Social security includes pension, medical care, unemployment, disability and maternity insurance, as well as children's allowance, survivors' allowance, single-parent family allowance, housing allowance and education and training allowance; In addition to cash allowance, medical care services are also provided. Sweden's social security system has relieved most citizens of worries such as birth, old age, illness, death, disability and unemployment. In Sweden, in order to pay the high social security costs, the government not only allocates funds from state taxes, but also collects social security taxes from employers and employees. Generally, employers pay social security tax at 3 1.26% of employees' wage income, while employees only need to pay 1% of unemployment insurance, 2.95% of medical insurance tax and 1% of annual gold tax. Self-employed individuals should pay 17.69-29.55% social security tax according to their income. At present, the social security in Sweden adopts the fund model of pay-as-you-go, but the special social insurance tax can no longer meet the payment, and it must be supplemented by the government from other aspects such as national taxes. In 200 1 year, the total expenditure on social welfare, social insurance and social services in Sweden was equivalent to 36% of GDP, of which the total expenditure on social security (excluding unemployment insurance) was about 36 10 billion kronor, equivalent to 16% of GDP. The details of social security expenditure are as follows: pension expenditure is 654.38+07.4 billion kroner, accounting for 48%; Medical insurance11400 million kronor, accounting for 32%; Expenditure on family and child welfare is 54 billion kroner, accounting for 65,438+05%; Other insurance expenditure was 9.4 billion kronor, accounting for 2.6%; The management fee expenditure is 8.5 billion kronor, accounting for 2.4%. Sweden's social security management system is relatively unified. Social security involves many departments, such as Congress, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Ministry of Labor and so on, from legislation to payment of various benefits. Parliament plays a very important role in Swedish social security legislation. Congress has a special social insurance legislative committee, and every bill of social security is discussed by the social insurance legislative committee, and then discussed and voted by Congress. The members of the Committee are composed of people from all sides and experts. Because the ruling party holds a majority of seats in committees and parliaments. Therefore, generally speaking, bills that have been passed by the Committee and reached consensus will be passed by the parliament. Sweden's social insurance management agencies include the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Labor. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is the competent department of social insurance, and its responsibilities include formulating policies such as endowment insurance, medical insurance, child allowance and family and survivor allowance. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for unemployment insurance policy, employment policy and retraining. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs implements the management system of "small ministries and large institutions". There are 15 bureaus, one of which is the national social insurance bureau, which is the social insurance agency. It has 2 1 local branches, 230 grass-roots offices and14,500 employees. These local social insurance agencies are responsible for the specific examination and issuance of payment, registration and treatment other than unemployment insurance. The medical insurance system in Sweden started from 1955, and it has been improved day by day after years of development. 1982, Sweden passed health legislation, stipulating that all its citizens are eligible to receive the "medical expenses subsidy" paid by the regional social insurance bureau when they get sick (or give birth). /kloc-Minors under the age of 0/6 participate in medical insurance with their parents. Medical undertakings in Sweden are mainly organized by local governments, and private practitioners only account for 5% of the total number of doctors in the country. Citizens need to go to the corresponding medical institutions for medical treatment when they are sick. As long as the income-earning members pay 2.8% of the medical insurance tax, the whole family can enjoy the following public medical care: (1) medical care expenses, including doctors' treatment expenses, hospitalization expenses, medicine expenses, and travel expenses to and from the hospital. These expenses are paid by the insured first, and then reimbursed by the medical insurance institution according to the prescribed standards. (2) sickness allowance. If the insured loses income during illness, he can enjoy sickness allowance from the fourth day after illness. Generally speaking, there is no time limit for sickness allowance, but after three months, it is necessary to check whether you can change to other jobs. If you are sure that you can change jobs, you will receive vocational training for re-employment; If it is determined that you can no longer work and lose your ability to work, the sickness allowance will be replaced by a disability annuity. (3) Maternity allowance. In addition to general medical care, pregnant women can also receive maternity allowance. According to legislation 1974, maternity allowance is called parental allowance. According to the regulations of 1982- 1983, the parents' allowance is paid 37 kronor per day within 180 days. If parents are employed, they can get a cash subsidy equivalent to 90% of their daily labor income during this period. Participants in the Swedish medical insurance system are mainly employed people or registered unemployed people whose annual income reaches a certain standard or above (the income standard stipulated in 1995 is 6000 kronor). Swedes who have worked abroad for less than 1 year can also participate in the medical insurance system. Foreigners who are employed by foreign employers in Sweden can also participate in the medical insurance system if they intend to work in Sweden for more than 1 year. The Swedish medical insurance fund comes from the expenses shared by employers, employees and the government. 1995, the standard for employees to pay medical insurance premiums is 2.95% of their wages, and the standard for self-employed individuals is 9.12% of their personal income; The standard for the employer to bear the expenses is 6.23% of the total wages of employees; The government will bear 15% of the total cost of medical insurance.

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