Holding a gun is the action and method of soldiers holding a gun in battle (holding a gun here refers to holding a gun in battle). When holding a gun, it should be easy to exercise, lie down, observe and shoot. Under different terrain conditions, soldiers can flexibly take different gun actions according to the enemy's situation and tasks.

(1) Holding a gun with one hand

Action essentials: the right arm is slightly bent, and the right hand is facing up to protect the wood and hold the gun (the strap is pressed under the thumb). The gun body is fixed with five-finger grip, the axis of the gun body is slightly 45 degrees from the ground, and the gun body is about 10 cm away from the body. The left arm naturally droops and swings during exercise (Figure 8- 1). When holding type 95 automatic rifle, squad light machine gun and four O rocket launchers, hold the handle with your right hand and put your right arm lightly on your body, and move naturally with your body when exercising.

(2) Holding a gun with one hand

Action essentials: Hold the grip with your right hand, slightly touch the trigger with your forefinger, place the gun on the right side of your body, with the muzzle facing upward, the end of the shell cover attached to the shoulder socket, the gun body slightly tilted, the gun facing backward, the right arm retracted, the butt of the gun attached to the right side (except when the butt of the gun is folded), and the shoulder strap naturally drooped. Looking forward, the left hand naturally droops or climbs, and swings naturally during exercise (Figure 8-2).

(3) Holding a gun with both hands

Action essentials: Hold the bent part of the wood guard or magazine with the left hand, hold the grip with the right hand, slightly touch the trigger with the index finger, put the gun body on the chest, the muzzle is forward, the gun body is slightly horizontal, and the strap naturally hangs down or hangs on the back neck.

(4) Holding a gun in both hands

Action essentials: On the basis of holding the gun with one hand, the left hand holds the bent part of the wood guard or magazine, the gun body is slightly lower, the muzzle is forward and upward, the strap naturally hangs down or is pressed under the left hand, and the body is slightly 30 degrees from the shooting direction.

Second, lie down and stand up.

(1) Lie down

On the battlefield, if soldiers are suddenly attacked (shot) by enemy fire, they should lie down quickly to prevent fire damage. Lying down is divided into three basic movements: lying down with guns in both hands, lying down with guns in one hand and lying down with bare hands.

1. Action essentials of lying down with guns in both hands

When lying down, move your left foot forward and your upper body forward.

Move the center of gravity forward and land in the order of left knee, left elbow and left forearm. Then turn around and put your hands together to send the gun to the target direction (Figure 8-3). When the ground is soft, you can also lie down in the order of knees, elbows and abdomen.

2. The essentials of lying down with a gun in one hand

When lying down, take a big step forward with your left foot (or right foot) and lean forward at the same time, and lie down in the order of hands, knees and elbows. At the same time, the right hand sends the gun to the target direction, the left hand holds the protective device or the bent part of the magazine, and the whole body shoots with the gun. The action when holding the tube is basically the same as this.

3. The essentials of lying down with bare hands

The action of lying down with bare hands is basically the same as that of lying down with a gun in one hand, except that after lying down, the palms of both hands are placed down on both sides of the head or crossed on the chest.

Keep your legs straight and separate naturally.

(2) Stand up

1. Stand up with guns in your hands.

You should first observe the situation ahead, then quickly tuck in your abdomen, lift your hips, support your body with elbows and knees, put your left foot first, follow up with your right foot, and move on with guns in both hands.

Stand up with a gun in one hand

Move your right hand and hold the wooden hand guard to collect the gun. At the same time, bend your left forearm backwards and lean sideways. Then use the cooperation of your arms and legs to support your body. Take a big step forward with your right foot, and continue to carry the gun forward with your left foot.

Stand up unarmed

Press the action of holding a gun with one hand. You can also support your body with your hands, and at the same time, take a step forward with your left (right) foot, stand up and go forward.

Third, move forward.

(1) Bend forward.

Bowing forward is the most commonly used action to meet the enemy on the battlefield, which can be divided into two postures: slow forward and fast forward.

1. Slow flexion and extension

When the enemy is far away, there are bunkers over the height of people or most people, the enemy's situation is unknown or the enemy's fire threat is not great, it is usually slow (Figure 8-4). When exercising, you usually hold a gun with both hands (or one hand), with your upper body leaning forward and your legs bent. The degree of flexion and extension depends on the degree of occlusion, and your head should not be higher than the occlusion. Pay attention to observe the enemy's situation when moving forward and keep moving at a normal speed.

Flexible and fast forward.

Buckling fast forward, also known as leap forward, is usually used when approaching the enemy and passing through open areas or enemy fire control areas (Figure 8-5). Before fast forward, observe the enemy's situation and terrain, choose a good route and stop position, and then stand up and move forward quickly. In sports, you usually hold a gun with one hand (you can also hold a gun with both hands), with the muzzle pointing forward and upward, and pay attention to continue to observe the enemy's situation. The advancing distance should be controlled at 15 ~ 30m. When entering a suspended position or encountering a fire threat during exercise, you should quickly hide or lie down on the spot and do a good job of protection.

Prepare to shoot or move on.

(2) Crawl forward

When the enemy's fire threat is great and he is lying down, if there is terrain or available bunker nearby (within 10 meter), you can approach him by crawling forward. According to the terrain and the level of shelter, crawling can be divided into three postures: low posture crawling, sideways crawling and high posture crawling.

1. Crawl in a low position

Lying prone is a kind of exercise in which the body lies flat on the ground and is reduced to the lowest level. Generally used when the height of the front shelter is about 40 cm. There are two ways to carry an automatic rifle in a low posture: one is that the palm of the right hand is facing up, the tiger's mouth is attached to the handle, the gun body and strap are held by five fingers, and the gun is placed on the inside of the right forearm; The other is that the index finger of the right hand grips the ring of the gun belt and grips the barrel, while the other fingers grip the belt, with the handle up, and the gun is placed outside the right forearm. When marching, the front of the body is close to the ground, the head is slightly lifted, the right leg is bent back, and the left hand is extended. The body is moved forward by the pedaling force of the right foot and the scraping force of the left hand, then the left leg is bent back and the right hand is extended, and the body is moved forward by the pedaling force of the left leg and the scraping force of the right hand in turn (Figure 8-6).

Crawl sideways

Crawling sideways is an exercise method when the height of the bunker in front is about 60 cm, which is characterized by a slightly faster moving speed but a higher posture.

When carrying an automatic rifle, the right hand stretches forward to hold the hand guard wood to retract the gun, and at the same time leans sideways, so that the outer side of the left thigh of the body touches the ground, the left forearm extends forward, the left arm supports the body, the left leg bends, and the right foot retracts to touch the ground close to the hip, and the body is driven forward by the scraping force of the left arm and the pedaling force of the right foot (Figure 8-7). If the height of the bunker in front is about 80 ~ 100 cm, you can also crawl sideways at high places. The action is: the left hand and the left calf land on the outside, and the body moves forward with the support of the left hand and the pedaling force of the right foot (Figure 8-8).

Crawl on high places

When the height of the bunker in front is about 80 cm, high crawling is generally adopted. The forward movement of the gun is that the left hand holds the guard wood, the right hand holds the gun neck, the gun is supported across the chest, the muzzle is off the ground, the body is supported by two elbows and knees, and then the left elbow and right knee move forward in turn and alternately. Sometimes, you can also take the method of crawling with a gun at a low position.

(3) Rolling in

Rolling in is a way to move left and right or through the ridge line in order to avoid enemy observation and shooting when lying down. Action essentials: When rolling in on the basis of lying down, turn off the safety of the gun, hold the gun above the gauge with your left hand, hold the gun near the gun neck with your right hand or hold the protective wood with both hands, put the gun on the right side, hold it in front of your chest and abdomen, keep your arms as close as possible, cross or close your wrists, and roll in the moving direction with all your strength (Figure 8-9).

When the straight (curved) body needs to be rolled in, the left (right) foot should take a big step forward, the left hand should fall on the outer (inner) side of the left (right) foot, and the body should collapse as much as possible. The right hand should hold the gun on the forearm, the gun should face to the right, the body should turn to the right (left), and the right (left) arm and shoulder should roll to the right (left) at the same time. When rolling in, the right (left) leg is straight, the left (right) leg is slightly curved, and the leg can be pinched when rolling in for a long distance. When rolling to a suitable position, if you need to shoot, you should shoot the gun quickly and shoot in a prone position.

Fourth, make use of topographical features

(a) the use of topography, landforms

The purpose of using topography and ground objects is to "conceal the corpse and develop firepower". When using the terrain, we should achieve "three conveniences, three don't, and one avoidance". "three conveniences": even if it is convenient for observation and shooting, it is also convenient for hiding the body, approaching and changing positions; "Three noes": that is, don't interfere with the commander's command and the firearms shooting of neighboring soldiers, don't crowd together, so as not to increase casualties, and don't stay in one place for too long; "avoid"; That is, avoid independent, obvious, flammable and easily collapsed objects and inaccessible areas.

(2) Using various landforms and features

When using the terrain, we should take appropriate posture according to the enemy's situation and the level of the bunker, approach quickly and covertly, occupy from bottom to top, observe carefully, and shoot guns (barrels) without losing time. The location that is inconvenient to shoot should be reformed. Don't stay in one place for too long, change your position flexibly according to the situation.

1. Utilization of dams and ridges

When using dams and ridges, it can be divided into vertical, horizontal and high. Different postures (kneeling, squatting, sitting, standing) should be adopted according to the height of objects on the ground. For example, the horizontal ridge should use the enemy's back to hide the body, the vertical ridge should use the curved part, incomplete part or top side to hide the body, and the upper edge should be used as the shooting support. It is best to use incomplete parts for ridges and concave parts for ridges (Figure 8- 10). According to the height of the ridge, you can shoot in lying position, kneeling position and standing position. (Figure 8- 1 1)

2. Use of mounds (graves)

When using a large mound or grave bag, one side of the body is close to the back slope of the mound; If the mound is small, you can also lie down vertically with your head close to the mound. For independent mounds, the right side is usually used, and the left side or the top can be used for shooting as appropriate (Figure 8- 12). Shuangqiu (grave bag) can shoot with its saddle. When shooting into the air, usually use its back or top.

3. Utilization of soil (bomb) pits and ditches

When using soil (bomb) pits and ditches, it is usually to hide the body with its front section (front edge) and bottom, to hide the body with the corners in its ditch wall or longitudinal ditch, and to use its upper edge as shooting support. According to the enemy's situation and the depth of the pit, you can enter by jumping, rolling and climbing. In the pit, you can shoot in four positions: lying, kneeling, standing and leaning back (Figure 8- 13).

4. Utilization of trees

The use of trees can effectively prevent the enemy's direct aiming and indirect aiming firepower from killing. Usually, he hides his body with his back and uses the right back side as a shooting support. When using a big tree (more than 50 mm in diameter), you can take lying, kneeling, standing and other postures; When using small trees, the roots are usually used in a prone position (Figure 8- 14).

5. Use of walls, corners, doors and windows

When using the wall, take appropriate posture according to its height. For low walls, the top or incomplete part can be used as shooting support. When the wall is higher than the human body, you can raise the foot pad or dig a shooting hole.

When you use a corner kick, you usually use its right side as a shooting support. When shooting, the outside of the left forearm is close to the corner and take an appropriate posture. When using the door, usually use its left and right arms to shoot at the door frame; When using a window, usually use its lower left corner, or use its lower right corner or lower window frame to shoot (Figure 8- 15).

5. Exercise under enemy fire.

When soldiers move under enemy fire, they should make good use of the terrain according to the enemy's situation and tasks, flexibly adopt different sports postures and methods, correctly handle various situations, quickly hide or maneuver to meet the enemy, and save themselves and destroy the enemy with flexible combat actions.

(A) through a variety of terrain movement

1. Through the open space

When passing through an open area far away from the enemy, it is generally necessary to pass quickly with a gun (barrel). When you are close to the enemy and the enemy's firepower is tightly blocked, you should take advantage of the favorable opportunities such as interruption, weakening, transfer and suppression of the enemy's firepower.

Cross the road

When crossing the road, you should generally choose corners, culverts, trees and other hidden places to pass quickly. If the enemy's firepower threat is not great, it can be penetrated all the time; When the enemy's firepower is tightly blocked, you should first approach and carefully observe the road conditions and the enemy's firepower law, and then jump through quickly.

3. Pass the pass and cross the mountain.

When passing through a pass or mountain pass, if the enemy's fire threat is not great, he can pass quickly; When the enemy's fire blockade is strict, it is necessary to observe the enemy's blockade law in a hidden way, take advantage of the favorable opportunities such as intermittent, interrupted and weakened enemy fire, and run or leap along the hidden side to minimize the stay time.

Step 4 cross the ravine

When passing through a large longitudinal gully, you should follow the slope on one side and try not to go to the bottom of the gully to observe and deal with the situation; In case of transverse gully, it should pass quickly; To prevent cutting off; You should make a detour or pass by ladder with soldiers from neighboring countries. If the enemy's fire is blocked, we will use the trenches and craters on both sides of the gully to jump over.

5. Go through rocky land, shrubs and swamps

When passing through rocks, shrubs and swamps, you should observe carefully, keep your direction, and cooperate with friends and neighbors to find out the situation as soon as possible and be ready to shoot at the sudden enemy.

Cross the highland

When passing through the highland, try to make use of the movement on both sides of the highland, and don't pass through the top. If you need to go through it and there is nothing hidden, the sooner the better.

cross the street

When crossing the street, you should walk step by step along both sides of the street in a hidden way. Before approaching the bend, look at the opposite block, then quickly enter the bend, observe the next section, and then move on. If you need to cross the street, you should first observe the situation of the left and right blocks and the opposite block, and then pass quickly.

(2) Action when being bombed or strafed by enemy planes.

When enemy planes bomb, soldiers should move forward quickly according to the orders of their superiors; Or use the terrain to hide and move on immediately after the bomb explodes; You can also use the gap between enemy planes to move forward quickly.

When enemy helicopter gunships fire rockets or strafe, soldiers should immediately take advantage of the terrain to hide; Or according to

The superior unified the password and seized the favorable opportunities such as hovering and diving shooting of enemy armed helicopters to shoot into the air.

(3) Actions when attacked by enemy nuclear, chemical or biological weapons.

When soldiers receive the warning of the enemy's nuclear attack, they should quickly hide (Figure 8- 16, 8- 17) or move on, and be ready for protection at any time. When the flash of nuclear explosion is found, it is necessary to protect it quickly. After the shock wave has passed, wear protective equipment as appropriate and move forward quickly.

When soldiers receive an alarm of chemical weapons attack or are attacked by enemy chemical weapons, they should immediately wear protective equipment or use toilet equipment for protection; In case of encountering the enemy's polluted area, you should wear protective equipment to pass quickly or bypass as instructed.

When the enemy uses biological warfare agent aerosol, soldiers should wear gas masks or simple protective masks and self-made protective glasses to protect the respiratory tract, face and eyes; If the enemy throws vectors with bacteria, he should wear gloves, boots, cloak or raincoat, and fasten cuffs, neckline and trousers to prevent aerosol pollution of biological warfare agents and insect bites. If there is a shelter fortification, you should immediately enter the fortification for protection.

(4) Action when attacked by enemy gunfire

When encountering the enemy, the soldiers are always ready to guard against the enemy's gunfire. When encountering sporadic enemy artillery fire, you should pay attention to listening and watching and move forward quickly. If it is judged that the shell may explode nearby, you should lie down and move forward immediately after the shell explodes. When attacked by enemy heavy artillery, we should make use of the gap between artillery fire and explosion, crater and favorable terrain to leap one after another; When passing through the enemy artillery blockade area, soldiers should abide by the enemy artillery blockade law and use the enemy firing gap to penetrate. If the sealing area is not large, it can also be bypassed.

Soldiers must also guard against the killing of enemy chemical bombs when defending against enemy artillery attacks. When chemical shells are found to explode, you should immediately use the terrain, take a crouching posture, kneeling posture (if the ground is not polluted, you can also take a lying posture), wear protective equipment, and then pass quickly.

(5) Action when blocked by enemy rifle fire.

When blocked by enemy rifle fire, soldiers should take advantage of the terrain to hide; Seize the favorable opportunities such as the interruption, weakening and transfer of enemy firepower and move forward quickly; You can also take confusing, deceptive and irregular actions to divert the enemy's attention and suddenly advance in a hidden way; Or use fire to destroy the enemy and then advance quickly.

(6) Actions when encountering enemy minefields, time bombs and electronic reconnaissance equipment.

When encountering enemy minefields and time bombs, soldiers should report to their superiors quickly and mark them, and eliminate or bypass them according to the password of the squad leader (team leader). The electronic reconnaissance equipment installed on the enemy should be eliminated quickly. When dismantling, we should first find out whether there are explosives, and then dismantle or blow them up as appropriate.

The intransitive verbs impact preparation and impact.

Soldiers must have the indomitable spirit when attacking, in order to overwhelm the heroic spirit of all enemies, flexibly take different impact actions according to different impact targets, terrain and tasks, bravely rush into the enemy lines and resolutely destroy the enemy.

(a) shock preparedness

After the soldiers occupy the initial position of the impact, they should build fortifications according to the situation, pay attention to observation and camouflage, see clearly the impact target, impact route and access position, and remember the class (group), their own tasks and signal numbers. When you hear the password of "prepare for impact", you should do the following work quickly: fill the bullets (rockets) and prepare grenades and blasting equipment; Tidy up your equipment, tie your shoelaces, fasten your belt and bullet bag, and keep your equipment as far back as possible so as not to hinder the impact action; Be prepared to jump out or jump out of the fortifications. When the bunker is high, dig enough holes. When ready, report to the shift supervisor (team leader). The reporting method is "XX Impact Ready".

(2) Influence

1. Actions during the passage

When soldiers hear the password of "impact forward" or see the impact signal, they should jump out of the fortifications quickly and make full use of the firepower effect of our army to make a rapid impact on the designated targets. When approaching the service road, you should quickly enter the service road in the order specified by the class (group) leader. If the depth of the passage is small, we will use our artillery cover effect to run through the past; When the passage is deep, we should jump over it step by step under the cover of our artillery fire.

2. Action when attacking enemy infantry

After passing through the tunnel, when approaching the bombing distance, we should bomb the trench by ourselves according to the password of the squad leader. At the moment of Grenade explosion, you should bravely rush into the enemy's position, destroy the enemy by approaching shooting and stabbing, and constantly attack the designated target. When several enemies are approaching at the same time, we must first destroy the enemies with great threats, and then destroy them one by one; When the enemy fights with neighboring soldiers, he should take the initiative to support them; If the enemy escapes, it should be pursued with fire. Machine gunners and rocket launchers should quickly seize the favorable terrain in front of the enemy and suppress and destroy the enemy with fierce firepower.

3. Actions when attacking and bombing enemy sports tanks (infantry fighting vehicles)

When attacking or blowing up enemy tanks, soldiers should follow the orders of the squad leader (team leader) and use the terrain and fortifications they have mastered in advance to attack or blow up or destroy them through fire pursuit.

The rocket launcher can quickly identify its moving direction, distance and speed, occupy the launching position in time and prepare for shooting. When the enemy tank enters the effective shooting distance, seize the favorable opportunity and destroy it with sudden and accurate firepower. Tanks fleeing from the enemy should fire and chase quickly.

Explorers should take different actions according to different situations: when enemy tanks approach trenches (traffic trenches), they should quickly advance along the trenches to the places where they will cross, quickly deploy defensive tank mines, block and bomb enemy tanks, and throw blasting equipment to blow them up when passing by; When the tank approaches the mound and mound, it should go to its back-enemy slope to hide and stand by. When an enemy tank climbs, slows down, turns, and it is inconvenient to observe the shooting, you can use the concealment of the terrain to approach quickly and throw blasting equipment to blow it up. When enemy tanks move along the road, they should quickly lay tank mines and fill them with explosives in advance on the only way, or stand by the roadside and blow them up with blasting equipment; When enemy tanks try to crush me at close range, soldiers should take a right-angle turn to avoid it, cooperate closely with neighboring soldiers, and wait for an opportunity to blow it up with blasting equipment.

4. Strike and bomb the enemy's solid bunker.

When a soldier hits or blows up the enemy's strong firepower, he can undertake the task of blasting or covering. When undertaking the blasting task, we can choose the approach route, blasting point, return route and hidden position according to the nature, type and direction of the enemy fire point and its connection with other fire points, and under the cover of our fire, or by taking advantage of the interruption or weakening of the enemy fire, we can approach its flank or rear side in a hidden way to carry out blasting. When being shot by the enemy, you should throw grenades or smoke bombs quickly, and suddenly approach and blow them up at the moment of explosion or under the cover of smoke screen. When undertaking the cover task, it is necessary to choose favorable terrain, destroy the adjacent exposed targets with precise firepower, block the perforation, and be ready to take over the task of the blaster at any time. Rocket launchers can occupy favorable terrain according to the class (group) long password and destroy it with precise firepower.

5. Action when destroying enemy infantry

In order to destroy the enemy in the position, we should make full use of the bunkers, trench corners and longitudinal shooting equipment in the trench, and eliminate them through close-range shooting, bombing and white-border fighting. You can also move obstacles in the trenches to block trenches and traffic trenches, prevent the enemy from expanding along the trenches, and use the favorable opportunity for the enemy to overcome obstacles to destroy them. When enemy infantry enter the trench from both wings at the same time, soldiers should be flexible, make full use of various means, actively cooperate with neighboring soldiers, and strike threats first, then those with less threats. If the enemy and I are stuck, it is too late to load ammunition or run out of ammunition, so we can use the terrain and fortifications to destroy the enemy with picks, shovels and bayonets.