1, scientific principle. Teaching should be scientific and accurate, and scientific principle is a basic teaching principle to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of teaching. Although this principle is the first principle that all teaching activities must abide by, the scientific principle of teaching mentally retarded children is particularly important.
2. Functional principle. Functional principle is a special teaching principle based on the physical and mental obstacles of mentally retarded children, the amount of educational restrictions and the basic needs of participating in social life. Functional principle refers to teaching the most important knowledge and skills necessary to adapt to environmental life to children with mental retardation and helping them to apply them in a specific environment, so as to form functional knowledge and skills needed to participate in social life according to the environment.
3. The principle of compensation. Children with mental retardation affect their study because of physical and mental obstacles. The principle of compensation is a special teaching principle based on the need of defect compensation for children with mental retardation. The principle of compensation refers to that teachers provide professional education and training with special teaching contents in view of the cognitive, language, memory, behavior and emotional defects of mentally retarded children in the teaching process.
4. The principle of intuition. Intuition principle is put forward in view of the low abstract thinking ability of mentally retarded children. The principle of intuition means that teachers help students to deepen their feelings and understanding of teaching content with the help of intuitive teaching AIDS, so that students can better master knowledge and skills.
5, the principle of small steps and quick running. The principle of small steps is put forward according to the learning disabilities of mentally retarded children, such as difficulty in concentration, poor understanding and poor memory. The principle of small steps and quick running means that teachers should provide appropriate teaching quantity according to the cognitive characteristics and learning ability of mentally retarded children in teaching.