1, Confucius is traveling. When he passed a village, he saw an old man, a very old man. He drew water from the well to irrigate the land. This is a very hard job, and the sun is so big. Confucius thought that this man might not have heard that there is a mechanical device to draw water-you can draw water for others with cows or horses, which is easier-so Confucius went over to the old man and said, "Have you heard that there are machines now? It is very easy to draw water from the well with them. If you work for twelve hours, they can be finished in half an hour. You can let Malays do it. Why do you bother? You are an old man. " He must be ninety years old. The man said, "It's always good to work by hand, because every time you use a cunning machine, a cunning mind will appear." In fact, only a cunning mind can use a cunning machine. You didn't mean to destroy me! I am an old man, let me die as simple as when I was born. Manual labor is good. A person will remain humble. Confucius went back to his disciples. The disciples asked, "What did you say to the old man? "Confucius said," He seems to be a disciple of Lao Tzu. He hit me hard, and his argument seems to be correct. "

It is said that Confucius traveled eastward and felt hungry when he went to a place. He said to his disciple Yan Hui, "Go to a restaurant in front and ask for some food!" Yan went back to the restaurant to explain her purpose. The owner of that restaurant said, "begging is ok, but I have a request." Yan Hui quickly said, "What requirements?" The host replied: "I write a word. If you know, I'll treat you to dinner. If you don't know, I'll hit you with a stick. " Yan Hui said with a smile, "Master, although I have no talent, I have followed Master for many years. Without saying a word, it is an article. What are the difficulties? " The host also smiled: "Don't boast first, wait until you recognize it." Then I picked up a pen and wrote a word "true". Yan Hui said with a smile, "Master, you bully me too much. Yan Hui is incompetent. I think this is an illegible word. I have known it since Yan Hui was five years old! " The host smiled and asked, "What is this word?" Yan Hui said: "This is a serious word' true'. The shopkeeper sneered, "Hum, ignorant people think they are pretending to be Confucius' protege and hitting people with sticks. Yan Hui came back to see the teacher and told him about it. Kong Old Master Q smiled: "It seems that he is going to find a teacher. "Then come to the store to explain your purpose. The shopkeeper also wrote the word "true". Kong Old Master Q replied, "This word is pronounced straight eight." The shopkeeper smiled and said, "If the master comes, please! "So finished eating and drinking, can't leave a penny. Yan Hui didn't understand and asked, "Teacher, didn't you teach us how to pronounce the word' true'? When did it become a straight eight? Kong Old Master Q smiled: "Sometimes some things are not true." At that time, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a rule in the State of Lu that anyone who traveled abroad and saw a person from the State of Lu being sold as a slave in a foreign country could spend money to redeem it, and after returning to the State of Lu, he would be reimbursed by the State Treasury, which would pay for it accordingly. Confucius had a student who really saw a Lu being sold abroad as a slave and redeemed him. After the redemption, he didn't go to the national treasury for reimbursement, and others said that this person was noble in character. When Confucius knew this, he cursed the students and said that they had done something wrong. Others were surprised. Isn't it a good thing to do a good deed and the redeemer doesn't pay the bill? Is it noble? Confucius said, we can't look at the problem like this. His practice actually prevented more slaves from being redeemed from the people of Lu. The man didn't pay the bill when he came back. In the future, when others see the Nulu, they want to redeem him, thinking that I will pay the bill after I redeem him. Others will retort: In the past, some people didn't pay the bill, but you paid the bill, and their character was not as good as him. In this way, this person may pretend not to see it and not to redeem the person. So this practice will prevent more slaves from being redeemed by others, which is harmful. There is another story: a man fell into the water. One of Confucius' students jumped into the water and saved him. His family thanked him and gave him a cow, so he took it. Others argue: Do you need money to go into the water to save people? Confucius knew this and praised the student, saying that the student did the right thing and would save more people from drowning. Because people can accept money after saving people, if someone falls into the water again, someone will be willing to save them. So it depends on the objective effect. Xia Zi is a student of Confucius. One year, Xia Zi was sent to Juxian as a local official. Before he left, he went to visit his teacher and asked Confucius, "Excuse me, how can we manage a place well?" Confucius cheerfully said to Xia Zi, "Governing a place is a very complicated matter. However, as long as you grasp the root cause, it will be very simple. " After explaining some things that should be paid attention to to to Xia Zi, Confucius repeatedly told him: "Haste makes waste. Haste makes waste. "When you see a small profit, you can't be a big deal. "The meaning of this passage is: don't simply pursue speed, don't covet small profits. Pursue speed without paying attention to the effect, and can't achieve the goal; If you only care about short-term interests and don't talk about long-term interests, you can't do great things. Xia Zi said that he must obey the teacher's instructions and bid farewell to Confucius. Later, "haste makes waste" came down as a proverb, which is often used to explain that being too eager for quick success is counterproductive and fails to achieve the goal.

3. Two children argue.