Infrastructure includes transportation, post and telecommunications, water supply and power supply, commercial services, scientific research and technical services, landscaping, environmental protection, cultural education, health services and other municipal public works facilities and public life service facilities.
It is the common material basis for the production, management, work and life of all enterprises, units and residents, the guarantee for the normal operation of major urban facilities and the important condition for material production and labor reproduction. Infrastructure construction refers to social projects such as improvement and transformation of infrastructure.
Infrastructure construction includes the construction of municipal public works facilities and public life service facilities such as culture, education, health, environmental protection, transportation, posts and telecommunications, water supply and power supply, scientific research and technical services. Infrastructure is a material engineering facility that provides public services for social production and residents' life, and it is a public service system used to ensure the normal social and economic activities of a country or region. Infrastructure can be divided into rural infrastructure and urban infrastructure according to its location.
Features of infrastructure:
1. Priority and foundation: Public services provided by infrastructure are essential for the production of all goods and services. Without these public services, other goods and services (mainly direct production and business activities) will be difficult to produce or provide.
2. Non-tradeability: Most infrastructure services are difficult to import through trade. A country can finance and introduce technology and equipment from abroad, but it is unthinkable to directly introduce airports, highways and water plants from abroad as a whole.
3. Integral inseparability: In general, the infrastructure can only provide services or provide services effectively if it reaches a certain scale. Used in highways, airports, ports, telecommunications, water plants and other industries. Small-scale investment cannot play a role. For example, the power station dam should not be built only in the middle of the river, the airport runway should not be unfinished, and the light rail connecting the two cities should not be built only in half.
4. Quasi-public goods: Some infrastructure services are relatively non-competitive and non-exclusive, similar to public goods. Non-competitiveness means that the production cost of goods will not increase with the increase of consumption places, that is, the marginal cost is zero. Non-exclusiveness means that when someone uses the services provided by infrastructure, it is impossible to prohibit others from using them; Or it can only be banned after paying a high cost.