Science is a theory that reflects truth. Science is first and foremost a theory and an objective reflection of truth. The relationship between science and truth is inseparable.
Science is the eternity, universality and uniqueness of civilization. Science is different from truth. Truth is a correct objective law and its description under certain conditions, while science is a reasonable method and practical machine description under certain conditions. Science is not necessarily truth, truth must be science.
Science is to infinitely enlarge and narrow any research object. In the process of infinite enlargement and reduction, we can find a perfect theory close to 100%, gain value and make contributions. Look at your present life, aircraft carrier, internet, etc ... These scientific meanings are ordinary in human life. Science is a method to study problems with a pragmatic attitude and rigorous thinking. Science is a knowledge system that reflects the essence and laws of various phenomena in the real world with categories, theorems, laws and other forms of thinking, and it is one of social ideologies. The authoritative works on China's science are Joseph Needham and his History of Science and Technology in China.
Science is a knowledge system that reflects the essence and laws of various phenomena in the real world with categories, theorems, laws and other forms of thinking, and it is one of social ideologies. Science is the secret knowledge crystallized by human wisdom. Science is human cognition that emphasizes evidence and strict logic.
Philosophers and scientists often try to provide an adequate essentialist definition of what science and scientific method are, but they are not very successful. Nietzsche believes that people often forget that science is actually a social, historical and cultural human activity, and it is inventing rather than discovering unchanging natural laws. Some postmodern philosophers, such as Faye Abend and Rorty, may agree with him. He also thinks it is foolish to fall into the trap of scientism, which holds that science can eventually solve all human problems or discover some hidden truths in the real world behind the daily world we feel and experience. However, he fully supports the view that science is regarded as a phenomenological, practical and therefore less ambitious activity. Of course, the post-modernism definition of science is still controversial, and it will be wrong to quote it casually. Scientific definition: a summary of the law of material change under certain conditions.
The characteristics of science: repeatable verification, falsifiability and self-consistency. Popular science is short for popularization of science. Telling one's own arguments and conclusions, so that readers can verify that this conclusion is a repeatable regular (scientific) process, which is called popular science. Superstition means that you don't want the listener to verify it, but you just want the listener to accept the form of communication that expresses your views. Unconfirmed acceptance is also superstition. Science is not necessarily truth, but the pursuit of science is truth. There are two aspects in scientific research: one is to reveal the essential characteristics and laws of everything in the universe, and the other is to reorganize the original state of everything to make it something with certain performance and meet people's actual needs.
Teaching science to people who have no ability to understand or verify should be called enlightenment education, which is mostly used to talk about scientific knowledge when children don't know the basic scientific verification methods. This does not apply to theoretical confrontation, which mainly focuses on evidence. School textbooks are standard popular science books, which can stand scrutiny and experimental proof. Superstition is not necessarily wrong, everyone is not all-rounder, and will trust the authority and experts of superstition to a greater or lesser extent without verifying them. So superstition is not terrible. But if you can't tell science from superstition, you may not know science from pseudoscience.
Recognition refers to the recognition of both sides of the conversation, not empty fingers. For example, the identification of "eight planets" refers to the adoption of resolutions by scientific conferences, rather than the fact that most people in the earth science community know or admit that the latter standard is not easy to verify. But scientists sometimes make mistakes: for example, Aristotle is the greatest scientist of his time, but his theory that heavy objects fall first needs to be corrected. Revised statement: In the free-fall experiment, if two objects are subjected to the same air resistance in opposite directions, and other conditions are exactly the same, the heavier object will land first. (Note: Original conclusion: The best experiment is not to use two balls with different weights, but to compare people with parachutes with small stones, and the stones fall first. ) 1888 Darwin once defined science: "Science is to sort out facts, find laws from them and draw conclusions". Darwin's definition points out the connotation of science, that is, facts and laws. Science should discover unknown facts and seek truth from facts on this basis, instead of pure thinking fantasy divorced from reality. As for the law, it refers to the internal and essential relationship between objective things. Therefore, science is a knowledge system based on practice, tested by practice, and strictly demonstrated by logic about the nature and laws of motion of various things in the objective world. Cihai (1979 edition): "Science is a knowledge system about nature, society and thinking. It was born and developed to meet the needs of the people's production struggle and class struggle, and it is the crystallization of the people's practical experience. " Cihai (1999 edition): "Science: a knowledge system that uses categories, theorems, laws and other thinking forms to reflect the essential laws of various phenomena in the real world. French Encyclopedia: "Science is different from common sense at first, and science seeks order in things through classification. In addition, science tries to explain things by revealing the laws that govern them. Encyclopedia of the former Soviet Union: "Science is the category of human activities, and its function is to summarize and systematize the knowledge about the objective world. The concept of' science' itself includes not only the activities of acquiring new knowledge, but also the results of such activities. Introduction to Modern Science and Technology: "It can be simply said that science is systematic knowledge that truthfully reflects the internal laws of objective things. "For a long time, people always equate science with materialism, which is actually wrong. Science is the law that expresses the objective world, and we habitually think that materialism is right. In fact, materialism is not necessarily right. China's happiness research: "What is science? Science is a theory about studying the existence of objective things and its related laws.