Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) was born in Yanbuling, Linchuan County, Northern Song Dynasty (now Deng Jia Lane, Linchuan District). Outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer.

Wang Anshi was born in an official family. He was diligent and read widely since he was a child. He traveled north and south with his father and got in touch with some social realities. Understand the painful life of farmers. Therefore, when he was young, he made the ambition of "changing the world". After entering the Jinshi at the age of 22, he served as the magistrate of Huainan, Yinxian, Zhou Shu, Changzhou and Jiangdong Prison, all of whom were sympathetic to the people's feelings and promoted local interests. In the third year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (1058), when he was the judge of the degree of support, he wrote thousands of books to Song Renzong, which profoundly exposed the decadent atmosphere of the official system, the imperial examination and the extravagant style, demanded political reform and strengthened border defense, and put forward the financial management principle of "collecting the wealth of the world for the expenses of the world", but it did not attract the attention of the court.

1067, Zongshen ascended the throne, and Wang Anshi became the magistrate of Jiangning (now Nanjing), and served as a bachelor and lecturer of Hanlin. In the second year of Xining (1069), he took part in politics and worshipped the Prime Minister the following year, that is, he began to implement political reform. The new financial laws include average loss law, young crops law, market law, exemption law, farmland water conservancy law and so on. On the military side, there are the laws of setting generals, protecting armor and protecting horses. At the same time, reforming the imperial examination system and cultivating talents to implement the new law have restricted the exploitation of farmers by big landlords and businessmen to a certain extent and promoted the development of farmland water conservancy. The country's financial situation has improved and its military strength has been strengthened. However, due to fierce opposition from conservative forces such as Sima Guang, the implementation of the new law has been repeatedly blocked, and Song Shenzong has been shaken from time to time. In the seventh year of Xining, Wang Anshi was forced to resign and was later appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning. In February of the following year, he was re-appointed as Prime Minister. Soon, he went on strike because he offended Zongshen by defending the new law, and retired to the Mid-Levels Garden in Jiangning, where he was named "Jing Guogong" by the court. Later generations called him king.

Lenin, the revolutionary mentor, once called Wang Anshi "1 1 the reformer of China in the century". The reason why Wang Anshi dares to be the first in the world and is determined to reform is dominated by his own progressive philosophy. He believes that everything in the world is composed of Jin Mu's five elements of fire, water and earth, and regards "the distinction between the old and the new" as the law of natural development and change, thus establishing the fearless spirit of "insufficient natural change, insufficient ancestors and insufficient human speech". These progressive ideas also shine brilliantly in his literary works. His prose is famous for its vivid charm and is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are vigorous and fresh, heroic and heroic. Unfortunately, most of his works have been lost, and there are only a few articles left, such as Wang Linchuan's Collection, Linchuan Collection, Three Classics' New Meanings and Laozi's Annotation.

In order to commemorate this ancient outstanding politician, thinker and writer, the people's government built the Wang Anshi Memorial Hall in Linchuan District. 1986 After the museum was completed in winter, Chinese and foreign visitors came in an endless stream.

Shakespeare in the East-Tang Xianzu

Tang Xianzu (1550- 16 16), whose meaning remains unchanged, is also known as Ruoshi, also known as Hai Ruo and Picard Road flyover. An outstanding playwright and writer in Ming Dynasty, he has an important position in China and the history of world literature, and is known as "Oriental Shakespeare".

Tang was born in Yunshan Township, Linchuan County, and later moved to Jiashan (now Linchuan District). Tang Xianzu was smart and studious since childhood, and was promoted at the age of 2 1. Because he refused to attach himself to powerful people, he was learned and famous, and he entered the Jinshi at the age of 34. Later, he served as Dr. Taichang, the master book of Zhanfu and the priest of Liyue Temple. In the 19th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (159 1), witnessing the corruption and anger of bureaucrats at that time, he appeared in Assistant Minister and Shangshu, impeached the great scholar Shen Shixing, shocked the court and angered the emperor, and was demoted as Xu Wendian's history. Later, he was transferred to Suichang County, Zhejiang Province for five years with remarkable achievements. However, he suppressed the powerful and angered them, attracting disapproval from superiors and opposition from local forces.

When Tang Xianzu was a teenager, he studied under Luo Rufang, the main figure of Taizhou School, and was influenced by Song Xuesi, an anti-traditional school. When he was an official in Nanjing, he was influenced by Li Zhi, Daguan and others' anti-Neo-Confucianism thoughts, and his profound understanding of the corrupt society at that time made him a progressive scholar at the forefront of the times, which was also an important factor for his great success in literary career.

Among Tang Xianzu's achievements in many aspects, drama creation is the most important. His dramatic works, Purple Hairpin, Conan, Peony Pavilion and Handan, are collectively called Linchuan Four Dreams, among which Peony Pavilion is his masterpiece. These plays are not only loved by people in China, but also spread to Britain, Japan, German, Russian and many other countries, and are regarded as the treasures of world drama art.. In addition, Tang's monograph "The Temple of Qingyuan Opera in Yihuang County" is also an important document on drama performance in the history of China opera. It played a pioneering role in directing. Tang Xianzu is also an outstanding poet. There are four volumes of the Complete Works of Tang Yuming, one volume of Hongquan Yicao, and two volumes of Asking about Acacia.

After the founding of New China, the relevant departments made a comprehensive and serious arrangement of Tang Xianzu's works and published the Collected Works of Tang Xianzu. In order to commemorate this great dramatist and writer, the people's government built Tang Xianzu's cemetery-Tang Yuming Theatre, which has a memorial room for Tang Xianzu. 1982 10 In October, the Central Ministry of Culture, the Chinese Dramatists Association, the Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Culture and the Jiangxi Branch of the Chinese Dramatists Association jointly held a conference to commemorate the 366th anniversary of Tang Xianzu's death in Fuzhou Tang Yuming Theatre. The Tang Xianzu Memorial Hall built by the People's Government has been completed and opened.

Yan Shu (99 1- 1055), a native of Wengang Township, Linchuan County, Northern Song Dynasty, was a famous poet.

He was extremely smart since he was a child. At the age of seven, he was known as a "prodigy", and at the age of fourteen, he was a scholar. He has served as a servant of Taichang Temple, a teacher of Guanglu Temple, a captain of Jixian County, a teacher of Taichang Temple, a minister of the Ministry of Housing, a bachelor of Hanlin, a third secretary, an assistant to the Senate and a political adviser. At the age of 53, he was appointed as the special envoy of the Tang Dynasty and served as the prime minister. In the second year, he was demoted to the post of Minister of Industry, and later became the local governor of Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui Province), Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) and Xuzhou (now Xuchang, Henan Province), and later promoted to the post of Minister of Industry. Song Renzong died at the age of 64 and attended the funeral. After his death, Sikong and Shi Zhong gave him a gift and posthumous title.

Yan Shu knows the duty of perfection. Fan Zhongyan, Daofu Kong and other contemporary celebrities are well known. Han Qi, Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi are all highly valued. The couplet "peaches and plums in front of the court value Europe and the Soviet Union, and people in the class are rich" is a true portrayal of his selection of talents and abilities. Yan Shu also attaches great importance to training talents and is enthusiastic about education. 1027, when he was in Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), he "built a university to teach students", which quickly revived the education that had been abandoned since the Five Dynasties, reflecting his strategic vision and practical spirit of learning from the stars and cultivating talents.

Yan Shushan's long poems are particularly skillful. His poems inherit the style of Southern Tang Dynasty, follow the "Quincy Style" and win with emotion. Literary dictionaries are elegant, interesting, unique, fresh and elegant, subtle and euphemistic, warm and harmonious, and full of interest. It has the reputation of "leading the way of Song Ci" and "the ancestor of musicians in the Northern Song Dynasty". Among them, there are many beautiful sentences that have been sung through the ages, such as "I can't help falling flowers, but I feel deja vu" and "the pear flower garden melts the moon and the catkin pond is light". His works include Zhu Yu's Ci and Yan Yuan Xian Yi Wen, all of which have been handed down from generation to generation.

Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1282) was a famous politician and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word Lushan, also known as Song Rui, is from Ji 'an, Jiangxi. At the age of twenty, he won the top prize, and the official was the right prime minister. In the second year of Deyou (1276), Yuan soldiers surrounded Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), and Wen Tianxiang went to make peace with the Yuan army, and was detained and escorted north to Zhenjiang. He had to flee the south with his comrades-in-arms and went to Wenzhou to support the Sect, trying to recover and move to the southeast. Yuan soldiers went south and rose up again and again to resist. Jingyan was defeated and captured for three years (1278) and imprisoned in Yanjing (now Beijing) for four years, unyielding. Forty-seven

Wen Tianxiang's poetry creation can be divided into two periods. In the early stage, there were many poems about things and entertainment, but few excellent ones. Later poems were written with blood and tears, with deep and passionate feelings and strong appeal. Most of his anti-Japanese war poems were included in South Guide, Later Guide and Little Silver Collection. These poems are the crystallization of the poet's patriotic spirit, full of hatred for the enemy and love for the motherland, and embody the spirit of being unyielding, rich and extravagant, poor and humble. His poem "Who can live or die since ancient times, and the heart of keeping Dan is a shining star" (Crossing the Zero Ocean) shines brilliantly in the history of national liberation in China. Song of Justice narrates the immortal deeds of national heroes in the history of our country in the form of five ancient times, praises the patriotic tradition of the Chinese nation, and shows the sacred integrity of the Chinese nation. Others such as Crossing the Huaihe River, Feeling, Jinling Post, Early Autumn and Niannujiao? Farewell to friends in posts, saying "Man Jiang Hong" are all treasures in China's literary treasure house. He is good at using various techniques to create images, combining lyricism, discussion and narration, and revealing his thoughts and feelings from a specific artistic realm. For example, in 1278, he was taken to the north, passed by Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and wrote seven laws "Early Autumn" and eight poems. Each capital was a concrete picture, which wrote the sad mood of autumn from different angles. Finally, he points out the pain of national subjugation with two poems: "Six Dynasties are infinite, scratching your head when the sun sets, thinking when you are independent", which vividly outlines the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people. His poetry is bold and unrestrained, passionate and generous, and his language is simple, which inherits and develops the excellent tradition of China's poetic realism. The poem "My heart is a magnet, it doesn't mean that the south will not rest" (Yangtze River) not only explains the origin of the name "South Guide", but also summarizes the poet's political thought and poetic creation tendency. The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan has been handed down from generation to generation.

Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) was born in Luling (present-day Ji 'an), Jiangxi Province. His name was Yongshu, and his old age was Liu Yiju.

He lost his father when he was a child and his family was poor. His mother taught him to read with reeds, and he studied hard. At the age of 24, he was a scholar, and later served as a bachelor of Hanlin and deputy prime minister, and actively participated in Fan Zhongyan's "Li Qing Innovation". At the same time, he is also the leader of the ancient prose reformist school in the Northern Song Dynasty, with excellent articles and poems. He actively rewards others, and Wang Anshi, Su Dongpo and others are all supported by him.

Ouyang Xiu's prose has made outstanding achievements, and its position in the history of prose development is similar to that of Han Yu in the middle Tang Dynasty. Political essays occupy a large proportion in Ouyang Xiu's prose. Most of these works are sketchy, generally good at reasoning, strict in logic and prominent in the center, but there are also some euphemistic changes. For example, masterpieces include Parting Theory, Imprisonment Theory and Original Disadvantages Theory.

Ouyang Xiu once wrote The History of the New Five Dynasties and co-edited The Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Song Qi. His accurate understanding of history makes Ouyang Xiu's historical papers very distinctive. Biography of Lingguan in the History of the Five Dynasties is a masterpiece of his historical theory. Based on the historical fact that Li, a disciple of Zhuangmen in the late Tang Dynasty, indulged in pleasure and prided himself on being a happy official, which led to the death of his country, this paper explains the universal law of "worrying about work can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die", which is insightful and thought-provoking.

Ouyang Xiu's essays are also very distinctive. This kind of article is often not just about traveling and taking notes, but about writing a scene, an event and a person, expressing one's life feelings and pinning one's life ideals. Famous ones such as Fengle Pavilion and Zuiweng Pavilion.

Ouyang Xiu's prose on Ci and Fu is mainly lyrical, such as Ode to the Chanting and Ode to Autumn Sound. Different from the previous law fu, Ouyang Xiu's lyric small fu is mostly prose, which integrates discussion, writing and lyric, and is more flexible and free in form.

Zhu (1130 ——1200 >) was born in Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Father Zhu Song, a scholar, has a profound insight into Cheng Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. Because he didn't agree with the proposal, he offended Qin Gui, lost his official position and stayed at home. He takes teaching as his career and abides by Confucius and Mencius. His father Zhu is very strict with him. He was not only strictly taught by Confucian classics, but also educated on "the rise and fall of success and failure in ancient and modern times", educated him to care about the safety of the country's society and social reality, and established his thoughts and beliefs of resisting gold and winning. Zhu strictly abides by his father's instructions and studies hard. In his youth, he carefully studied the main works of Confucianism, extensively dabbled in various theories and styles of study, and made great progress in his studies. /kloc-became a scholar at the age of 0/9 and was awarded the master book of Tongan County, Quanzhou. He served in Nankang Army for two years and one month.

In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong ascended the throne, prepared to use Zhang Jun to send troops to resist the gold, and issued a letter to collect courtiers at home and abroad to state their political views. Zhu immediately wrote a letter to the emperor, pointing out in "Renwu Yingzhao" that "this plan is nothing more than political affairs, and there is no time for Man Zi", and proposed three major measures to the emperor. In the second year, Xiaozong summoned Zhu in the vertical arch hall, and Zhu made three moves: the first move suggested that the emperor visit the true Confucianism and explain the way of "university", based on self-cultivation. The second is to point out that "the enmity between the monarch and the father is not mortal, and there is no enmity without fighting, and there is no victory without prevention." Third, it should be "a plan to attack and defend as one", which sharply criticized the situation that "the admonition (Tao) was smeared, and at that time it was still blocked (blocked) but fortunately (flattered). As a result, the emperor refused to adopt it. Zhu Jian can't live in seclusion in Linglong Building, a cold spring in Wuyishan, Chong 'an, giving lectures and seeking knowledge, and writing books. Since the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162 > During the fifteen years from) to the fourth year of Xichun (1 177), his academic thoughts became more mature, formed a complete system of Neo-Confucianism, and initially realized his long-cherished wish of the collection theory, which was quite famous.

Zhu's academic achievements embarrassed the imperial court. If you don't appoint him, you will be suspected of abandoning the sage. If appointed, I am afraid it will "interfere" with state affairs. After some research, I decided to send him to Nankang Army, a remote place. In the sixth year (1 179), in March, Zhu took office and ruled the county. At the beginning of his tenure, he "studied the classics and inquired about the sufferings of the people" and posted Notes on Knowing Nankang: First, in order to solve the social problem of Nankang's "declining people's strength and no desire to live in peace", I hope that scholars, elders, monks and nuns and ordinary people can know the source of advantages and disadvantages and learn from them. Secondly, the gentry are invited to get together with their elders in their hometown every year to teach their children faithfulness, so that they can learn from their fathers and brothers, learn from each other's strong points, be kind to their loved ones, live in harmony with their neighbors, share weal and woe, and achieve the beauty of customs. Third, the elders of the township party, the children elected by the people, enrolled in the school to study the classics. That year, Zhu called for exemption from taxes, and sent a secretary to join the army to "check the accounts of drought-damaged fields in counties and counties". After the autumn, he published an article "Persuading Agriculture" to persuade farmers to "take this opportunity to grow a variety of buckwheat and barley" to tide over the famine. Vigorously publicize Wang Wenlin's Farming Law and Mulberry Planting Law. In September of the following year, he initiated the reconstruction of the stone embankment on the Hunan side. "There are many people who work hard and are very diligent."

During his tenure in Nankang, Zhu personally inspected Bailudong Academy. I was extremely sad to see this site, which was once called "the four great academies in the world" with Yuelu, Zhiyang and Shigu, but I was full of praise for the beautiful natural environment of the academies. He said: "Look at its four walls, the mountains and rivers are clear and harmonious, and there is no noise of the streets. There is the victory of the spring stone, which is actually a place where people live together to give lectures. " Because "reading Lushan Mountain, the life of the old (Laozi, Taoist) Buddhists is ruined. As for the old Confucian scholar hall, there is only one place, but it has been abandoned for many years, so I can lament the decline of my Tao, and the intention of Emperor Taizong to train talents in Dunhua is not in this state, so as to pass it on to future generations. " "Its Lushan Bailuyuan Academy was built together", so I repeatedly asked the court, and Emperor Xiaozong finally approved the revival of Bailuyuan Academy. On the day when the Academy was completed, he drank wine and wrote a poem: "Rebuilding the old museum was a great success, and people from all walks of life should listen to Luming Literature. Why doesn't Third Master take a bath with Moping? An editor dares to discuss honesty. Deep source must be obtained from leisure, and wonderful use must be born from joy. Mo Wen has unlimited foreign relations, and this heart talks about this mountain alliance. " He also wrote "Mr. Gao Wen of Bailudong", and repeatedly asked Emperor Xiaozong to write a plaque for Bailudong Academy, give the imperial books and stone classics to the emperor's father, and supervise the nine classics. Based on years of educational experience, he personally formulated the canon of Bailudong Academy, namely: 1. Educational purposes: father and son are close, monarch and minister are righteous, husband and wife are different, young and old are orderly, and friends are trustworthy. 2. The order of learning: erudition, interrogation, deliberation, discernment and hard work. 3, the importance of self-cultivation: loyalty, respect, punishment of anger, relocation, improvement. 4, the importance of doing things: just friendship, not interests; Do what you know, regardless of merits and demerits. 5. The importance of the receiver: don't do to others what you don't want; Do whatever you want, do whatever you want. And step-by-step learning methods, intensive reading and careful thinking learning principles. This is a typical educational project with Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism as the guiding ideology. This canon is the earliest educational rules and regulations in the history of world education. It is not only a model of running a school in China's feudal society for 700 years, but also attracts the attention of the world education circle. Many foreign educators regard it as the subject of studying the educational system, and many foreign educators regard it as the subject of studying the educational system. He not only publicizes the college, formulates rules and regulations, often gives lectures in person, and goes to the college to ask questions with students every recess. Zhu is very strict about teaching. On one occasion, he went to Bailudong Academy to give lectures and wrote a poem to the students: "Zhu Lang wants to study hard, but Lao Zi is incompetent and sleepy. How many famous musicians in China, don't talk empty truth, and seek longevity. " In order to warn disciples to learn Confucianism, Bailudong Academy is the largest academy with the highest teaching quality in China, and scholars from all directions are eager to learn and come to study. Hu Yong, Shao Li, Lv Yan and Lv Tao in Jianchang, Huang Hao, Peng Xun and Peng Fang in Duchang, Feng Qi in Peng Li (now pengze county) and Zhou Ying in Yuko. , all specialized in learning, and later became an important figure in spreading Neo-Confucianism.

During his tenure in Nankang, Zhu made a remarkable political call in setting up education, rectifying official management, promoting advantages and eliminating disadvantages. After eight years in Xichun (1 18 1), he temporarily returned to his hometown Chong 'an. In Guangzong, Zhao Ruyu played a waiter and lecturer. When Han was in power, she refused Zhao Ruyu. In the year of Qingyuan (1 195), Zhao Ruyu stopped fighting. Zhu and Peng Guinian accused Han Feng, and both of them were offended. In the past three years, 59 people, including Zhao Ruyu and Zhu, wrote articles about "pseudo-learning against the Party", and Zhu was designated as the "head of pseudo-learning", which was called "Qingyuan Party Banning" in history. Two years later, Zhu died at the age of 72. Li Zong, a gift to a surname, memorial letter to lord protector, worship Confucius Temple.

Zhu Yisheng studied hard and cared about state affairs and people's feelings. At one time, he was determined to serve the court and devote himself to the country and the nation. However, due to the extreme political corruption in the Southern Song Dynasty and the constant struggle for power and profit within the ruling class, he suffered repeated setbacks in his official career and failed to succeed. Finally, he devoted himself to officialdom and became a famous philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. He paid extensive attention to classics and made different contributions to Confucian classics, history, literature, education, music and even natural science. Philosophically, he developed from Cheng Er's theory of the relationship between Qi and Qi into a complete system of objective idealism, also known as Min School and Kao Ting School. He believes that "reason comes first, and qi comes later", but his theory of the formation of the universe can accept ancient scientific achievements and advocate the theory of evolution of yin and yang, such as demonstrating geological changes (originally the ocean) from the remains of mussels on the mountain. On the theory of human nature, he emphasized the opposition between "righteousness" and "human desire" and put forward "eliminating human desire and preserving righteousness" to ease social contradictions. His view of social history advocates the restoration of three generations of rule, and he hopes that "Kong Zhou Road will always exist". His Neo-Confucianism has always been a theoretical tool for the feudal landlord class to rule the people. It was regarded as the authentic position of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. His style of study of exposition and accurate analysis had a great influence on later scholars. In the Tokugawa era, "Zhuzi Studies" was also quite popular in Japan. His academic research and lectures are closely combined, and the experience of teachers and students studying writing together is worth learning. His teaching practice experience has an influence on the development of later academies, the improvement of free lecture atmosphere and the strong academic research atmosphere. His academic works are numerous, including Notes on Four Books, Illustration of Taiji, Interpretation of General Books, Reading Book of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Complete Works of Zhu Zi and Stories of Zhu Zi. Among them, The Notes on Four Books became the standard of imperial examinations and textbooks.

Tao Yuanming (365-427), alias Mr. Wu Liu, changed his name to Qian in his later years. After his death, relatives and friends celebrated Jingjie privately. Chaisang people in Xunyang (now Jiujiang City) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Tao Yuanming was born in a ruined official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, made outstanding military achievements. He was an official of Fu, the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the eight countries, and Jing and Jiang were the secretariat of Changsha. Grandfather Tao Mao and father pottery have both done satrap.

When I was a child, my family declined, my father died at the age of eight, my mother died of illness at the age of twelve, and my mother and sister lived alone. Most orphans and widows live in their grandfather Meng Jia's house. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "If you don't share the same sky, you won't brag for many years and you will never be happy." . Good wine, more without chaos; As for forgetting pride, no one. "("Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition in the Jin Dynasty ") In the late Yuan and Ming Dynasties," deliberately lived in the world, and many people imitated their ancestors. "In the future, his personality and accomplishment are largely the legacy of his grandfather. Grandfather's family has a lot of books, which provides him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty, the literati took Zhuang and Lao as their ancestors and copied the Six Classics. He not only studied Lao Zi and Zhuangzi like ordinary literati, but also studied the Six Classics of Confucianism and "different books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trend of the times and the family environment, he accepted two different thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different interests: "aiming high" and "loving the mountains".

Tao Yuanming rarely has the ambition to "escape from the four seas" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). He was filial to Taiyuan for eighteen years (393). With the desire of "great help for life", he served as a wine sacrifice in Jiangzhou. At that time, the gate valve system was strict. He came from a civilian family and was looked down upon. He felt that he couldn't stand being an official and turned himself in in a few days. (Biography of Tao Qian in the Book of Jin) After he resigned and went home, the country called him the main book again, and he also declined politely. In the fourth year of Long 'an (400 years), Andi went to Jingzhou and joined Huan Xuan as a vassal. At this time, Huan Xuan was controlling the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, eyeing the opportunity to usurp the Eastern Jin regime. Of course, he refused to go with Huan Xuan and be the confidant of the careerist. He wrote in his poem: "How to get as far as Xijing without this." ("Xin Chou left for a night outing in July and returned to Jiangling") has remorse for Huan Xuan. "How can you drown in long-term love?" ("Two Poems by Gengzi in Mid-May, From Jingshi to Zhilin") made a deep sigh for the official life of Qu people. In the winter of five years in Longan, because his mother died, he resigned and went home. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huan Xuan sent troops against the imperial court, invaded Jiankang and seized the military and political power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan overtly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed his name to Chu, and imprisoned Andi in Xunyang. In his hometown, he devoted himself to self-financing and sang behind closed doors: "Under the tomb door, he is isolated from the world." Look around, who knows, Fei Jing is usually closed during the day. "Huan Xuan peanuts, disdain. In the third year of Yuanxing, the general, Xiapi Wudi and He Wuji set out from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province) to crusade against Huan. Huan Xuan defeated the West and brought Andy, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home to join the army under the protection of Emperor Wu of Song. Tao Yuanming was put into the shogunate after Emperor Wu of Song captured Jiankang. When Emperor Wu of Song crusaded against Huan Xuan, he followed the story of Tian Chou's loyalty to the Eastern Han Dynasty, disguised himself as a private traveler, ventured to Jiankang, and took Huan Xuan hostage to Andi to Jiangling, and returned to Emperor Wu of Song, realizing his desire to fight for the usurper. He happily wrote a poem: "I am not afraid of being ignorant at forty." I am famous for my car, and I want to be famous, too. "Although thousands of miles away, how dare you!" ("Mr. Murong" Chapter 4) After Emperor Wu of Song entered health, his style was quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has long been corrupted by the "abolition of all schools". After Emperor Wu of Song "set an example", he was banned by force (banned in advance). "Officials at home and abroad are all in awe and change customs." His personality, talent and achievements are quite similar to those of Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression on him. But soon after the curtain rises, Emperor Wu of Song killed Diao Kui and the innocent Wang Yu and his son in order to cut off the dissidents. And with an affair, Wang Shu, a confidant of Huan Xuan who everyone thought should be killed, was appointed as an important official such as Shangshulu and Yangzhou Secretariat. These dark phenomena disappointed him. In the poem "A Qubo, the Song of the First Town Army Joining the Army", I wrote: "My eyes are tired of mountains and rivers, and my heart is full of mountains and rivers." "Words and deeds will eventually return to the class and live in Lu." Then resign and live in seclusion. In the first year of Yixi (405), he was transferred to General Jianwei and Jiangzhou secretariat Liu Shenjun. In March, he was ordered to go to Jiankang to resign for Liu. After Liu left his post, he also left. In the autumn of the same year, his uncle Tao Kui introduced him as Pengze County Magistrate. After taking office for 8 1 day, I met a post sent by Xunyang County, and the official said, "Welcome him as a leash." He sighed: "I can't bend back to the village for fifty dou meters." He got permission to leave his job. Tao Yuanming's thirteen-year official career ended with his resignation from pengze county. These thirteen years were thirteen years in which he tried, disappointed and finally despaired in order to realize his ideal and ambition of "helping the poor". Finally, the poem "Return to Xi Ci" shows the determination to break with the upper ruling class and not do as the Romans do.

Tao Yuanming resigned and returned to his hometown, living a life of "land to the tiller, self-financing". His wife Zhai is like him. She is happy and humble. "Her husband plows the fields in front and her wife hoes the fields in the back." Working together to maintain her life is closely related to the working people. At the beginning of returning to the field, life was ok. "There are more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine straw houses, the back eaves of Liu Yin and the front of peaches and plums." Yuan Ming loves chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums are planted everywhere at home. "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" ("Self-Miscellaneous Poems") has always been the population of moxibustion. He is a heavy drinker and will get drunk when he drinks it. When friends visit, no matter how high or low, as long as there is wine at home, they will drink together. He got drunk first. He said to the guest, "I'm drunk, so I can go." For four years, Yixi lived in underground Beijing (now at the foot of Xiyujing Mountain in Xing Zi County) and moved to Lili (now Tao Lili Village, a hot spring in Xing Zi), making life even more difficult. If there is a bumper harvest, you can also "enjoy drinking spring wine and picking vegetables from our garden" to prevent "hunger in summer and sleeping at night" in disaster years. As we approached Yixi, an old farmer knocked at the door early in the morning, brought wine to drink with him, and advised him to be an official: "It is not enough to live high under a broken roof. I have been a Shang Tong all my life (right and wrong are not divided), I hope you are muddy (referring to the same stream). " He replied, "I was deeply impressed by my father's words and I was very angry." Fiber (enter) can be learned honestly, but it is not a mystery? Enjoy this glass of wine together. I can't drive back. "(Drinking) declined the old farmer's advice in a tone of" harmony but difference ". In his later years, his life became poorer and poorer, and some friends offered to give him money to help him. Sometimes, he can't help asking for a loan. His old friend was appointed as the magistrate of Shi 'an County in the first year of Jingping (423). After Xunyang, I went to his house to drink every day. When I left, I left 20 thousand yuan, sent them to the hotel and drank them one by one. However, he asked for a loan or accepted charity in principle. In the first year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (424), Tandaoji, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, paid a personal visit. At this point, he was sick and hungry for several days, and he couldn't get out of bed. Tan Daoji advised him: "Sages are alive, but if there is no way in the world, they will be hidden. Where there is a road, there is a road. This child (you) was born in the civilized world, why should he suffer? " He said: "I dare not look at sages, but I don't have that big ambition." Tan Daoji gave the meat to Liang, but he waved away. He resigned from his post and returned to his hometown for 22 years. He has been living a poor and rural life, but when he is old, his interest in keeping poor and honest is getting stronger and stronger. In the middle of September in the fourth year of Yuan Jia (427), when he was still conscious, he wrote three elegies for himself. In the last two sentences of the third poem, he said, "What if you die? It shows that he is so natural about death.

Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, sometimes revealing escapism. The thought of Lotte know life made Lao Zi and Zhuangzi known as "pastoral poets".