Kuwaiti currency code: Kuwaiti dinar

1 Kuwaiti dinar = USD 3.3289.

Per capita GDP: 22 105 USD (IMF)

The name Dinar comes from a silver coin called Denarius in the Roman Empire. Denarius means money, and Spanish and Portuguese also have words from the same source. The meaning of this word became the meaning of gold coin after Denari inherited Solidus gold coin.

Economic evaluation: The Kuwaiti dinar is the currency with the highest exchange rate against the US dollar in the world. Kuwait is rich in oil and natural gas resources, with proven oil reserves of 94 billion barrels, accounting for 10% of the world's total reserves, ranking fourth in the world. In particular, the natural gas industry is the pillar of the national economy, and its output value accounts for 45% of GDP. In addition, Witt's agricultural output is almost zero. Kuwait is a country with huge wealth, and the exchange rate of its currency is largely determined by oil exports. According to Bloomberg News, 90% of Kuwait's fiscal revenue depends on energy exports, among which state-owned oil companies provide 80% of Kuwait's jobs.

Kuwait is also a high welfare country. Kuwaiti citizens enjoy free medical care, free education and government subsidies for housing, drinking water and electricity. In addition, there are various social allowances, such as marriage allowance and child allowance. Kuwait has a good financial management and set up a reserve fund for future generations as early as the mid-1970s. Allocate 10% of national income every year as a reserve fund for future generations to prepare for Kuwait's "post-oil". The Kuwaiti government used these two reserves to build a large-scale investment network around the world, and regarded foreign investment as an important way to solve the future national income. It is worth mentioning that Kuwaitis' expertise in overseas investment has long been recognized by the international financial and economic circles, and they have invested heavily in the United States, Europe, Asia and other places. Since 1985, the annual profit income of foreign capital in Kuwait has exceeded the annual profit of oil export income.

Two. Bahrain-dinar

Bahrain currency code: BHD

1BHD = 2.6532 USD (pegged to USD)

Per capita GDP: US$ 22,402 (International Monetary Fund)

Economic evaluation: Bahrain dinar is one of the most valuable currencies in the world. Bahrain is a Persian Gulf country with a population slightly over 1 10,000. Like Kuwait, Bahrain is also a country with "black gold" everywhere, and its oil is exported to all countries in the world. At the same time, the Kingdom of Bahrain is one of the freest countries in the world with a very high employment rate. Interestingly, the Bahraini dinar is linked to the US dollar exchange rate, and the exchange rate against the US dollar remains unchanged for 14 years.

It is worth mentioning that wealth can be seen everywhere in this country. Just because the economy is too rich, the obese population in China is very serious. According to statistics, for example, 28.9% of men and 38.2% of women are obese, and the probability of developing diabetes is the highest in the world. At least 65,438+05% people in this country suffer from diabetes, which shows that obesity is a serious health problem. Although it is a traditional Middle Eastern country, it is actually much more open than other Middle Eastern countries, and there is no particularly strict requirement for women's wear.

According to the data of the World Bank, Bahrain's per capita gross national income in 20 19 years was $2,265,438 +0 10; Bahrain's human development index once ranked 44th in the world and was recognized as a high-income economy by the World Bank. It is worth mentioning that Bahrain has established a rich welfare system covering the whole country. For example, Bahrain implements three free services: free medical care, free education, exemption from personal income tax, and the government provides cheap housing and other measures to benefit the people. Bahrain's illiteracy rate is very low, at 4.9%, especially the education rate of young people aged 65,438+05 to 25 reaches 99%, which is the country with the highest education level in the Middle East Gulf region.

Three. Amanral

Oman currency code: OMR

1OMR = 2.6042 USD (pegged to USD)

Per capita GDP: 142 16 USD (IMF)

Economic evaluation: Sultanate of Oman, referred to as Oman for short, is located in the southeast of Arabian Peninsula in West Asia, guarding the the Strait of Hormuz of Persian Gulf, and is the most important oil export channel in the world. Oman is one of the oldest countries in Arabian Peninsula. In 2000 BC, it has carried out extensive maritime and land trade activities and become the shipbuilding center of Arabian Peninsula.

Oman belongs to a traditional agricultural society. About 40% of the residents are engaged in agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry, and most of them are self-sufficient. The main products are barley, dates, gold, petroleum, copper and iron. Oman began to exploit oil in the 1960s. Although it is rich in natural resources, it is still a relatively rich Arab country because of its late economic start, weak economic foundation and relatively slow development. Oil industry is a pillar industry in Oman, and oil and gas export revenue accounts for 75% of national fiscal revenue and 4 1% of GDP. Oman has proven oil reserves of about 5.3 billion barrels, ranking seventh in the Middle East and 22nd in the world. China has become the largest importer of Oman crude oil, accounting for more than 70% of Oman's exports.

Due to its important strategic position and rich resources, Oman has developed economy and high quality of life. Oman riyal, like Bahrain dinar, is pegged to the US dollar exchange rate. In fact, the currencies of these Middle East Gulf countries are very high against the US dollar, and they are all the most valuable currencies in the world. The most important reason is that overseas countries are rich in oil and have strong economic development, which provides a lot of support for their currency exchange rates.

Four. Jordanian dinar

Jordanian currency code: JOD

1jod =1.4124 USD (pegged to USD)

Per capita GDP: US$ 4,259 (International Monetary Fund)

Economic evaluation: Jordan is a relatively small Arab country, but compared with neighboring countries, Jordan is stable in political, economic and cultural life. The Jordanian people are relatively rich and relatively open in Islamic countries. It is worth mentioning that Jordan lacks fresh water resources and is not rich in oil resources. Tourism is one of the pillar industries in Jordan. For example, the ancient city of Petra, the Dead Sea and Wadi Lahm have become the first choice destinations for tourists from all over the world for adventure travel and leisure vacation.

As a developing country, Jordan has a weak economic foundation, poor resources, less cultivated land and dependence on imports. The main pillars of the national economy are remittances, foreign aid and tourism. In addition, Jordan's overseas laborers account for 50% of Jordan's labor force, which is characterized by the export of advanced labor services and a large amount of foreign exchange flowing into the country every year.

In fact, it is difficult for many people to explain why the Jordanian dinar has become the fourth largest currency in the world, because the country's economy is underdeveloped and resources are scarce, and it mainly relies on remittances and international assistance. Due to the high exchange rate of the Jordanian dinar against the US dollar, it has become one of the top ten currencies in the world.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) UK-GBP

British currency code: pound sterling

1 GBP = 1.3792 USD

Per capita GDP: US$ 40,406 (International Monetary Fund)

Economic evaluation: Britain is the first industrialized country in the world. It has many scientific discoveries and inventions, such as the world-famous steam engine, penicillin, DNA, Dolly sheep and jet engine. Britain used to be the sixth largest economy in the world and the largest financial center in Europe. Among them, London, the capital, is a world-famous financial center with a modern financial service system, engaged in transnational bank loans, international bond issuance, fund investment and other businesses. It is also the world's largest foreign exchange trading market, the largest spot gold trading market, the largest derivatives trading market, the third largest insurance market, an important ship loan market and a non-precious metal trading center, with the largest number of branches or offices of foreign banks.

The pound is the name of the national currency and monetary unit in Britain. The pound is mainly issued by the Bank of England. In addition to Britain, the currencies of British overseas territories are also denominated in British pounds, and the exchange rate with British pounds is fixed at 1: 1.

As Britain is the earliest industrialized country in the world and once dominated the international financial industry, the pound was once the most widely used currency in international settlement business. It is worth mentioning that after being adopted by the euro, the pound became the oldest currency still in use. China ranks third in the world's foreign exchange reserves, second only to the US dollar and the euro. The pound was once the fourth largest foreign exchange trading currency after the dollar, the euro and the yen. Because of the national symbolic significance of the pound, the idea of replacing the pound with the euro has been controversial in some public sectors in Britain. The Scottish Conservative Party claims that the adoption of the euro means the end of local characteristic banknotes, because the European Central Bank does not allow member countries or lower-level governments to design banknotes. The Scottish Nationalist Party does not agree to adopt the European single currency, because it believes that an independent Scotland should have its own characteristic currency, and its party policy includes entering the single currency system. Historically, the pound has always been the most valuable basic foreign exchange variety. Many people generally think that the pound is a valuable currency in the world, but in fact it only ranks fifth.

Intransitive verb euro zone-euro

European currency code: euro

1 euro = 1. 1848 USD.

Economic evaluation: Euro is the currency of EU 19 countries. The 19 members of the euro are: Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Greece, Malta and Cyprus.

1999 65438+ 10 1, the EU countries that implement the euro implement a unified monetary policy. In July 2002, the euro became the only legal tender in the euro zone, which was jointly managed by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Central Bank System (ESCB) composed of the central banks of the euro zone. In addition, the euro is the currency of six non-EU countries (regions). They are Monaco, San Marino, Vatican, Andorra, Montenegro and Kosovo. Among them, the first four pocket countries use the euro according to the agreement with the EU, and the last two countries (regions) use the euro unilaterally.

It is worth mentioning that the highest significance of the euro is that Europe is expected to weaken the hegemonic position of the US dollar by building a strong currency and a strong regional monetary system arrangement, so as to seek the interests of Europe, which will have a far-reaching impact on the international monetary system. The population of the euro zone 19 countries reached 330 million, when the GDP reached 13.2 trillion euros, accounting for more than 15% of the total world trade (excluding the trade volume among the 27 EU countries). After the circulation of the euro, it will become the settlement currency in international trade and a very attractive reserve currency, which undoubtedly poses a direct challenge to the monetary hegemony of the US dollar.

After the outbreak of the European debt crisis, the exchange rate of the euro against the US dollar fell sharply, but it was still at a high exchange rate level, which also made the euro one of the most valuable currencies. Part of the reason why the euro exchange rate can remain strong is that there are several economically developed countries in the euro zone, such as Germany and France. In addition, the euro is the second largest reserve currency in the world, accounting for 22.2% (62.3% in US dollars) of the total global reserve currency.

Seven, Cayman dollar

Cayman Islands currency code: Kidd

1kyd =1.219 USD.

Per capita GDP: US dollars (IMF)

Economic evaluation: Cayman Islands is an overseas dependency of Britain in the western Caribbean islands of America, which consists of Grand Cayman, little cayman Island and Cayman Brac Island. At present, the Cayman Islands is the fifth largest financial center in the world after new york, London, Tokyo and Hongkong. Cayman is a famous offshore financial center and "tax haven", as well as a world-famous diving and tourist resort. Finance and tourism are its main economic sources.

British navigator Francis Drake arrived at the island on 1586 and named it Cayman Islands. 1670 became a British colony with Jamaica and was under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Jamaica. 1962 After independence, Jamaica became a British colony.

The Cayman Islands has long used Jamaican currency. Cayman islands dollar 197 1 issue, coins 1972 issue. The exchange rate of the Cayman Islands dollar is pegged to the US dollar, and the fixed exchange rate is 65,438+0 US dollars to 0.835 Cayman dollars. There is no foreign exchange control. In the Cayman Islands, there are thousands of large global multinational companies, large banks, hedge funds and insurance companies. In particular, the leading position of tax havens has kept the exchange rate of Cayman dollar at a high level.

Eight, dollars-dollars

American currency code: US dollar

Per capita GDP: 634 16 USD (IMF)

Economic evaluation: The US dollar is the legal tender of the United States of America, the Republic of El Salvador, the Republic of Panama, the Republic of Ecuador, the Democratic Republic of East Timor, the Republic of Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of Kiribati and the Republic of Palau. Dollar banknotes in circulation are all versions of banknotes issued since 1929.

At present, the issuance of US dollars is controlled by the Federal Reserve system. Starting from 19 13, the United States established the federal reserve system and issued federal reserve bonds. More than 99% of the banknotes in circulation are federal reserve notes. It is worth mentioning that the dominant position of the dollar in the international monetary system has brought great benefits to the United States:

First of all, it allows the United States to borrow money from the world without restriction, but its debt repayment is unequal or irresponsible at all. Because its loans from other countries are denominated in dollars, it allows the banknote printing factory to print more dollars without restriction. Even if the dollar depreciates, it can reduce the burden of foreign debt, stimulate exports and improve the balance of payments. In addition, because of the strong economic strength and stable investment environment in the United States, investing in the United States can bring more profits, so many people want to invest in the United States. The arrival of a large amount of liquid dollar funds has lowered its interest rate and reduced the cost of making up the fiscal deficit.

Under normal circumstances, when a country has a deficit in its international payments, it generally needs to adjust its economic policies. America doesn't have to do this. Because the US dollar is an international currency, when the United States has a foreign trade deficit, the US government can make up for the deficit by printing US dollar bills, maintain the national economic balance, and pass on inflation to other countries. This is also the main reason why the postwar United States can still maintain economic stability after decades of high fiscal deficit. And it can also give the United States a huge seigniorage. After the collapse of the gold standard, the credit standard based on paper money replaced the gold standard; The international function of dollar replacing currency has brought great benefits to the United States. When a worthless paper money is printed by the state, the seigniorage is equal to the value of social products that this paper money can buy, and the difference between them is the "seigniorage" in the United States.

The impact of the dollar on the gold market is mainly in two aspects. First, the dollar is the price mark currency in the international gold market, so it is negatively related to the price of gold. Second, gold is an alternative investment tool for dollar assets. Undeniably, the US dollar is the most important reserve currency and one of the most important trade settlement currencies in the world, and almost 85% of transactions are conducted in US dollars. As the United States is a global economic and financial leader, the US dollar has undoubtedly become the main payment currency in the world. It is also one of the most valuable currencies in the world.

Nine. Switzerland-Swiss franc

Swiss currency code: Swiss franc

1 CHF = 1.0934 USD.

Per capita GDP: US$ 86,849 (International Monetary Fund)

Economic evaluation: Switzerland, one of the countries in Central Europe, is known as the "roof of Europe", which is dominated by plateaus and mountains. Switzerland is rich in tourism resources and has the reputation of a world park. Bern is the seat of the federal government. Switzerland is a permanently neutral country in history. Since 18 15, I have never been involved in any local wars and international wars (including World War I and World War II), but I have also participated in international affairs. Many international organizations have their headquarters in Switzerland.

Switzerland is a highly developed capitalist country. Its per capita GDP has always been in the forefront of the world, second only to Luxembourg and Norway in Europe. Switzerland is also one of the most stable economies in the world. Its long-term policy, safe financial system and bank secrecy system make Switzerland a safe haven for tax-exempt investors. Due to the developed financial industry, the service industry is also playing an increasingly important role in the Swiss economy. Switzerland is one of the most stable economies in the world.

The global competitiveness report released by the World Economic Forum shows that Switzerland is the most competitive country in the world, and the EU report shows that Switzerland's innovation performance is the best in Europe. Switzerland's per capita GDP has long been in the forefront of Europe. Especially in 2005, the median household income in Switzerland was 96,500 Swiss francs, and the ratio of current income to GDP in Switzerland was also the highest in the world.

Switzerland is the headquarters of many multinational companies. Swiss companies with the highest turnover include Vito, Glencore, Gunnvor, Tok, Nestle, Novartis, Roche, ABB, Mokery and Deco. Other well-known companies include UBS Group AG, Zurich Financial Services Group, Credit Suisse Group, Tetra Pak, Tetra Pak, Swiss Re and Swarovski Group. Switzerland is also one of the most influential economies in the world. Switzerland is a country with relatively developed private sector and low tax rate in the western world, and it is also a country with low total tax rate in developed countries.

It is worth mentioning that on June 5th, 2005, 2065438+2005+65438+the Swiss franc was decoupled from the euro, which led to violent shocks in the global foreign exchange market and led to losses or bankruptcies of many securities firms and investment banks. In Europe, the Swiss franc is widely used. It is issued by the Swiss Central Bank and is one of the top ten most valuable currencies in the world.

X. Australian dollar

Australian currency code: Australian dollar

1 AUD = 0.7387

Per capita GDP: US$ 52,825 (International Monetary Fund)

Economic evaluation: It is the only country in the world whose territory covers the whole continent. It is the most developed country in the southern hemisphere, the largest economy in the world 12, the fourth largest exporter of agricultural products and the largest exporter of various minerals in the world. Known as the "country sitting on a mine car." Australia is also the country with the largest number of sheep and the largest export volume of wool in the world, and is called "the country riding on the back of sheep". Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite, alumina, diamonds, lead and tantalum, and its output of gold, iron ore, coal, lithium, manganese ore, nickel, silver, uranium and zinc also ranks among the top in the world. At the same time, Australia is the largest exporter of bituminous coal, bauxite, lead, diamonds, zinc and concentrates, the second largest exporter of alumina, iron ore and uranium, and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold.