Zhang Li believes that the newly revised Compulsory Education Law pays attention to the balance of compulsory education, which has strong practical pertinence. In the past 20 years, compulsory education has made remarkable progress in the world. More than 65,438+070 countries have adopted legislation and announced policies to implement compulsory education. Although the number of years is different, they are all aimed at ensuring the basic rights of school-age children to receive education. In particular, the education for all campaign, which started from 1990, has made this kind of education, which belongs to national behavior, a highly concerned and jointly promoted action by the international community. Since the 1990s, the compulsory education in China has undergone earth-shaking changes, such as the realization of "universal nine" as scheduled. These changes show that our understanding and practice of protecting citizens' basic right to education have improved to a new level. Everyone urgently feels that when compulsory education is popularized to a certain extent, the fairness and balance of opportunities will be mentioned in a more important position. 1986 "Compulsory Education Law" gives priority to solving children's academic problems, while the newly revised "Compulsory Education Law" focuses on what kind of education children receive: education with a large gap or education with a relatively balanced region? These changes in the international and domestic background will inevitably make the newly revised Compulsory Education Law pay special attention to balanced development.
Despite the new development of compulsory education in various parts of China in recent years, there are still obvious educational imbalances between urban and rural areas, between regions and between schools. Regarding this phenomenon, Jin Yang believes that since China is still in the primary stage of socialism, the economic and social development in various places is inherently unbalanced, especially the contradiction between urban and rural dual structure is prominent. In addition, after the reform and opening up, China has actually adopted the policy orientation of "giving priority to efficiency and giving consideration to fairness" in economic and social development, thus forming the urban-rural imbalance, regional imbalance and inter-school imbalance in basic education, and this imbalance is still expanding in some places and aspects.
Therefore, Jin Yang believes that the newly revised Compulsory Education Law truly establishes the concept of fair and balanced development, rationally allocates educational resources, and guarantees the equal right of all children to receive compulsory education. Because education equity is not only an important content of a harmonious society, but also an important foundation and realization way of a harmonious society. Compulsory education is a public welfare undertaking that the state must guarantee and a pure public product. Although the direct beneficiaries of compulsory education are individuals, it is related to the quality of the nation and the fate of the country, and to the realization of social equity and the construction of a harmonious society. Therefore, the fairness of compulsory education is the most basic fairness.
Balance has become an important indicator to test whether government responsibility is in place.
What policies and measures have been formulated in the newly revised Compulsory Education Law to ensure balanced development? On this issue, Jin Yang explained to reporters in combination with specific terms:
In order to promote the standardization of the conditions for running compulsory education schools, Article 16 stipulates that "school construction shall conform to the standards for running schools stipulated by the state". Article 22 stipulates that schools shall not be divided into key schools and non-key schools. Schools may not set up key classes and non-key classes.
The balanced allocation of teachers is an important aspect of the balanced development of compulsory education. Article 32 stipulates: "The education administrative department of the people's government at the county level shall allocate school teachers in their respective administrative areas in a balanced way, organize the training and mobility of principals and teachers, and strengthen the construction of weak schools."
Regarding the guarantee of compulsory education for children with disabilities and children of floating population, Articles 19 and 43 explicitly guarantee the right of disabled children to receive education in various ways. Article 12 clearly stipulates: "If school-age children and adolescents whose parents or other legal guardians work or live outside their domicile receive compulsory education, the local people's government shall provide them with the same conditions for receiving compulsory education."
In order to effectively strengthen compulsory education in rural areas and promote the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, Article 47 also stipulates that the State Council and local people's governments at or above the county level shall set up special funds according to actual needs to support the implementation of compulsory education in rural areas and ethnic minority areas. At the same time, Article 44 stipulates that people's governments at all levels shall provide free education to school-age children and adolescents with financial difficulties and subsidize the living expenses of boarders.
Jin Yang said that it can be seen that the provisions of the newly revised Compulsory Education Law on promoting the balanced development of compulsory education are quite clear and comprehensive.
"In the process of revising the compulsory education law, there is a basic value orientation-more balanced allocation of compulsory education resources." Zhang Li said, "This will inevitably involve funds, teacher allocation, school conditions, principals, supervision and other aspects."
"It should be emphasized that Article 22 clarifies that the main responsibility for balanced development falls on the government." In this regard, Zhang Li believes that the government's responsibility in compulsory education is to promote equal opportunities and ensure equal opportunities in education, which is a remarkable feature of this revision. The political basis for making this major legal amendment was gradually improved after the 16th Party Congress. A series of important documents issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China require the government to take greater responsibility in "social management and public services" by deepening the reform of administrative system and transforming government functions. In the field of education, an important sign is to see whether compulsory education is placed in the scope of public financial security, whether legal responsibilities are understood in place, and then to implement the improvement of financial allocation, teacher allocation and teaching conditions. Whether compulsory education is balanced has become an important indicator to test whether the government's responsibility is in place. Therefore, revising the Compulsory Education Law is not only a major issue in the development of education, but also a very important measure to build a public service-oriented government under the conditions of socialist market economy.
Speed up the cleaning up of rules, policies and systems that are inconsistent with the new law.
Recently, local education administrative departments and schools are studying the new compulsory education law. From what aspects should we implement the balanced development of education? In the process of implementation, where are the difficulties and key points?
On this issue, Zhang Li believes that the newly revised compulsory education law emphasizes "the implementation of the system under the leadership of the State Council, the overall planning and implementation by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the management by the people's governments at the county level". To implement the balanced development of education, we must first implement the management system. If the management system is not implemented, it will be difficult to say later. In particular, it is necessary to seriously study and understand the newly revised Compulsory Education Law, and different regions should have specific implementation plans.
The difficulty of educational balance should not be underestimated. Zhang Li noticed a hot issue: What will the key schools and model schools formed in history look like once they are completely exempted from miscellaneous fees? He believes that according to the newly revised Compulsory Education Law, all school-age children and adolescents are admitted to school without examination, and they are guaranteed by the local government to enter the school nearby, which is completely included in the scope of financial security. There are no key schools and key classes. In the long run, financial resources can no longer be invested in these key schools and demonstration schools alone, and school selection or disguised school selection fees are not allowed, but the act of transforming into private schools is explicitly prohibited by law. Therefore, the only prospect is that in the compulsory education stage, the school-running conditions are up to standard, the per capita financial allocation is at the same level, and the principals and teachers rotate their posts regularly, gradually narrowing the gap between the original key schools and other local schools, but it still needs a process to be fully realized. If parents want to choose a school or have other special needs, they must find a private school.
Jin Yang believes that in order to study and implement the Compulsory Education Law and promote the balanced development of compulsory education, the basic education system should first have a full understanding, unify its ideological understanding with the provisions of the Compulsory Education Law, earnestly fulfill its legal responsibilities, and in particular, speed up the clearing of rules, policies and systems that are inconsistent with the Compulsory Education Law, and profoundly review the practices that have been used in the past but violate the provisions of the newly revised Compulsory Education Law. It is necessary to take the lead in strictly implementing the provisions of the compulsory education law by taking practical actions of governing education and schools according to law, and do more "giving charcoal in the snow" instead of "icing on the cake" to narrow the gap in compulsory education caused by man to a minimum, and earnestly further implement the focus of compulsory education work to run every school well and pay attention to the healthy growth of every child.
Secondly, we should conscientiously implement the "two basics" plan in the western region, the modern distance education project in rural primary and secondary schools, the reform of rural compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism and other major policies and measures to promote the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education.
Thirdly, the provincial education administrative department should comprehensively clean up all kinds of experimental classes held by schools in the compulsory education stage in the region, and further clarify the examination and approval authority and procedures. Without the approval of the administrative department of education, no department, unit or individual may hold experimental classes in schools. If it is really necessary for education and teaching reform to be held, the quantity and scale should be strictly controlled, and the funds needed for carrying out the experiment should be solved by the examination and approval department as a whole, and no additional fees should be charged to students.
Jin Yang pointed out in particular that the gap in the development of compulsory education in China is not only related to the objective regional differences and urban-rural differences in the primary stage of socialism in China formed by historical reasons, but also related to the imperfect public finance system, unreasonable resource allocation and other factors, and also related to educational concepts and policies in a period and in some places. In recent years, the practice in Shanghai, Chengdu, Shenyang, Tongling and other places has proved that the balance and fairness of compulsory education can be gradually realized as long as the government and education departments can face up to this problem and constantly enhance their sense of responsibility and mission. (China Education News)