Youwei in Hong Kong. When they talked about constitutional issues, they were lovers, and Kang Youwei was furious. He said that Liang Qichao led more than a dozen people to advocate revolution, that is, he forgot Emperor Guangxu. He saved his life, but he was ungrateful. He said: Remember, during the Hundred Days Reform, the Conservative Party tried to kill our heads, and Hunan Juren wrote a letter to impeach us against Manchuria. This is rude disobedience and should be sentenced to death. But for the full support of Emperor Guangxu, we would have died long ago. What will happen to us today? You always praise the emperor, but now you want to kill him! You forget that your life was given to you by Emperor Guangxu! Kang Youwei is getting more and more excited. He picked up a newspaper clipping and threw it at Liang Qichao.
However, although the political differences between Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao are growing, the friendship between master and apprentice is still very deep. 19 1 1 In June, Liang Qichao urged Kang Youwei, who was in exile in Singapore, to move to Japan. Kang Youwei went to Kobe via Hong Kong and met Liang Qichao. At this time, the master and apprentice have been in exile for 13 years, and it has been 8 years since 1909 when they met in Penang, Hong Kong. The reunion after 8 years made them sad and happy, and they were filled with emotion. Liang Qichao warmly welcomed his teacher, and Kang Youwei wrote poems to express his joy with his disciples.
After the Revolution of 1911, the gap between Kang and Liang widened, Liang Qichao became a political star, but Kang Youwei was left out in the cold. Liang Qichao was promoted from a political exile to the leader of the Progressive Party, and then to the Chief Justice. Later, he became the hero of rebuilding the Republic in the war to defend the country and the crusade and restoration war, and became the cabinet of Duan's chief financial officer. Compared with Liang Qichao, Kang Youwei is inferior. He tried his best, but he never found a job.
The political and ideological break will not refer to Liang Qichao's feelings for Naishi. Liang Qichao always abides by China's tradition of respecting teachers and valuing morality in interpersonal relations, and always presents his disciples to Kang Youwei. After zhang xun restoration, Kang Liang was like fire and water. First of all, the painter Liu Haisu broke the deadlock, and he had some contacts with them. 1922, Liang Qichao went to Shanghai to give lectures, and Kang Youwei was also in Shanghai. Liu Haisu felt that the farce of teacher-student relationship should not be harmed for the sake of Zhang Xun's revival, so he wanted to borrow Liang Qichao to let us go to Shanghai and make up with them. Liu Haisu decided to invite them to dinner at the same table, but he was afraid that Kang, the old teacher, would get angry, so he was sent an invitation. Although Conra
1927 On March 8th, Kang Youwei's 70th birthday, Liang Qichao invited ten thousand mu of students from the thatched cottage to Shanghai for his birthday. He wrote birthday couplets on eight birthday screens, describing the fun of studying and traveling in Wanmu Caotang, full of love and literature. After Kang Youwei's death, Liang Qichao immediately joined Kangmen, and his disciples set up a spiritual sacrifice in the fairy hall of Jifu Temple in Beijing. At the public sacrifice ceremony, he read a eulogy in memory of Mr. Kang Nanhai, with sincere feelings and tears in his eyes, and spoke highly of Kang Youwei's historical role and achievements.
It can be seen that concepts can be different, but teachers should be like teachers and students should be like students.