[Edit this paragraph] 1, general of the Republic of China Wang Zhen (1887- 1930), general of the Republic of China. A native of Baofeng, Henan Province, was born in Greenwood. Later, Zhao Ya and Han Yukun took care of them. He has served as head of Song Zhenjun, brigade commander, commander of the fourth division and commander of the second army. 1927 take refuge in feng bu. 1929 took refuge in Han Fuqu, served as commander-in-chief of the western Henan Guard Corps, and participated in the Central Plains War. 19301June 13 was lured to death by Jiang Zhi of Chu in Yanling. [Edit this paragraph] 2. Wang Zhen, a eunuch in the Ming Dynasty, was the first eunuch in the Ming Dynasty. He used to be a very failed teacher, but he entered the palace by castration, and was favored by Ming Yingzong. He began to monopolize power, collude with others, interfere in state affairs, and kicked off the eunuch empire. In order to build the so-called great achievements, Wang Zhen, an idiot, has no idea what fighting is. He encouraged the emperor to attack himself first, and he went his own way when commanding the army, but he did not prepare food. The successive mistakes made the Ming army very tired and complained, which was greatly broken by the Walla cavalry in the civil fort. As a result, the emperor became a prisoner and took his own life. Eunuch system in Ming dynasty
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was very good at drawing lessons from the failure of the previous dynasties. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he imposed extremely strict restrictions on eunuchs in view of their experiences and lessons in destroying the country. He once laid down rules and regulations forbidding eunuchs to read and write, forbidding eunuchs to hold civil and military titles as foreign ministers, forbidding them to wear the crown clothes worn by foreign ministers, and the grade should not exceed four. There is also a 3-foot-high iron card hanging at the entrance of the official, which is engraved with "Minister of the Interior? Eunuch? Don't interfere in political affairs, the foreseeer will be beheaded. Zhu Yuanzhang was really strict with eunuchs. Once there was an old eunuch who worked as a tweezer and served Zhu Yuanzhang for decades. Once he spoke carelessly, talking about the government affairs of the court, and Zhu Yuanzhang sent him home at once.
After Wen Jian ascended the throne, the control over eunuchs became stricter, and the left and right eunuchs were often punished for negligence. Disgruntled, these eunuchs defected to Judy's army or provided him with secret information. Eunuchs also contributed to the fact that Ming Chengzu was able to invade Nanjing and take away his nephew's country. After Judy proclaimed herself emperor, all these eunuchs demanded a reward. Judy had no choice but to let them interfere in North Korea's state affairs, so he sent them everywhere to supervise or guard the army and collect taxes and buy these things. As for Zheng He's voyages to the West, several trusted eunuchs went abroad, and it was these people who really had this talent. Zheng He's seven voyages to the West greatly inspired the prestige of the country, even the generals of the Ming Dynasty at that time could not do it. However, it is indisputable that the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty have been reused since they became ancestors in the early Ming Dynasty, and the East Factory he founded has been criticized by later generations. But on the whole, Ming Chengzu's control over eunuchs was not bad.
Eunuchs began to read and write from Xuanzong, the grandson of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. Xuanzong was a very successful emperor in the early Ming Dynasty. He did not reuse eunuchs, but the sage "Sanyang" at that time. But Xuanzong treated eunuchs very well, and he even issued letters of exemption from death to several eunuchs he loved. Words praise the United States, similar to the iron ticket of the founding fathers. He also set up an inner study in the palace, where Chen Shan, a university student, taught eunuchs to read. Although the eunuchs did not reach the level of authoritarian chaos, the conditions were ripe. Enter the palace
So Wang Zhen, the first autocratic and chaotic eunuch in the Ming Dynasty, stood out. Wang Zhen was Yuzhou in the early Ming Dynasty? Today, he is from Yuxian County, Hebei Province. He has a little knowledge of Confucian classics and later worked as an instructor. However, it is too difficult for him to win the honor of being a juren and taking the Jinshi exam. So he castrated himself and entered the palace.
History calls Wangzhen "cunning" and is good at observing people's wishes. After Wang Zhen entered the palace, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty liked him very much, so he was appointed director of the East Palace Bureau to serve the Crown Prince, the later Emperor Yingzong. At that time, there were many eunuchs in the palace, and he was not necessarily superior in adultery and treachery. For example, Emperor Xuanzong loved eunuchs such as Jin Ying, but Wang Zhen failed to deprive Yeong-jae Kim of his post. At the sight of Yingzong, he is like a fish in water, and no one can live without anyone. Serve the prince
Xuanzong died in the first month of the tenth year of Xuande (1435), and Yingzong ascended the throne and was reformed into orthodoxy. At this time, Yingzong was only 9 years old and could not handle state affairs himself. Zhang Taihou (Yingzong's grandmother) listened to politics. Although Zhang Taihou was in charge, he did not deal with state affairs, but left all state affairs to the cabinet minister "Sanyang"? Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu? Handling, this is also a good tradition of the Ming dynasty, but there is no exclusive affairs of the empress dowager in the Ming dynasty. After Yingzong acceded to the throne, he naturally reused people he liked. Wang Zhen surpassed the former eunuch Jin Ying and others and became the most powerful eunuch among eunuchs. This is a very normal thing, once every emperor and courtier, eunuchs are no exception.
Silijian was the most important of the 24 eunuch yamen in Ming Dynasty. In charge of the eunuch affairs in the palace, the prefect of the East Factory and other secret institutions, in charge of all the rules and documents inside and outside the emperor, and handed down imperial edicts on behalf of the emperor. Because of this important duty, it has always been served by eunuchs as the emperor's confidant. Later, with the formation of the "draft ticket" system, the emperor's final ruling opinion was written on the memorial with red pen by the eunuch in charge of the ceremony, which was called "approving the red". After the memorial was "approved", it was submitted to the cabinet for drafting and issuing imperial edicts. The eunuch mastered the power of "criticizing the red" and actually became the spokesman of the emperor. These eunuchs are always around the emperor, and they are good at observing and catering to the emperor. They often take advantage of the emperor's weakness of living in seclusion and having little contact with foreign court officials, deceiving his superiors and deceiving his subordinates, passing false letters or distorting letters to betray his traitors. Yingzong handed over such an important official position to Wang Zhen, paving the way for him to take power in the future.
But Zhang Taihou bowed to his knees and was loyal to Sanyang. Because they are all the elders of the previous dynasty, and they have high prestige, Wang Zhen knows that it is difficult to compete with them, but he dare not be presumptuous. He had to play both sides, bide his time, and then steal power. Therefore, he was courteous to Zhang Taihou and Sanyang, trying to please them? Their goodwill. On one occasion, Zhu Qizhen, the British emperor, and the little eunuch were playing ball in the court and were seen by Wang Zhen. The next day, in front of Sanyang and others, Wang Zhen deliberately knelt down and said to Yingzong, "The first emperor was a ball and almost missed the world. Your majesty recovered it today and tried to lead the country! " Pretending to be loyal, he is very concerned about the future and destiny of the country. Hearing this, Sanyang was deeply moved and sighed and said, "There are such people among eunuchs!" Every time Wang Zhen went to the cabinet to convey the emperor's will, he pretended to be very respectful and careful. He has been standing outside the door without entering the cabinet, which deeply touched Sanyang. Later, when Wang Zhen came to deliver the message again, Sanyang broke the convention and invited Wang Zhen to sit in the room. Yang Sanzi has the highest strategy. Knowing that the three of them were old, they discussed with Yang Pu and Yang Pu to introduce some honest and talented people into the cabinet in advance and cultivate the power of foreign ministers. Once the three of them abdicated, these people could deal with Wang Zhen's influence. It's just that I thought of this step a little late.
On the surface, Wang Zhen fawned on Sanyang, obeyed everything and pretended not to interfere in politics, but deep down, he could not resist the desire to seize power. Whenever there is an opportunity, he tries to seize power and do some activities to interfere in state affairs. When there was no one around Yingzong, he often advised Yingzong to control his officials with heavy codes, opposed holding "banquets", advocated civil administration, and suggested that Yingzong develop the military and govern the country by force. Therefore, Yingzong once asked him to lead the minister of civil and military affairs of North Korea to the Chaoyangmen military parade. Wang Zhenze took this opportunity to suppress truly talented people, and reported his private party Qin Long right-back commander Ji Guang as riding and shooting first, and was suddenly promoted to the governor.
Zhang Taihou is wise and virtuous. She was very depressed when she saw that Wang Zhen gradually seized power and failed in state affairs. She was afraid that the history of eunuch dictatorship in the previous dynasty would repeat itself and ruin Daming's country. She was determined to further alert Yingzong to the eunuch dictatorship, and prepared to severely punish Wang Zhen, so as to dispel Wang Zhen's idea of trying to interfere in state affairs. One day, Zhang Taihou made the female officials in the palace put on uniforms and swords, and stood guard beside the toilet hall, solemn and solemn. Then, the Queen Mother called Yingzong and Zhang Fu, Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu, Hu Huan and other ministers to the temporary hall. At first glance, Yingzong and the five ministers didn't know what had happened. Yingzong quickly stood in the east, and the five ministers stood in the west. The queen mother looked at the five ministers, then at Yingzong, and then pointed to the five ministers and said to Yingzong, "These five ministers are the elders of the former dynasty and were instructed by the former emperor to help you govern the country. If you have anything, you must discuss it with them. If they don't agree, you must never do it. " Then Zhang Taihou called him in and ordered him to kneel on the ground. He said with an expression: "Since Mao came to power, eunuchs have been forbidden to interfere in political affairs, and offenders will be investigated." Now, if you don't obey the rules when serving the emperor, you should die according to my Daming law. "The queen mother's words just say that finish, a few prearranged female officer answer, put the tool rest on Wang Zhen's neck. Wang Zhen suddenly turned pale and trembled with fear. Yingzong was surprised when he saw it, so he knelt down to plead for Wang Zhen. Five ministers also knelt down and asked the Queen Mother to avoid Wang Zhen's death. When Zhang Taihou saw this, his anger eased and he changed color. "Your Majesty is young. I don't know that these eunuchs have endangered the people's country since ancient times. For your sake, I spared Wang Zhen, but from then on, he was not allowed to interfere in state affairs. If he violates it, he will be punished. Wang Zhen listened, nodding, kowtowing to give thanks. "。 Since then, Zhang Taihou has sent people to the cabinet every few days to inquire about Wang Zhen's actions, and whether there are things that Wang Zhen decided by himself without going through the cabinet. After this lesson, Wang Zhen was really honest for a while.
Wang Zhen did not hesitate to lower his status, carefully served the royal family and relatives in the palace, and finally became a eunuch. For a time, he was elated and didn't know what to do. Who knows, "Sanyang" and other senior officials are highly respected, and Zhang Taihou is particularly strict with him. His desire to control state affairs is difficult to realize, and his heart is really unhappy. But there is nothing we can do, so we have to stop on the road of interfering in state affairs and take the method of bending over and stretching our arms, waiting for the opportunity to show off. Wang Zhen knew that it was very important for him to master English sects firmly and cultivate partisans. To this end, he changed his strategy and stopped doing things that directly interfered in state affairs. Instead, he further courted Yingzong, secretly made friends, and cultivated a large number of private parties, laying the foundation for future authoritarian power. Soon won the praise of some ministers and further won the favor of Yingzong.
In October of the sixth year of orthodoxy (144 1), the reconstruction of the three halls of Fengtian, Gai Hua and Jinsheng was completed, and Yingzong held a grand banquet in the palace to celebrate. According to the rules of the court system in the Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were not qualified to attend court banquets anyway. But at this time, Wang Zhen has won the favor of Yingzong. Yingzong couldn't see Wang Zhen at the party, as if something was missing. He sent someone to visit him soon. When Wang Zhen saw the visitor, he compared himself with Duke Zhou and complained, "Duke Zhou helped him become king. Why can't I just sit at the party?" The messenger reported Wang Zhen's words to Yingzong. Yingzong not only didn't blame him, but felt that Wang Zhen had been wronged. He ordered to open the middle gate of Donghua Gate and let Wang Zhen enter the palace to attend the banquet. As soon as Wang Zhen arrived at the door, officials in the palace bowed to him to welcome him. This incident fully shows that although Wang Zhen is restricted by Zhang Taihou and Sanyang, his power is still growing. Have all the power
In the seventh year of orthodoxy, Zhang Taihou died of illness and lost the person who had the most control over Wang Zhen. At this point, Yang Rong died in orthodoxy for five years, and Yang Shiqi resigned due to the murder of his son. Only Yang Pu was in the DPRK, and Yang Pu was old, and there was no Yang Rong in his calculation. Ma Yu and Cao Yun, college students who introduced Yang Rong into the cabinet, are too junior and lack prestige, and all the conditions for Wang Zhen to take power are ripe. Yingzong was an emperor who often fainted. He doesn't care about politics because of greed, but he trusts Wang Zhen too much. He immediately believed everything Wang Zhen said and thought it was the most pleasant and correct. Li Xian, a great scholar in his later years, was in good order in his political affairs. He is an emperor who is sometimes confused and sometimes bright.
Wang Zhen saw that all the obstacles that prevented him from taking power were removed by the laws of nature. Of course, it was easy to win the regime of the Ming Dynasty. He had already seen Ming Taizu's iron plate hanging on the door of the palace, which prohibited eunuchs from interfering in state affairs. The first thing to do was to take it down. Later, he built many buildings in Beijing and built himself a mansion. He also built Zhihua Temple to seek happiness for himself.
Wang Zhen once suggested that Yingzong should use heavy codes to treat officials, and he himself was even more so. Anyone who listens to him and flatters him will be promoted immediately; Anyone who disobeys him will be punished and demoted immediately. Seeing Wang Zhen's growing power, some bureaucrats began to pay bribes to get promoted. There is a doctor in the Ministry of Industry named Wang You, who is the best flatterer. One day, Wang Zhen asked Wang You, "Assistant Wang, why don't you have a beard?" Wang You shamelessly replied, "Sir, how dare I have a son without a beard?" In a word, Wang Zhen is so cute that he was immediately promoted to assistant minister of industry. Xu Xi and wang wen also, who are good at flattery, were promoted by Wang Zhen to be ministers of the Ministry of War and governors of various departments. He also promoted his nephews, Wang Shan and Wang Lin, to be bosom friends, and took charge of the affairs of the Royal Guards. Ma Shun, Guo Jing, Chen Guan and Tang Tong were also placed. In various important departments, they are dead set on their cronies. Zhang Song, a politician in Fujian, gave Wang Zhen tens of thousands of dollars from corrupt officials and was immediately promoted to minister. In this way, from the central government to the local governments, a small group with Wang Zhen as the core has rapidly formed.
For those courtiers who were slightly dissatisfied and even wanted to compete with themselves, Wang Zhen's thunderbolt method was immediately used mercilessly. One day in the eighth year of orthodoxy (1443), a corner of Fengtian Temple was damaged by lightning. Due to this natural disaster, Yingzong made a special request for words and asked the ministers to tell the gains and losses. Liu Qiu, assistant minister of Hanlin, suggested that "the emperor personally handles government affairs and does not let power move down". Wang Zhen saw that Liu Qiu's suggestion had violated him and flew into a rage. He immediately ordered Liu Qiu to be arrested and imprisoned. At this time, when Lin Dong, the editor, was put into prison by Wang Zhen for asking to be too long, Wang Zhen wanted to kill Liu Qiu through the Lin Dong incident. Immediately instructed his party member Ma Shun to extort a confession by torture, forcing Lin Dong to admit that his invitation to Tai Changqing was instigated by Liu Qiu. Liu Qiu was forced to give in. Wang Zhen ordered Liu Qiu to be executed and dismembered her body. When one minister and another heard about it, they were afraid to talk about it. There is also a captain Xu Shilu, who one day scolded his servant eunuch Bao at home. Wang Zhen felt sorry for the rabbit and put it in the Royal Guards Prison. Yingzong fully agrees with what he has done and always calls him Mr. Wang to show his respect. When courtiers meet the emperor, they have to wait. Even the princesses call Wang Zhen Weng's father, and ministers can only worship him. Even more shameless people think that Wang Zhen is michel platini.
However, some people would rather die than surrender. Once, when Li Duo met Wang Zhen without bowing, he was arrested, put into prison and later exiled to Tieling Wei in Liaodong. Xue of Dali Temple is a fellow countryman, but he hates autocracy and doesn't associate with him. Once, when we met in the East Pavilion, all the officials bowed down, except Xue. This may annoy Wang Zhen and make him bear a grudge. Later, a conductor in Beijing died of illness. Wang Shan, his nephew, wanted to take his concubine Yue's home as his own, but the wife of the train conductor disagreed. Susan Wang conspired with Yue's family, falsely accused Yue of poisoning her husband and arrested him for trial. During the trial of the case, Xue found that the accusation was inconsistent with the facts, that is, upholding justice and vindicating his wife, which was once again violated. When he heard about this, he was very angry and immediately ordered his followers to accuse Xue of accepting bribes from the defendant and demand that Xue die. During the execution, his sons struggled to be punished for their father, and Wang Wei, his servant and assistant minister, also stood up to defend Xue. When he saw the public's anger, he had to lift Xue's death sentence, but he still dismissed the official and cut his position and put it back to his hometown.
Wang Zhen likes money as well as power. Some people give gifts to Wang Zhen every time they go to court for promotion and wealth. Some shameless people, in order to please Wang Zhen, tried their best to help Wang Zhen receive gifts, and publicly announced the number of gifts. For example, Wang You once said in front of everyone that some people gave something to Wang Zhen, while others didn't. As a result, the person who gave the gift was promoted, and the person who did not give the gift was punished. As a result, people gave Wang Zhen gifts ranging from as much as $1,000 to as little as $100. For a long time, giving gifts to Wang Zhen has become an unwritten rule in the palace. If someone doesn't give gifts, he will also be punished. For example, Li Shimian, a wine-offering ceremony in imperial academy, once suggested rebuilding imperial academy and developing education. However, he is honest, does not flatter Wang Zhen, does not pay bribes or give gifts, and only accepts according to the system, causing Wang Zhen's dissatisfaction. Later, Wang Zhen punished Li Shimin for wearing a heavy cangue in front of imperial academy on the pretext that Li Shimin cut off some branches of the ancient trees in front of imperial academy. Li Shimin stood in the scorching sun for three days, and his 1000 students wrote to demand the release of Li Shimin. A student, Shi Dayong, wrote a letter to the emperor and was willing to replace the teacher himself. Wang Zhen felt ashamed when he read the newspaper. Imperial academy's assistant Ji Li pleaded with the Empress Dowager through her father Zhong Sun, and the Empress Dowager told Yingzong, who knew nothing about it. Seeing too much pressure, Wang Zhen released Li Shimin. And Yu Qian, a loyal minister, was preparing to go to Beijing to see the emperor in the eleventh year of orthodoxy (1446). His friend suggested that he take some gifts to Wang Zhen. He resolutely disagreed, remained uncorrupted and came to Beijing. As a result, Wang Zhen secretly ordered his henchmen Li Xi to put him in prison and sentenced him to death. Later, under the pressure of Shaanxi and Henan officials and the people petitioned by Fokker, Wang Zhencai exempted Yu Qian from the death penalty. Wang Zhen greatly incited her arrogance with the love of Yingzong, and the fierceness of this flame reached its peak.
Wang Zhen is like this, using his power to seek personal gains and vigorously promoting those who flatter him; At the same time, they brutally suppressed those who opposed their own autocracy and didn't respect themselves. Wang Zhen was bribed all over the world, he was corrupt, and his family had more and more wealth. Later, Wang Zhen lost money, with more than 60 treasuries of gold and silver, more than 65,438 +000 tracts of jade, more than 20 coral trees six or seven feet high, and countless other rare treasures, showing the extent of corruption and bribery.
After Wang Zhen took control of the state affairs, he not only struggled with different factions in the party, but also played politics, opportunistic and destroyed the border defense, which eventually led to the invasion of Valla nobles. Civil engineering change
Vara is a part of Mongolia. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, some Mongolians retreated to Mongolian grasslands and northeast China. After several attacks by Zhu Yuanzhang, internal chaos occurred and gradually split into three parts: Tatar, Wala and Wuliangha. In the early Ming Dynasty, the three armies surrendered to the Ming Dynasty, and horses paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty every year.
After Yongle, among the three Mongolian films, Vala became stronger and stronger. When Xuande proclaimed himself emperor, Vara gradually took control of Tatar, and in the early years of orthodoxy, he conquered Wuliangha and unified the three Mongolian departments. After the unification of Mongolia, Wala constantly harassed the Ming Dynasty, which became a serious border problem in the north of the Ming Dynasty.
Wang Zhenli used his power. Instead of strengthening the defense of the northern border, he accepted the bribe of Valla and conducted smuggling transactions with Valla nobles. In order to make a profit, Wang Zhen asked his best friend, eunuch Guo Jing, who was guarding Datong, to make a large number of arrows privately every year and give them to Valla, who returned them to Wang Zhen in return. In order to please Wasi, Wang Zhen also treated his envoys with gifts and increased their remuneration. Since the establishment of the "Communist Party" relationship with the Ming Dynasty, Valla has sent envoys to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty every year with good horses and other items, and the Ming government has also given corresponding rewards according to the number of tribute items. Under normal circumstances, the value of the returned items slightly exceeds the value of the tribute items, and the tribute should be given to the other party. Therefore, in order to obtain the wealth of the Central Plains, Vala was very willing to pay tribute to the Ming Dynasty. According to the original regulations, Valla's envoys who paid tribute to the Ming Dynasty should not exceed 50 people every year. Later, Vara's desire to give back to the Ming Dynasty became stronger and stronger, and the number of tribute envoys increased day by day. In the early years of orthodoxy, the number of Wala envoys often increased to more than 2000. Wang Zhen increased the number of envoys sent to Walla Thorne, and rewarded them according to the number, without any restrictions, which made Walla's appetite bigger and bigger.
In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), the leader of Walla even sent more than 2,500 envoys to join the league, and in order to get more rewards, he falsely reported that it was 3,000. It is often the case that Ambassador Varagon gives something on his own initiative. Because Wang Zhen colluded with Walabri and accepted the bribe first, Walabri pretended not to know. This time, Wang Zhen was uncharacteristically asked not to give rewards according to the actual number of people, and rashly reduced the price of Vaarama workers by four-fifths, paying only one-fifth of all the things that Vara advocated. Ambassador Varagon was dissatisfied and returned angrily, adding fuel to the report to Xian Ye. First, under the pretext of reducing rewards in the Ming Dynasty, the soldiers were divided into four ways to attack the Ming Dynasty on a large scale and lead the army to attack Datong.
Walla's army was fierce and advanced rapidly to the south. The soldiers guarding the northwest in the Ming Dynasty fought several defeats and rushed to the capital for help. Wang Zhen, who knew nothing about military affairs, knew little about Vara's military attack. He thought that letting Yingzong go on an expedition in person would scare off the Vara soldiers. So, in order to win by luck, he tried his best to encourage Yingzong to follow Song Zhenzong's personal expedition, which was not fully prepared in the Ming Dynasty, in order to leave a good reputation in history. On weekdays, Yingzong followed Wang Zhen's advice. This time, after listening to Wang Zhen's words, he also thought that personal expedition was a good opportunity for him to show his talents, so he made a personal expedition decision without consulting the ministers and announced that he would leave immediately in two days.
After Emperor Yingzong issued the imperial edict, Minister of War Kuang Yin and Assistant Minister Yu Qian thought that the Ming army was not prepared enough, so it was not appropriate for the emperor to make a personal expedition rashly. Wang Zhi, the official minister, also led the ministers to say, "Now autumn and winter are over, the weather is hot, the drought is coming back, the grass is not abundant, the spring is still blocked, and the horses and chariots are not fully used. Besides, driving a car is ok. In case there is something urgent to play in all directions, how can we get there as soon as possible? Other unexpected disasters are inevitable. " I hope the emperor will cancel the decree of personal expedition and choose another general to go to war. However, Yingzong listened to Wang Zhen and refused to listen to all the ministers' advice. He insisted on personal expedition.
Within two days, Wang Zhen and Yingzong assembled 500,000 troops, provided some food and weapons casually, and set off in a hurry. At that time, together with Yingzong and Wang Zhen, there were more than 65,438+000 civil and military officials, including Zhang Fu, Minister of War Kuang Yin, Minister of Household Affairs Wang Zuo, Cao Nai and Zhang Yi. However, Yingzong refused to let them participate in military and political affairs, leaving all military and political power to Wang Zhen alone. The expedition was hastily prepared and poorly organized. Shortly after joining the army, the army was in a state of self-shock Before reaching Datong, the army was already short of food. People are dying and zombies are all over the road. Coupled with the days of wind and rain, people are nervous, and they have not yet reached the front line, and their morale has been unstable. Some accompanying officials, seeing this scene, once again asked Yingzong to return to the army. Hearing this, Wang Zhen flew into a rage. In order to set an example for others, special punishments were given to Song Yin, the minister of the Ministry of War, and Wang Zuo, the minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, so that they knelt on the grass until dark. Later, Peng Deqing, a colleague of Wang Zhen, protested against the astronomical phenomena, but Wang Zhen refused to listen and still forced everyone to move on.
First, I heard that Yingzong pretended to retreat by personal expedition and lured the Ming army into Datong and its northern region. On August 1 day, Wang Zhen and Yingzong successfully entered Datong. When they saw Valla's army retreating to the north, they thought that Valla was afraid of the British clan's personal expedition and insisted on continuing to the north. Kuang Kun and others deeply felt that it was not a good sign to see a soldier and an arrow on Waci Ping Road, fearing that Waci Ping would be tricked. Therefore, he once again requested to return to the army and reminded Wang Zhen not to ambush in the Vane. Wang Zhen still wouldn't listen. The next day, Guo Jing, Wang Zhen's accomplice and eunuch guarding Datong, tipped off Wang Zhen, saying that if he continued to advance northward, he would "hit the nail on the head". Hearing Guo Jing's words, Wang Zhen was afraid, hurriedly ordered, and retreated from Datong the next day.
At first, Wang Zhen wanted to withdraw his troops from Zijingguan (now northwest of Yixian County, Hebei Province) in order to let Yingzong use his mansion to show his prestige to the elders in his hometown through his hometown Yuzhou. So ... Wang Zhen was ordered to return to Beijing via Zijingguan. Wang Zhen didn't go to war with Walla, or it hastily withdrew its troops, and the military discipline was even more chaotic. After walking forty miles, Wang Zhen suddenly remembered that a large group of people passing through Yuzhou would certainly destroy the pastoral crops in his hometown, so he changed his mind and quickly ordered the diversion to the east and marched in the direction of Fu Xuan (now Xuanhua, Hebei). At this time, Vala knew that the Ming army fled without fighting, and quickly pursued the whole army. The situation is very tense. Deng Guo, a general of Datong, and Cao Nai, a university student, proposed to Wang Zhen: "From then on, it is only forty miles away from Zijingguan. When adults return to Beijing from Zijingguan, it is not appropriate to take the road of Xuanfu, so as not to be chased by the Walla army. " Wang Zhen wouldn't listen, but insisted on turning to Fu Xuan.
The Ming army detoured back to Fu Xuan on August 10. At this time, navarre's army has followed. Yingzong quickly sent obedient Wu Kezhong and commander-in-chief Wu Keqin to lead the patrol to cover Yingzong's retreat. As a result, they all died in battle. Lord protector, Zhu Yong and others of the British Sect rode thirty thousand troops to stop the attack. Zhu Yong and others ventured into Yaoerling and fell into a tight encirclement. Although the battle was brave, it was outnumbered and 30 thousand troops were wiped out.
When Zhu Yong led the army to stop Waci, Wang Zhen stepped up its retreat. 13, retreat to the civil fort (now southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province). It's only 20 miles away from Huailai City, and the accompanying officials all advocate camping in Huailai City. However, Wang Zhen thought that 65,438+10,000 military vehicles could not arrive, and he was afraid that what he found would be lost, so he ignored the safety of Yingzong and hundreds of thousands of troops and ordered to camp in the civil fort. Kuang Yin repeatedly asked Yingzong to enter Juyongguan first to ensure safety, and at the same time organized elite troops to retreat and refuse the enemy. Wang Zhen ignored. No way, Kuang Kun broke into the Yingzong hall alone and asked Yingzong to hurry up. When Wang Zhen saw this, he was furious and scolded, "You rotten scholar, how can you know how to fight?" If you talk nonsense again, you will die! " Immediately ordered Wu Tuqiang to drag Kuang Kun out.
The next day, Yingzong wanted to move on, but it was too late. Waci troops surrounded the civilian fortress. The terrain of the civil fort is high, and there is no spring water beside it. There is a river south of 15, which was also occupied by the Waci army. Hundreds of thousands of troops in the Ming Dynasty were besieged for two days, with no water to drink and their throats smoking with thirst. There was no way, so Wang Zhen had to let the soldiers dig a well on the spot, but they dug more than twenty feet deep and didn't see a drop of water. The soldiers were anxious like ants on hot bricks, complaining and cursing, and their morale was further weakened.
Knowing that the Ming army could not find water to drink, the Waci army surrounded the civil fort prepared to lead them out of the fort and annihilate them in one fell swoop. On June 5438+05, 2005, he also sent a special envoy to the Ming army, pretending to make peace with Wang Zhen to paralyze the Ming army. Wang Zhen was overjoyed when he saw that he had sent someone to negotiate first. He doesn't distinguish between true and false, but he readily agrees. Through Yingzong, he asked Cao Nai to draft an imperial edict and sent two people to the barracks to discuss specific peace issues.
First, in order to confuse the Ming army, pretend to retreat, deliberately give up the river south of the civil fort, and secretly prepare for an ambush, only to wait for the Ming army to fight in chaos and send troops to destroy it. When Wang Zhen saw the Waci army retreat, he thought that the Waci army really wanted to make peace, so without analysis, he easily ordered the camp to be moved to the water. After the hungry soldiers got the order, they rushed to the river, while the Ming army rushed to flee everywhere, and the tiles were ambushed everywhere, and the Ming army was defeated. There was no hope for Yingzong to break through, so he simply jumped off his horse, faced south, sat cross-legged and tied it up while waiting. After a while, Waci soldiers rushed up, and a soldier came forward to strip Yingzong's armor. When he saw that his armor was different, he knew that he was not an ordinary person, so he pushed him to see Xian Ye's younger brother, King Saikan. When the King of Tournament questioned Yingzong, Yingzong asked, "Who are you? Are you the first, or Bo Yan Timur, or the king of the championship? " King Saikan felt that Yingzong had a big voice, so he immediately reported it first, and sent an envoy of the Ming Dynasty who stayed in the Waci army to identify it, only to know that it was Yingzong.
When Yingzong was captured, Fan Zhongwan, the general who escorted Yingzong, was very angry. He swung a hammer at Wang Zhen's head and smashed it hard. Wang Zhen, an evil official who brought disaster to the country and people, ended up in a shameful end.
In the change of Minbao, Yingzong was captured, 500,000 troops were defeated, and almost all of the recruited 100 civilian military commanders were killed in the battlefield. When the news reached Beijing, officials howled in the palace. Later, the Empress Dowager held back her tears and ordered Yingzong's younger brother to become the king of Zhu Qiyu to supervise the country. Chen Jian, an imperial envoy, and others played the role of king and enumerated Wang Zhen's crimes. They said indignantly, "Damn Wang Zhen." If His Highness hadn't punished his family, I would have died here today. "After that, I can't afford to kneel. At this time, Wang Zhen's best friend Ma Shun also sheltered Wang Zhen and drank wine. Wang Hong was furious when he saw that Ma Shun was still putting on airs. He stepped forward and grabbed Ma Shun, punched and kicked him, and killed him on the spot. Angry people killed Wang Zhen's other two best friends, Mao Gui and Wang Chang, on the spot. Then, King Zhu Qiyu ordered the killing of Wang Zhen's nephew, Wang Shan, and Wang Zhen's clan, and dragged Ma Shun's body to the street for public display. Wang Zhen's family, regardless of age, were beheaded and lost Wang Zhen's property.
Later, Yingzong believed that Wang Zhen died for his country after all, and his spirit was immortal. In the year of re-enthronement (1457), 10, a painted clay statue was erected for Wang Zhen in Zhihua Temple in Lumicang Hutong, Beijing, and a monument was erected for him. The incense in Zhihua Temple is very prosperous, and the court attaches great importance to it. It was renovated once in the fifth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1577), and a Hall of Blissfulness was added in the twentieth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 168 1 year). Zhihua Temple is still on the original site, and some of the statues preserved in it have the style of Ming Dynasty.