Principles of moral education
Principles of moral education in China and the West
catalogue
1 summary
2 Basic information
3 principles of moral education
guiding principle
Persuasion principle
Combination principle
Coherence principle
Principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Factor principle
Principle of combining practice
Educational principles
Principle of positive education
Communist principle
4 Chinese and Western moral principles
The principle of moral education refers to the basic principles and requirements that ideological and moral education must follow. The embodiment of the law of moral education is restricted by the purpose of moral education and the law of physical and mental development of the educated. The summary of educational practice experience at home and abroad reflects the characteristics of a certain class, nation and culture. It is the basis for making moral education plan, choosing moral education content, method and organizing moral education process. Confucius and Mencius, an educator in ancient China, put forward the principles of matching words with deeds, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, setting an example, being good at saving the nation from extinction, being loyal to one's will and exercising one's will. In Song Dynasty, Zhu advocated that knowledge should be the first, behavior should be the most important, and positive education should be combined with negative prevention.
Basic information
Chinese name
Principles of moral education
Foreign name
Principles of moral education
location
Requirements that teachers should follow in moral education for students.
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It embodies the regularity of moral education process.
Principles of moral education
guiding principle
The guiding principle means that moral education should be ideal and directional, and guide students to develop in the right direction. Guiding principle is an important principle of moral education, because students are in a critical period of rapid moral development. On the one hand, it is plastic, on the other hand, it is young, lacking social experience and discrimination, and easily influenced by the outside world. School moral education should adhere to the guiding principles and point out the direction for the healthy development of students' morality.
The basic requirements for implementing the program are: ① firm and correct political direction; ② The goal of moral education must meet the requirements of the principles, policies and general tasks in the new period; ③ The ideal of moral education should be combined with reality.
Persuasion principle
Moral education should focus on persuasion, starting with improving students' understanding, mobilizing their initiative and making them positive.
The basic requirements for implementing the persuasion principle are: ① Reasoning and persuading the mind; (2) Make the best use of the situation and follow the crowd; ③ Give priority to praise and encouragement, and insist on positive education.
Combination principle
Moral education should combine strict requirements for students' thoughts and behaviors with respect and trust for students, so that educators' influence and requirements on students can be easily transformed into students' morality.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of combining respecting students with strictly demanding students are: ① love, respect and trust students; (2) Require educators to put forward reasonable and correct requirements for students, which should be specific and appropriate in Yan Kuan; (3) Educators are required to seriously implement the requirements put forward by students.
Coherence principle
Moral education should purposefully and systematically organize and adjust the educational influence on students from all aspects, so as to make them cooperate with each other and coordinate, so as to ensure that students' moral character can develop according to the requirements of educational purposes.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of consistency and coherence in education are: ① unifying the educational forces in all aspects of the school; (2) unifying the educational influence of all aspects of society; ③ It should be carried out in a planned and systematic way.
Principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Moral education should proceed from the reality of students' ideological understanding and moral development, and carry out different education according to students' age characteristics and personality differences, so as to make each student's moral development get the best.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude are: ① differentiated teaching according to the characteristics of students; ② Take effective measures to fully develop talented students.
Factor principle
Moral education should mobilize students' enthusiasm for self-education, rely on and carry forward their own positive factors, overcome their negative factors in moral development, and realize the transformation of internal contradictions in moral development.
The basic requirements for carrying forward the principle of positive factors and overcoming negative factors are: ① treating students in a "two-in-one" way; 2. Be good at recovering losses and overcoming shortcomings by developing advantages; ③ Guide students to evaluate themselves consciously and cultivate themselves.
Principle of combining practice
Moral education should combine the education of ideological and political concepts and moral norms with the actual exercise of participating in social life, and combine the improvement of students' ideological understanding with the cultivation of moral behavior habits to achieve consistency between words and deeds.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of integrating theory with practice are: ① attaching importance to the teaching of theoretical knowledge and teaching in combination with practice; (2) Strengthen the practical link of teaching and pay attention to cultivating students' practical ability and the ability to apply knowledge to practice; ③ Educate students to understand that theory comes from practice, and practice is the objective criterion for testing truth; ④ Attention should be paid to supplementing local textbooks and adapting to local conditions.
Educational principles
In moral education, we should pay attention to relying on students' collectives to educate students and give full play to the great role of students' collectives in education.
The basic requirements for implementing educational principles in the collective are: ① to guide students to care for and love the collective and strive to build the collective well; (2) Educate students individually through the collective, and influence the collective through students' personal transformation; ③ Combine the leading role of teachers with the collective educational strength for education.
Principle of positive education
It refers to the ideological and moral education of students, which should focus on persuasion education, actively guide, inspire self-consciousness, point out the direction, start with raising awareness and do in-depth and meticulous ideological work.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of positive education are: ① insisting on positive encouragement and active guidance; ② Educate students with positive examples and examples; ③ Establish reasonable rules and regulations.
Communist principle
It refers to the ideological and moral education of students, putting the political direction of the proletariat in the first place, and linking the moral education of students with the realization of communist ideals.
The basic requirements for implementing the principle of communist orientation are: ① Teachers must adhere to the socialist political orientation guided by Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought in moral education; (2) Teachers must carry out scientific ideological and moral education for students; (3) Teachers must combine the characteristics of the times and the trend of social development in moral education for students; ④ Combine the education of students in the direction of communism with their daily life.
Principles of moral education in China and the West
The principle of moral education is formed in people's long-term educational practice. In the history of Chinese and foreign education, many educators summed up their experiences and put forward various moral principles on behalf of certain classes in different historical periods.
Kong Qiu, an ancient educator in China, attached great importance to being a good person and was charming (The Analects of Zi Han); Not only "listen to his words" but also pay more attention to "observe his actions" (The Analects of Confucius Gongye Chang); And adopt the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and setting an example. Monk especially emphasized the training and cultivation of will, and advocated that a person must go through the hard training of "suffering his mind, straining his bones and muscles, starving his body and skin, and neglecting his actions" (Mencius Xunzi). Xun Kuang attached great importance to the role of environment and education, and put forward that "one must choose one's hometown when one is born, and one must be a scholar when one is active", and "keeping away from evil and approaching righteousness" (Xun Zi's advice on learning) were the important principles of moral education in ancient China. "Xue Ji" has long pointed out that "preparation is called before prohibition". Later (see Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) also said, "Advance first". Zhu advocated "knowledge first, then learning". In terms of children's education, it is required that education should conform to children's temperament, just like rain and flowers and trees, "it will inspire them and make them happy" (Liu et al. ) Wang Fuzhi, Yan Yuan, Dai Zhen and others in the Ming and Qing Dynasties opposed Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties and all emphasized practical principles such as implementation and practicality.
In the west, the ancient Greek philosopher democritus attached great importance to morality and moral education. In view of the different words and deeds of sophists at that time, he advocated empty talk, put forward the principle of "being enthusiastic about doing things according to morality" and advocated the principle of heart-to-heart consistency. Socrates, an ancient Greek philosopher, thought that "knowledge is virtue", but he opposed to imparting ready-made moral knowledge to students, and advocated that students should be inspired to draw conclusions from questions and answers through questions and debates between teachers and students as the principle of virtue cultivation. /kloc-in the 7th century, the British educator J. Locke put forward the principle of "natural consequences", emphasizing that the educated will automatically adjust their actions in the consequences of their actions and oppose external interference in education. This principle was later adopted by French thinker Rousseau, British educator Spencer and Italian educator Montessori. 18 ~19th century, the Swiss educator J.H. Pestalozzi advocated the education of love. In Lienhard and Godud (1781~1787), he described Godud's "motherly love" in educating children, which moved them. German educator J.F. Herbart put forward the educational principle of integrating education into teaching. He said: "Teaching without moral education is just a means without purpose, and moral education without teaching (or character education) is a purpose without means." In the 20th century, American educator J Dewey emphasized the principle of moral education from school socialization activities, opposed setting moral courses for direct moral teaching, advocated the spirit of criticism and research in moral education, and emphasized what is right in teaching, instead of getting used to a set of known moral principles. Dewey's thought still has an influence on school moral education in modern western capitalist countries.
Krupskaya makarenko, an educator of the Soviet Union, put forward that education in the collective, combining respect for students with strict requirements, and combining education with productive labor are all important principles that schools in socialist society should follow in moral education.
The principles of school moral education in China are put forward on the basis of the nature and task of moral education in socialist society and the summary of educational practical experience (including beneficial experience in the history of education). Strive to reflect the objective regularity of the process of communist ideological and moral education in schools. At present, the principles of moral education recognized by the educational circles are: the principle of communist orientation, the principle of unity of knowing and doing, the principle of combining strict requirements with respect for students, the principle of persuasion, the principle of collective education, the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, the principle of consistency in education, and the principle of setting an example.
Moral education principle is a relatively complete system, which runs through the whole ideological and moral education. The principle of moral education is not fixed, but will be enriched and developed with the deepening of people's understanding of the law of moral education process and the development of educational practice.
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