Introduction:
Education is the whole process of training a new generation to engage in social life, and it is also the key link to inherit and carry forward the production experience of human society. Mainly refers to the process of cultivating school-age children, teenagers and young people. Education is the foundation of the development of our Chinese nation, and the logical starting point of education is naturally the emergence of human society. The change from apes is due to productive labor, and apes gradually form a main mechanism with brain and hand as the core. The brain can think and the hands can operate, which makes people different from ordinary animals and become "advanced animals"
Traceability of education:
1) The origin of the word "education" in Chinese
It first appeared in Mencius with all my heart: "A gentleman has three pleasures, but the king of the world does not exist." Parents exist, brothers have no chance, and they are happy; Yang is worthy of the sky, regardless of people, but also happy; If you are educated by talented people in the world, you will have three pleasures. The explanation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi is that "teaching is applied from the top and effective from the bottom"; Education, fostering children makes good. " It was at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century that "education" became a common word. /kloc-At the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, He Ziyuan and Qiu, veterans of the Revolution of 1911 and founders of modern education in China, and other people of insight successfully established new schools, excluding the interference of diehard forces. Subsequently, under the pressure of the situation, the Qing government carried out a series of reforms in education. At the end of 1905, a new academic system was promulgated, the imperial examination system was abolished, and new schools were popularized throughout the country. Western learning has gradually become the main content of school education.
The popularity of the word "education" in modern Chinese is related to the modernization of education in China.
It reflects the modern transformation of China's educational discourse from "learning-oriented" to "teaching-oriented".
2) The origin of the word "education" in the west.
In the west, the word "education" comes from the Latin word "education". The original meaning is "derivative" or "derivative", which refers to something originally hidden in the body and mind and triggered by some means. Etymologically speaking, the word "education" in the west has an internal meaning. It is emphasized that education is a natural activity, aiming at arousing the inherent or potential quality of natural persons from the inside out and making it a realistic development state.
Educational connotation:
Education can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. Education in a broad sense refers to all social practice activities that purposefully affect people's physical and mental development. Education in a narrow sense refers to special education, including not only full-time school education, but also half-time and amateur school education, correspondence education, publishing education, radio schools and television schools. According to the reality and future needs of a certain society, it is an activity to guide the educated to acquire knowledge and skills, cultivate ideology and morality, develop intelligence and physical strength, follow the law of physical and mental development of the younger generation, train the educated to adapt to the needs of a certain society (or class) and promote social development.
Track education, adult education, technical education, special education, lifelong education, etc.
The essence of education:
(1) connotation. The essence of education refers to the fundamental characteristic that education, as a social activity, is different from other social activities, that is, the question of "what is education". It reflects the inherent stipulation of educational activities, that is, the fundamental characteristics of educational activities.
(2) Four viewpoints on the essence of education: superstructure, productivity, special category and multiple attributes.
(3) With regard to the fifth viewpoint on the nature of education, namely, the theory of substitution of consciousness, Tang Zhen believes that the essence of cultural education can be summarized as: teaching new methods and means for individuals to deal with objects with the knowledge we have mastered about our objects and their relationships. It is a process in which one kind of consciousness changes another kind of consciousness. It is a process in which one kind of consciousness covers or even destroys another kind of consciousness in view of the collision, running-in, infiltration and change between consciousness, which may cause pain to individuals. Because any two individuals face different objects, there will be differences or conflicts in the consciousness gained from different objects, and the recipients of cultural and educational activities will have certain exclusion. In the real society, in order to weaken the rejection psychology of the recipients, first of all, educational activities are mainly carried out between the young and the old. Older people (or those who get knowledge first) generally live in the position of educators, while young people lack knowledge and are like a whiteboard, so they are educated. The second is to induce through utilitarianism and other means. For example, in ancient times, there was a call for "learning to be an excellent official", and today there is a call for educational goals such as "knowledge is wealth", so that educational activities can be carried out normally.
Obviously, cultural education has instrumental significance in enhancing the individual's choice characteristics. Educators conceptualize and knowledgeable the experience of predecessors in the struggle with the object world and pass it on to individuals. Individuals have acquired the consciousness of the object before they get involved in it. Is the individual going to enter these objects or choose another object? The knowledge they gained gave them the answer.
Cultural education changes the individual's choice direction by changing the individual's consciousness space. Through cultural education, human beings have increased the space of individual consciousness, thus finding a shortcut and teaching individuals the ways and means of choosing objects. The cultural achievements of human beings are attached to the individual's consciousness through educators, shaping new individuals and providing a perspective and microscope for the individual's future direction.
Compulsory education:
The Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated in April 2006, 1986. This is the first time that China has fixed free compulsory education in the form of law, which means that school-age "children and adolescents" must receive nine-year compulsory education. The promulgation of Compulsory Education Law marks that the development of basic education in China has entered a new stage. Although there is only 18, "the state implements nine-year compulsory education" has since become a legal obligation.
The new Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was revised and passed at the 22nd meeting of the 10th NPC Standing Committee in People's Republic of China (PRC), and came into force on June 29th, 2006. After two years of transition, China implemented a veritable compulsory education nationwide in the autumn of 2008.
Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society and family. Its essence is a system of compulsory education for school-age children and adolescents for a certain period of time in accordance with the provisions of the law. Compulsory education is also called compulsory education and free compulsory education. Compulsory education is compulsory, free and universal.
China's Compulsory Education Law stipulates that the length of compulsory education is nine years, which conforms to China's national conditions and is appropriate. At present, the actual situation of China's compulsory education system mainly includes "six-three system" (that is, six-year primary school system and three-year secondary school system), "May 4th system" (that is, five-year primary school system and four-year secondary school system) and "nine-year consistent system". Among them, there are still a few areas that implement eight-year compulsory education, that is, five years in primary school and three years in secondary school, but these areas are also trying to realize the transition from eight-year system to nine-year system. According to China's education system, nine-year or eight-year compulsory education includes two stages: primary school compulsory education and junior high school compulsory education. School-age children and adolescents who have completed nine or eight years of compulsory education in compulsory education schools according to regulations can reach the educational level of junior high school graduation.