Question 2: What are the characteristics of running a primary school? First, establish the concept of running a school and cultivate "three natures"
1. Adhere to the concept of running a school and create moral education characteristics.
2. Implement the "three-point" model and construct teaching characteristics.
3, school-oriented, building school-based curriculum characteristics.
Second, strengthen the construction of teachers and improve their comprehensive quality.
1, do a good job in weekly collective lesson preparation, training courses, lectures and other forms of teaching and research activities.
2. Adhere to the training of teachers' basic teaching skills.
3. Persevere in organizing teachers to carry out educational research extensively.
4. Do a good job in learning and training teachers' modern educational technology and information technology.
5. Organize teachers to study modern educational theories and monographs,
6. Organize teachers to study in brother schools, such as arranging young teachers to study in Anqing Petrochemical Primary School every semester.
7. Encourage teachers to write scientific research papers and summarize scientific research achievements.
Third, adhere to people-oriented and build a school brand.
Question 3: What is the type of primary school? That is, the teaching management mode is the form of primary school. Including public and private schools.
Question 4: What are the functional characteristics of primary education? On the basis of more than 50 years' experience in training primary school teachers, the major of primary school education was approved by the Ministry of Education in 200 1. Training targets: mainly in-service primary school teachers with secondary normal education and certain education and teaching experience. Training goal: to reach the professional degree of primary education in normal universities and improve the quality level.
Primary education department is an existing undergraduate major, that is, primary education major. It is an undergraduate major approved by the Ministry of Education in 200 1 on the basis of training primary school teachers for more than 50 years. It is also a pilot experimental specialty in Liaoning Province and an important part of the teacher education system. The major of primary education is located at the undergraduate level at the level of running a school, so that students can reach the academic literacy at the undergraduate level; In the direction of training, it is located in the direction of school education, so that students can have the professional quality of primary school teachers; In terms of service orientation, it aims to serve local basic education and cultivate talents for the region and surrounding areas. The academic system lasts for four years and a bachelor's degree in education is awarded.
Second, the basic characteristics of primary education
Primary education is a large-scale educational foundation project, which has its own unique basic characteristics besides the characteristics of general education.
(A) Nationality
The popularization of primary education, in a broad sense, means that primary education must face all the people. Only in this way can illiteracy be completely eliminated and the cultural quality of the whole nation be improved; In a narrow sense, it means that primary education must be open to all school-age children.
The popularization of primary education is the common trend of educational reform in all countries in the world, and almost all countries are trying to create conditions to ensure everyone's right to receive primary education. 1989165438+10 In October, the 25th General Conference of UNESCO decided to "strive to popularize basic education", demanding that illiteracy be eliminated to the maximum extent and primary education be popularized. 1990 In March, the World Conference on Education for All was held in Thailand. The theme of the conference is "Let everyone have the opportunity to enjoy education". The World Declaration on Education for All-Meeting Basic Learning Needs, adopted by the conference, repeatedly emphasized that everyone should enjoy the right to education and provide opportunities for all to receive education.
In the new period of socialism, China's primary education is universal education, which is the need of socialist modernization and the need of improving the quality of the whole Chinese nation so that children of all ethnic groups can receive socialist education. In order to ensure this universality, the state pays special attention to the education of girls and children in poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas and adopts special policies; Special attention is also paid to the education of disabled children to ensure this.
(2) Obligations
Primary education is open to all school-age children, and any minor citizen must receive primary education as long as he reaches a certain age (6-7 years old), regardless of his race, nationality, sex, color, language and socio-economic status (except those who are not allowed by intellectual and physical conditions). Therefore, primary education has the nature of compulsory education in the whole education. For every citizen, educational opportunities are equal and should be enjoyed. The Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The state implements nine-year compulsory education. Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall determine the steps to implement compulsory education according to the economic and cultural development of the region. " "The state, society, schools and families guarantee the right of school-age children and adolescents to receive compulsory education according to law."
Compulsory education is a universal, compulsory and free school education for school-age children and adolescents in the form of law. The word "obligation" here includes: (1) The state has the obligation to set up schools so that people can enjoy education; (2) Parents or guardians have the obligation to make school-age children or ward go to school; (3) The whole society has the obligation to eliminate all kinds of adverse effects and obstacles on the education of school-age children and adolescents. Therefore, compulsory education needs the protection of the state, family and society. For the educated, this is both a right and an obligation.
Primary education is compulsory. According to the Compulsory Education Law, compulsory education is free: "The state exempts students who receive compulsory education from tuition fees. The state has set up scholarships to help poor students go to school. " "Parents or other guardians must make school-age children and adolescents enter school on time and receive compulsory education for a specified number of years." Because primary education is a basic education and compulsory education implemented according to national laws.
(3) comprehensiveness
Primary education is an all-round education for children's moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development. Primary education is neither employment-oriented vocational and technical education, nor professional education to train senior professionals. It is for all children ... >>
Question 5: What are the efficient classroom teaching modes of Chinese in primary schools? In order to give full play to the role of classroom teaching as the main channel in the implementation of quality education, and to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability to the maximum extent, on the basis of summarizing the experience of classroom teaching reform since the new curriculum reform, a "standard classroom teaching model for primary schools" is constructed. In order to fully implement the Basic Model of Primary School New Curriculum Standard Classroom Teaching, promote classroom teaching reform, and strive to improve the quality of education and teaching and the efficiency of running schools, this teaching model is specially formulated.
I. Guiding ideology
Guided by Scientific Outlook on Development, with the goal of deepening the implementation of the new curriculum concept, we should construct and implement the basic model of the new curriculum standard classroom teaching, and solidly promote the classroom teaching reform.
Second, the reform goal.
1, target multidimensional
The goal of classroom teaching should not be limited to the development of students' cognition, but also include the formation of students' will, emotion and personality characteristics, and the cultivation of innovative consciousness and practical ability. Therefore, the objectives of the new classroom teaching should include: (1) promoting students' all-round development to the maximum extent, such as emotion, will, interest, needs, values, morality and aesthetic taste. -Goals of emotional attitudes and values; (2) Master the subject thinking method and learning method-process method goal; (3) Mastering subject knowledge and cultivating subject ability-the goal of knowledge and ability.
2. Multiple interactions
Traditional classroom teaching is more about teachers talking and students listening; The teacher asked and the students answered; The lack of harmonious two-way communication between teachers and students leads to the loss of students' learning initiative and inhibits students' curiosity and creativity. The new classroom teaching advocates students' independent participation in the whole teaching process, teachers and students realize communication and interaction, and realize teaching objectives in the process of exploring new knowledge together. Teachers and students are partners and close friends in teaching. In the new classroom teaching, multi-interaction has become the highlight of teaching. Only multi-interaction can produce teaching resonance, make students develop in an all-round way, and make classroom teaching receive the greatest teaching benefit.
Step 3 apply what you have learned
Learning is the source, foundation and condition of teaching activities, and teaching must be based on learning. The success or failure of teaching depends entirely on whether teaching can be carried out according to the objective laws of learning. Therefore, classroom teaching must be "learning-oriented". First of all, the content, method and structural model of classroom teaching must fully consider the acceptability of students, and plan to finally achieve the teaching purpose. Second, classroom teaching should permeate subject learning methods, guide students to master learning strategies and cultivate students' learning ability. Only by taking learning as the basis and teaching students according to their learning can we have a positive overall effect.
4. Method optimization
Teaching has the law, but teaching cannot. The important thing is to get the law. Different teaching objects, teaching contents, teaching objectives and teaching styles will have different teaching methods. On the one hand, we advocate "cooperation" and "inquiry", on the other hand, we should scientifically grasp and use traditional teaching methods, such as "teaching method" and "demonstration method". No matter what teaching method is adopted, we should follow the principle of teacher-led; Students are the main body; Thinking is the core; Practice is the main line ability as the goal; Educating people is the main purpose.
Third, the basic principles
-the principle of subjectivity. Fully respect students' dominant position in the process of education and teaching, let students become the masters of classroom teaching, fully mobilize their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, give play to their intelligence and develop their personality; Let the classroom teaching glow with life and form a classroom teaching atmosphere full of * * * *; It is necessary to develop teaching democracy and give students a certain right to choose independently.
-the principle of openness. The classroom teaching process should be an open teaching space. This openness is manifested in the psychological safety of students. Students' mentality in classroom teaching is open, free and not repressed. In terms of teaching content, it is not limited to textbooks or teachers' knowledge vision; Shown in the thinking space, we attach importance to students' open thinking training and cannot despise students' exploration; In the teaching results, students are not satisfied with the textbook, authority, the teacher's so-called standard answers, and encourage students to be unconventional.
-Process principle. In order to change the simple way of telling students ready-made conclusions directly in the past, the focus of classroom teaching should shift from teaching students to memorize ready-made conclusions to guiding students to explore the unknown, paying attention to the teaching of knowledge formation process, strengthening thinking training and cultivating students' innovative thinking ability.
-Challenge principle. Teachers should advocate and encourage students to challenge in three aspects: first, dare to challenge teachers, encourage students to question and ask difficult questions, and allow students to express different views and opinions from teachers; Second, dare to challenge textbooks and encourage students to put forward different views from textbooks; Third, dare to challenge authority and encourage students to question authority through their own inquiry ... >>
Question 6: What are the teaching modes in the classroom teaching mode of "seven-in-one teaching mode"?
Pattern interpretation
First, guidance: it is to guide students to learn, including two aspects.
(1) according to the teaching materials and students' actual situation, establish concise learning objectives. This goal is to learn the knowledge that must be mastered in this section. Other two-dimensional goals are embodied in the teaching process, which is not within this scope.
(2) According to the content of the teaching materials, the knowledge will be problematic, the learning methods will be guided, and a reasonable preview navigation will be compiled. Write error-prone tips and method instructions. Enable students to conduct effective self-study.
Second, learning: that is, students' self-study (or preview)
Learning includes "autonomous learning" and "reverse learning"
(1) The so-called "autonomous learning" means that students learn textbooks by themselves and accumulate their own understanding of the learning content under the guidance of "guiding, speaking and practicing manuscripts", so as to solve the guiding problems of "guiding, speaking and practicing manuscripts". When encountering obstacles, mark them and submit them to the group for discussion and solution.
The so-called "learning to learn" refers to guiding team members to cooperate and explore on the basis of autonomous learning, thus solving unsolved problems and difficulties in autonomous learning. And the problems that can't be solved when "learning" are also marked and submitted to the whole class for exchange and display.
Third, talk. Is "show communication."
Mainly in the classroom, each group displays and exchanges the self-study results of the whole class, expounds their own views and opinions, and at the same time raises questions and discusses them. Through the presentation and communication of each group of different tasks, thinking and thinking collide. The main task of teachers is to highlight, evaluate and summarize the collision of students' knowledge, experience and thinking, and further check the implementation of three-dimensional goals.
Fourth, practice. Is to conduct feedback evaluation.
Principle: Learn what to practice (test) and teach what to practice (test). Goal: everyone meets the standard.
There are three main detection forms: in-class detection, after-class grouping detection and clearance detection. Teachers use this link to complete the investigation of students' academic situation. Let students know what they are doing in the evaluation, so as to find the shortcomings, fill the gaps and improve their academic level. For the problems exposed in the evaluation, teachers can use their spare time to provide direct help to students, or they can assign team leaders, class representatives, outstanding students and so on to help students who hope.
Fifth, comment. Is to evaluate the whole process of learning.
"Evaluation" mainly includes several aspects of evaluation. ① Evaluation of classroom presentation; ② Evaluation of learning process; ③ Evaluation of group cooperation; ④ Evaluation of learning effect.
Sixth, research. It is to study problems and reflect on teaching and learning.
There are two aspects of research. First, students' reflection on learning. Why can't my classmates understand me? Why can't my classmates understand me when I speak? The second is the reflection of teachers. For example, what are the shortcomings in the whole teaching process? What aspects need to be improved to further improve efficiency? There is also the problem of classroom capacity and quality?
Seven, mention it. How to cultivate eugenics and make them better is a top-notch problem. It is mainly to make full use of the "selected questions" in the "Guidance Draft for Learning and Practice" to conduct top-notch training for gifted students.
operating procedure
1. Before class, the teacher distributed the Guidance and Practice Draft to each student, and then asked the team leader to lead and urge the team members to "preview". In the preview process, self-study is the main method (study alone). When encountering obstacles, cooperate and explore among the group members to complete the task (learning). In this process, the teacher retreats behind the scenes, and is only the instructor and helper of students' learning, playing the role of inspiration and guidance, rather than the only knowledge imparting. Teachers participate in the formation, induction and summary of students' knowledge, rather than telling students "standard answers". After the study, the group will hand over the "guidance, learning, speaking and practicing" to the teacher for correction. Through marking, teachers can master the learning situation and prepare for classroom communication and presentation.
2. Before class, the teacher temporarily arranges the exhibition task, and each group writes the exhibition content on the blackboard in advance. After class, the teacher gives the students 3-5 minutes to let the group members exchange preview information again and discuss how to complete the group's demonstration task.
After 3.3-5 minutes, each group member will exchange and show. In principle, members of the same group will take turns to show themselves (to ensure that every student has the opportunity to show himself), and other members will add. Students are required to talk about ideas first, then methods, and emphasize error-prone points, key points and knowledge points. Encourage top students to leave opportunities to hope students, and other group members can also make supplements and comments (group study). Choose, evaluate and encourage teachers' cameras, and make an appropriate summary. In this section, students are required to "understand" because each group only shows one ... >; & gt
Question 7: What should schools do to standardize their school-running behavior? Suqian Education implements the "New Deal", standardizes the school-running behavior, and makes every effort to promote quality education in the field of basic education, thus impacting the hard ice of exam-oriented education. This is a great event that benefits the country and the people, a long-term move to improve the quality of the nation and a great revolution in education. Facing the new situation, what schools should grasp has become a question that schools must answer. Standardizing school-running behavior puts forward higher requirements for schools, requiring every school to move towards standardized schools. The construction of standardized schools is a systematic project, including educational ideas, school conditions, school management, students' quality and so on. Standardization is a comprehensive concept in the field of primary and secondary education. It is not only the overall goal of comprehensively improving the level of running schools in primary and secondary schools, but also the guiding principle of running schools. It is also a requirement for school conditions, internal management, education and teaching, and it is also a process of comprehensively improving primary and secondary education in specific fields according to educational policies and quality education objectives. Standardized schools are not only "hardware" construction, but also "software" upgrade. Its most essential purpose is to improve students' quality. The key to achieve this goal is to establish a modern teaching system and form a high-quality teacher team. These two aspects are the two wings of standardized school construction and are indispensable. The modernization of teaching system is the core of standardizing school-running behavior, which is related to the problem of cultivating people and directly affects whether innovative talents and talents can be cultivated. Under the traditional education and teaching management system, most of the students trained follow the rules, follow the trend, are "masters" in exams, and have weak innovation ability. The modernization of teaching system requires that the goal is to cultivate people with modern quality, and based on the quality structure and level of modern people, reform the curriculum structure and teaching material system, build a new teaching structure and model, establish a scientific evaluation method, and promote the all-round development of students. This requires each school to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation mechanism and abandon the old evaluation mechanism that evaluates students and teachers by "scores". Primary and secondary education should focus on the overall improvement of students' quality and create conditions for the formation of students' knowledge and ability and the development of sound personality. Therefore, the school must meet the requirements of students' healthy and all-round development from the school-running concept, teaching management, teaching objectives, teaching activities, curriculum materials and the application of teaching technology. However, teachers' teaching activities must completely change the previous evaluation method of judging advantages and disadvantages only by scores, and take students' endowment and potential as the main basis for evaluation. Strengthen moral education courses, activity courses, experimental teaching, reading teaching, technical education and art sports. Efforts should be made to build a three-level curriculum framework system of compulsory courses, elective courses and activity courses, and national courses, local courses and school-based courses. Create a teaching atmosphere of "independence, cooperation and inquiry". Teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that students can develop in an all-round and positive way. Standardizing school-running behavior is inseparable from teachers' continuous exploration and efforts, and teachers are the main force to improve the quality of education and teaching. Therefore, comprehensively improving the overall quality of teachers is another key point to standardize school-running behavior. We should not only establish a democratic, equal and harmonious relationship between teachers and students, but also strengthen the construction of teachers' morality; We should not only attach importance to teachers' continuing education and improve their professional quality, but also strengthen their ability to control classroom teaching. On the one hand, we should vigorously carry forward the spirit of dedication, conscientiously implement teachers' professional ethics, shape people with noble spirit, cultivate people with profound knowledge, guide people with scientific methods and influence people with elegant temperament. On the other hand, from the perspective of long-term development, it is necessary to do a good job in training teachers, from bookkeepers to scholar-type teachers, from a "four-in-one" teacher with a chalk, a textbook, a reference book and a mouth, to new teachers who are proficient in modern educational theories and apply modern teaching equipment. In short, through joint efforts, we will break the ice of exam-oriented education and comprehensively promote quality education. Sihong County Gui Ren Jiang Feng Primary School Wang Jichun
Question 8: What are the teaching modes of primary school mathematics classroom teaching? The seven-in-one teaching mode of "guiding, learning, speaking, practicing, evaluating, researching and cultivating".
Pattern interpretation
First, guidance: it is to guide students to learn, including two aspects.
(1) according to the teaching materials and students' actual situation, establish concise learning objectives. This goal is to learn the knowledge that must be mastered in this section. Other two-dimensional goals are embodied in the teaching process, which is not within this scope.
(2) According to the content of the teaching materials, the knowledge will be problematic, the learning methods will be guided, and a reasonable preview navigation will be compiled. Write error-prone tips and method instructions. Enable students to conduct effective self-study.
Second, learning: that is, students' self-study (or preview)
Learning includes "autonomous learning" and "reverse learning"
(1) The so-called "autonomous learning" means that students learn textbooks by themselves and accumulate their own understanding of the learning content under the guidance of "guiding, speaking and practicing manuscripts", so as to solve the guiding problems of "guiding, speaking and practicing manuscripts". When encountering obstacles, mark them and submit them to the group for discussion and solution.
The so-called "learning to learn" refers to guiding team members to cooperate and explore on the basis of autonomous learning, thus solving unsolved problems and difficulties in autonomous learning. And the problems that can't be solved when "learning" are also marked and submitted to the whole class for exchange and display.
Third, talk. Is "show communication."
Mainly in the classroom, each group displays and exchanges the self-study results of the whole class, expounds their own views and opinions, and at the same time raises questions and discusses them. Through the presentation and communication of each group of different tasks, thinking and thinking collide. The main task of teachers is to highlight, evaluate and summarize the collision of students' knowledge, experience and thinking, and further check the implementation of three-dimensional goals.
Fourth, practice. Is to conduct feedback evaluation.
Principle: Learn what to practice (test) and teach what to practice (test). Goal: everyone meets the standard.
There are three main detection forms: in-class detection, after-class grouping detection and clearance detection. Teachers use this link to complete the investigation of students' academic situation. Let students know what they are doing in the evaluation, so as to find the shortcomings, fill the gaps and improve their academic level. For the problems exposed in the evaluation, teachers can use their spare time to provide direct help to students, or they can assign team leaders, class representatives, outstanding students and so on to help students who hope.
Fifth, comment. Is to evaluate the whole process of learning.
"Evaluation" mainly includes several aspects of evaluation. ① Evaluation of classroom presentation; ② Evaluation of learning process; ③ Evaluation of group cooperation; ④ Evaluation of learning effect.
Sixth, research. It is to study problems and reflect on teaching and learning.
There are two aspects of research. First, students' reflection on learning. Why can't my classmates understand me? Why can't my classmates understand me when I speak? The second is the reflection of teachers. For example, what are the shortcomings in the whole teaching process? What needs to be improved to further improve efficiency? There is also the problem of classroom capacity and quality?
Seven, mention it. How to cultivate eugenics and make them better is a top-notch problem. It is mainly to make full use of the "selected questions" in the "Guidance Draft for Learning and Practice" to conduct top-notch training for gifted students.
operating procedure
1. Before class, the teacher distributed the Guidance and Practice Draft to each student, and then asked the team leader to lead and urge the team members to "preview". In the preview process, self-study is the main method (study alone). When encountering obstacles, cooperate and explore among the group members to complete the task (learning). In this process, the teacher retreats behind the scenes, and is only the instructor and helper of students' learning, playing the role of inspiration and guidance, rather than the only knowledge imparting. Teachers participate in the formation, induction and summary of students' knowledge, rather than telling students "standard answers". After the study, the group will hand over the "guidance, learning, speaking and practicing" to the teacher for correction. Through marking, teachers can master the learning situation and prepare for classroom communication and presentation.
2. Before class, the teacher temporarily arranges the exhibition task, and each group writes the exhibition content on the blackboard in advance. After class, the teacher gives the students 3-5 minutes to let the group members exchange preview information again and discuss how to complete the group's demonstration task.
After 3.3-5 minutes, each group member will exchange and show. In principle, members of the same group will take turns to show themselves (to ensure that every student has the opportunity to show himself), and other members will add. Students are required to talk about ideas first, then methods, and emphasize error-prone points, key points and knowledge points. Encourage top students to leave opportunities to hope students, and other group members can also make supplements and comments (group study). Choose, evaluate and encourage teachers' cameras, and make an appropriate summary. In this section, students are required to "understand" because each group only shows one ... >; & gt
Question 9: What are the functional rooms for the balanced development of compulsory primary schools? The balanced development of standard compulsory education means that all kinds of schools at all levels in the compulsory education stage in the region are generally in a relatively balanced state in terms of school-running funds, hardware facilities, teachers' equipment, school-running level and education quality, which is compatible with the publicity, popularization and foundation of compulsory education and provides full guarantee for everyone to enjoy compulsory education fairly and justly.