Compared with ancient education, modern education is the product of modern production from the perspective of productivity and education development history. Refers to/kloc-education after the industrial revolution began in Britain in the 0/8th century, and the machine industry replaced the original workshop handicraft production. Modern education is based on modern large-scale machine production, and it is in a modern society based on commodity economy. Therefore, compared with ancient education, it has new characteristics.

1. Education is gradually popularized, and the target of education is constantly expanding.

Modern social science and technology are widely used in the production of large machines. Productivity and science and technology interact and develop rapidly. Complex labor makes it impossible for workers to operate only by their own physical strength and traditional skills. Workers must have a certain level of education, scientific knowledge and production technology, understand the performance of the machine and be able to operate the machine correctly. And with the transformation of science and technology into the primary productive force, this requirement will be higher and higher. The ancient education that destroyed humanity, divorced from reality, complicated philosophy and strict hierarchy, and the primitive manual family and guild education handed down from generation to generation can no longer meet the needs of mass production. Cultivating laborers and scientific and technological talents needed for modern large-scale machine production requires systematic study and special training in school education. Great changes have taken place in the function of school education, which not only trains talents for the ruling class to manage the country and enterprises, but also trains ordinary workers. Education needs to be popularized. The goal of education needs to be expanded. Even in the early days of capitalist society, not to mention the struggle pressure of working people on the right to education, it is to develop production and obtain high profits. Capitalists themselves should popularize education, extend the years of compulsory education, and train and train working people. Especially since 1950s, with the wide application of new technologies such as computer, bioengineering, optical fiber and laser, and the development and utilization of new generation technologies such as new materials, new energy and information science, in the fierce international competition, scientific creation, advanced and skilled technology and the quality and talent of laborers have become important factors for political and economic development. People of insight, including the bourgeoisie, realize that in the face of fierce competition, investing in education and developing intellectual resources is more beneficial than investing in material resources, so they attach great importance to education. Countries all over the world generally increase education funds, extend the years of compulsory education, speed up the modernization of educational means, strengthen vocational and technical education, carry out adult continuing education and carry out a series of educational reforms. They regard education as the strategic focus of their country's economic, political, military and social development, and education is becoming more and more popular.

2. Combination of education and productive labor

Modern large-scale machine production based on modern science and technology requires the broad masses of workers to understand science and technology, be familiar with production principles and master modern production knowledge and skills. Such workers' cultural quality is the foundation, and the quality of production technology is the condition. Without the education of production and the production process of education, it is difficult to cultivate them. Only through school education closely combined with productive labor can a large number of skilled workers, technicians and managers be trained. Therefore, modern society objectively requires that education must be combined with productive labor, adapt to the requirements of modern production and national economic development, and reflect the requirements of production. This is the objective law of the development of social productive forces. As Marx and Engels pointed out: "The combination of productive labor with intellectual education and sports is not only a way to improve social production, but also the only way to cultivate people with all-round development." At present, the combination of education and productive labor has become the development trend of modern education, which has been widely concerned by all countries in the world and has become an important feature different from ancient education.

3. Science education and improving education level.

Due to the development of modern production and the progress of science and technology, modern education has increased a lot of scientific and cultural knowledge, social and historical knowledge and new scientific research achievements in content. All kinds of schools at all levels have complete courses including humanities and natural sciences, which is more conducive to the development of students. In the form of teaching organization, due to the gradual popularization of education and the continuous expansion of educational objects, the individual education organization form of ancient school education can no longer meet the needs of educational development. Taking collective teaching as the basic feature, we should cultivate all kinds of talents at all levels that are suitable for modern large-scale production organization forms.

At the same time, it should be noted that China's socialism is based on semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, and the feudal ideas and bourgeois decadent ideas left over from the old society still exist to some extent; In order to give priority to the development of productive forces, in the primary stage of socialism, after being overthrown as the ruling class, the exploiting class, in addition to adhering to public ownership and distribution according to work, retained other economic components and distribution methods as supplements, which will also become the basis of some non-socialist ideas; We need to absorb and make use of all advanced civilization achievements created by all countries in the world, including developed capitalist countries, to develop socialism. We should open up, invigorate and utilize foreign capital and technology. The wind of capitalism will continue to blow to us. All these will affect the life attitude and educational concept of many people in our country. As a social phenomenon, class struggle will exist for a long time in a certain range, which is mainly manifested in bourgeois liberalization and the struggle of the Four Cardinal Principles. This kind of struggle is closely related to and intertwined with the international hostile forces trying to subvert China's socialist system and the struggles between us, such as infiltration and reverse osmosis, subversion and anti-subversion, peaceful evolution and anti-peaceful evolution, and sometimes it is quite sharp and intense. Therefore, improving people's socialist consciousness has become an urgent task to consolidate the socialist system. We must vigorously develop education in the primary stage of socialism.