1. Educational research: It belongs to the category of scientific research, and it is in or about education. Generally, it refers to creative activities that systematically, purposefully and systematically study the occurrence, development and changes of specific educational phenomena by using scientific methods, so as to explain the essence of education, solve problems existing in educational reality and improve the quality of education. He will follow the following principles. Moreover, this kind of educational research is also divided into several categories, so we will look at it one by one and analyze it.
2. Classification of educational research: ① basic research and applied research ② quantitative research and qualitative research ③ macro research, micro research and meso research ④ literature research, field research and laboratory research ⑤ descriptive research and exploratory research ⑤ historical research, realistic research and advanced prediction research ⑤ educational value research and educational fact research (1) Basic research: aimed at exploring the universal laws of education and clarifying the principles and purposes of education. Educational means and other issues are aimed at constantly understanding and understanding human educational activities, grasping the laws of their own activities, clarifying the relationship between education and other social subsystems, developing and perfecting educational theories, and answering the "why" question in education.
(2) Applied research: Its main purpose is to apply or test the theory, evaluate its role in solving practical problems in education, and answer the questions of "what" and "how to do it". It takes the practical problems encountered by front-line educators in the process of educational practice as the basic research object, applies the theory of basic research to practice, solves practical problems or provides useful knowledge, methods and experience for solving practical problems, so as to improve the specific educational environment and improve the quality and efficiency of education.
(3) Quantitative research: also known as quantitative research, it is a method to accurately describe and explain educational facts by means of mathematics, physics and other tools in order to discover universal educational laws.
(4) Qualitative research: Also called qualitative research, it refers to a method to gain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of educational phenomena through in-depth, meticulous and long-term observation, experience, investigation and analysis with an open research attitude.
3. Defining variables (1) Abstract definition: also known as conceptual definition, it summarizes the common essential attributes or characteristics of variables in an abstract conceptual sense.
(2) Operational definition: define the meaning of variables according to the observable, measurable and operational characteristics, that is, describe the operation of variables from specific behaviors, characteristics and indicators, and transform abstract concepts into observable and testable items.
4. Make the content of the research plan: The research plan needs to answer four basic questions: what to study, why to study, how to study and how to achieve results. It includes the following contents:
① Research topic ② Briefly describe the purpose and significance of the research topic ③ Basic content of the research topic, what problems are expected to be broken through ④ Research ideas and methods, research work plan and schedule ⑤ Work basis and research conditions ⑤ Prediction orientation and application scope of research results ⑤ Budget estimate and instruments and equipment to be purchased.
5. The meaning of classroom observation: classroom observation is an educational research method that researchers (observers) have a clear purpose and rely on their own senses (such as eyes and ears) to collect data directly or indirectly (mainly directly) from classroom situations. ) and related auxiliary tools (observation platform, audio-visual equipment, etc. ) Make corresponding analysis according to the data.
6. The meaning of educational action research: it is a research method that school teachers cooperate with outside experts to put forward improvement plans for practical problems and get research results through implementation, verification and revision in practice.
7. The common sampling method (1) is simple random sampling: it also becomes simple random sampling, characterized by random sampling. Specifically, there are two ways: one is to draw lots, and the other is to use random number targets.
(2) equidistant sampling: also known as systematic sampling, mechanical sampling or interval sampling. This sampling method is to arrange the individuals in the group in a certain order, determine the sampling interval according to the sample size requirements, and then randomly determine the starting point, and extract an individual every certain interval, which is a variant of simple random sampling.
8. Research hypothesis: the preset answer to the research question. Specifically, research hypothesis is an answer given in advance by researchers according to empirical facts and scientific theories, and it is also a prediction and judgment of research results.
9. Narrative research: Educational narrative is a reflection on a problem in the process of education and teaching. Past experiences can be life stories provided by interviews or literary works, or field notes or personal letters from anthropologists to record stories he or she observed.