Basic Introduction Chinese Name: william ramsey Nationality: British Birthplace: Glasgow Date of Birth: 1852 10.2 Occupation: Professor Graduate School: Life Profile of Little Ramsey Tibingen University: prodigy, life, academic research, inert gas, linguist, major works, life profile Ramsey first studied organic chemistry, and later studied physical chemistry. During the period of 1874 ~ 1880, he was mainly engaged in the research of pyridine and its derivatives, and 1877 synthesized pyridine. From 1880 to 1894, the relationship between vapor pressure, critical state and surface tension of liquid and temperature was mainly studied. 1894 He cooperated with Rayleigh and discovered argon. 1895, he heated yttrium uranium ore in sulfuric acid to obtain a new inert gas, which was identified as elemental helium by spectrum with W. crookes, thus finding the so-called "solar element" on the earth for the first time. Ramsey studied the properties of helium and argon, pointed out that they belong to a new family in the periodic system, and predicted the existence of other elements in this family. 1898, when he fractionated liquid air, he discovered three new rare gas elements, named neon, krypton and xenon. 1903, he and F. Soddy proved that radium can produce helium. 19 10, he and W. Gray determined the atomic weight of radon and determined its position in the periodic system. Ramsey won the 1904 Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering rare gas elements in the air and determining their positions in the periodic system. Ramsey's main works include inorganic chemical systems, gases in the atmosphere, modern chemistry, elements and electrons. Ramsey Jr. in william ramsey was born on 1852+6543810.2, which gave his parents great joy. Old Ramsey was nearly 40 when he married his wife. They think they have no hope of having children. But soon, Mrs. Ramsey's pregnancy made them ecstatic, and sure enough, a smart and lovely little Ramsey was born the next year. The parents doted on the only child, and they tried their best to get Ramsey a good education. Ramsey likes nature, music, reading and book collection since childhood, and he likes learning foreign languages very much. Some of Ramsey's actions surprised the adults. Little Ram often sits in the Free St. Matthew Church in Glasgow, lonely as if listening to the teacher's sermon. Adults don't understand why this lively child can always sit here quietly. Ramsey, what are you doing? Once, a neighbor found Ramsey in the church again, holding a thick book in his hand. "Are you reading the Bible?" "Yes, sir." Ramsey said politely like an adult. The neighbor leaned down and saw Ramsey holding the Bible in his hand, but it was not in English, but in French. "Little Ramsey, do you know French?" "learning" Ramsey simply replied, pointing to another Bible beside him and saying, "Here is the German version." . The neighbors were surprised. He didn't expect Ramsey to be so caring and love learning since he was a child. In fact, Ramsey came to church for another purpose. There are many geometric figures embedded in the windows of the church. He wants to have a look to verify the geometric theorem he learned at school. Ramsey, a child prodigy in william ramsey, has been getting an A since he went to school. His fame is getting bigger and bigger, and he is called a "child prodigy". One day, Ramsey went to school as usual. When he got to school, a classmate told him, "The teacher wants you to go to his office." . Ramsey hurried to the teacher's office. "Ramsey, come in." The teacher gently asked him to come over. What can I do for you? Ramsey, we can't get along very often in the future. "Why?" Ramsey froze. "This is good news, Ramsey. We have received a notice from Glasgow College, and they have formally decided to admit you to their college without exception. " "Really?" Ramsey was overjoyed. Of course it's true, Ramsey. Congratulations. We will miss you. Thank you. I'll miss you, too. This 14-year-old college student went home happily and told his dear parents the good news. After entering the university, Ramsey continued to study hard. At this time, he became interested in chemistry. Although this course is not offered in the college, it does not prevent him from carrying out all kinds of interesting chemical experiments. His classmate Fife later recalled the situation when Ramsey first entered the university: "Ramsey was only fourteen years old when he first entered the university. We haven't studied chemistry yet, but he has been doing various experiments at home. The experiment was done in the bedroom. His bedroom is full of medicine bottles containing acid, salt, mercury and so on. We just met at that time, and he was good at buying chemicals and chemical instruments. In the afternoon, we often meet at my home and do experiments together. For example, hydrogen and oxygen are made, and oxalic acid is made from sugar. We also made many glassware and bunsen burner. Ramsey is an expert in making glassware. At that time, except for the flask and retort, all the instruments were made by ourselves. " William ramsey lived in Haycombe, Buckinghamshire, and died of nasal cancer on July 23rd, 2006. There is a middle school in Haywycombe, which was built in 1976 and named "Sir William Ramsay School" in memory of william ramsey. Academic Research Since 1887, william ramsey has been the head of the Department of Chemistry at University College London. The most famous research results of his life came from this period. From 1885 to 1890, he published several important papers on nitrogen oxides. These studies laid the foundation for his later more outstanding achievements. On the evening of April 1894, Ramsey listened to Riley's lecture. Rayleigh previously found that the density of nitrogen obtained by ammonium nitrite decomposition method is different from that of "nitrogen" extracted from air. After discussion, Rayleigh and Ramsey decided to explore the reasons for this phenomenon together. They immediately began to study this in their respective laboratories, and kept in touch almost every day to inform each other of the progress of their work. In August of the same year, Ramsey and Rayleigh announced the discovery of argon. 1895, he separated helium from yttrium uranium ore, proving that this element, which was previously observed only by French astronomer Pierre Janssen in the solar spectrum, also exists on the earth. In the following years, Ramsey discovered neon, krypton and xenon one after another. 1903, he cooperated with Frederick Sow to detect helium in radium radiation. In 19 10, together with Robert whitelaw Gray, he separated radon and determined that its density was the highest among the known gases. 1904, william ramsey was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for "finding inert gas elements in the air and determining their positions in the periodic table". Inert gas 1870, graduated from Ramsey University. After graduation, I went to Hedley to learn from Ben. A year later, I was recommended by my students to continue my studies at Tiebingen University, where I received my doctorate. 1880 was hired as a professor of chemistry by Bristol college and became the dean of the college two years later. At this time, another British chemist, Rayleigh, was studying the composition of air. After an extremely accurate quantitative analysis, he found that the nitrogen made of ammonia was one thousandth lighter than that made of air, which could not be explained by repeated research. So, he published this research fact in the British magazine Nature, hoping that someone could answer this question. After Ramsey found this article, he got Rayleigh's permission and began to study the composition of nitrogen in the atmosphere. His research method is to let air pass through hot magnesium, so that magnesium reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the air. Enough magnesium is equivalent to absorbing oxygen and nitrogen in the air. After repeated experiments, 79 of the 80 air volumes have been absorbed, leaving only 1 80. "Will this residual gas be all kinds of nitrogen?" Ramsey thinks so. However, after accurate spectral analysis, it is found that there are red and green spectral lines in the residual gas besides nitrogen spectral lines, and these red and green spectral lines can never be nitrogen. Then there is only one possibility: there is another unknown gas in the air. This kind of gas has little content, is extremely inactive and is not easy to interact with other substances, so people have never found it. 1On May 24th, 894, Ramsey wrote a letter to Rayleigh, explaining his research findings and inferences. On August 7 of the same year, he sent another letter to Riley: "I think it is best to publish it in the name of both of us." In this way, at the meeting of the British Science Association, the two of them announced the discovery of an inert gas. The news shocked the scholars attending the meeting. At the suggestion of the president of the conference, this new gas was named "argon", which means "inert gas". After the discovery of elemental argon, Ramsey continued to conduct in-depth research in his field of development. He treated pitchblende with inorganic acid to produce a new gas. He sealed the new gas in a vacuum tube and then made a spectral analysis. On the optical splitter, he saw the spectrum of argon. "Still lazy," Ramsey said discouraged. Suddenly, a bright dark yellow line appeared on the spectrum, which was dazzling. What is this? He is full of energy and observes carefully. He thinks that although this spectrum is similar to that of sodium, it does not coincide. It will never be the same substance, but it is probably a new element! Ramsey immediately telegraphed this phenomenon to another scientist, crookes, until Saturday morning. Crookes's telegram finally came back, which was proved to be another inert gas-helium. The discovery of helium gave Ramsey great encouragement. He cooperated with travers and continued his research, and successively discovered krypton, neon and xenon. They managed to get 1 liter of liquid air and then carefully evaporated it step by step. After most of the gas is evaporated, the remaining oxygen and nitrogen still account for the main part. They used red-hot indium and magnesium to further absorb the remaining oxygen and ammonia, and finally left 25 ml of gas. They sealed 25 ml of gas in a glass tube to observe its spectrum, and saw a bright yellow line slightly greener than helium line and another bright green line. This is by no means the spectral line of known elements that Ramsey said. Travers agreed. Encouraged by the new discovery, they measured the density and atomic weight of this gas that night, and they worked until late at night. "What's its name? This hidden guy. " Let's call it krypton. Krypton means "hidden" in English. "Oh dear!" Travers suddenly shouted. "What's the matter?" Ramsey thinks something's wrong. "That's too bad," travers said, pounding his head. "Tomorrow, no, today. I have to hold a doctoral thesis defense, and I forgot. " Ramsey smiled. "This is really a bad thing, travers. Go and have a rest! " Neon was discovered on the basis of krypton. They continued to fractionate the residual gas by decompression and collected the volatile part from argon. The spectrum of this part of gas is magnificent, with many red lines, many light green lines, and several purple lines and yellow lines, which are very obvious. Under high vacuum, it even emits phosphorescence. They are sure that a new gas has been discovered. "This scene is really beautiful. It seems that these two years' efforts have not been in vain. I bet anyone who has seen this scene will remember it forever. " Travers said. "Yes, there is nothing in the world that emits more intense light than it." Ramsey agrees with him. Ramsey has a 13-year-old son named Willie. Knowing that his father had discovered a new gas, he said to his father, "What are you going to call it?" Ramsey asked his son, "Do you have any ideas?" "I like the word NOVE." Willie said. "Well, Novi, yes, but neon is better? They mean the same thing. " Thus, in June 1898, this newly discovered gas had its own name: neon. It means "novelty". 1On July 2, 898, Ramsey discovered another inert gas, named "Xenon", which means "stranger". The linguist Ramsey made great discoveries in science and became a world-famous chemist. He is also an excellent linguist. He is known as "the best linguist in science" because he has studied hard since childhood and is proficient in English, French, Italian, German and Dutch. His usual speech is harmonious, humorous and full of fun. Once he went out on a trip, and his companions in the carriage were three lawyers. They shook their tongues and kept making noise all the way, which annoyed Ramsey. When he came back, he talked about the trip and said, "My companion and I have become a terrible compound, which will explode if we are not careful. You think, three lawyers who make much ado about nothing and a dangerous chemist like me, isn't this nitrogen trichloride? The explosion will happen at any time! " Ramsey also warned his students to "see more, learn more and experiment more, and never show off the results." We must study and study hard. If a person can't do more than three things, but is afraid of two things, and he is afraid of spending time and trouble, then he will accomplish nothing. William ramsey's main works 1: inorganic chemical system 2: gases in the atmosphere 3: modern chemistry 4: elements and electrons.