The quality of composition guidance is directly related to the success or failure of every composition. Teachers should give practical and effective guidance to students before writing.
So, what aspects should composition guidance start from? Let's talk about my personal views and attempts. First, let students develop the habit of being good at accumulation. 1. The accumulation of life materials includes: feelings of young and old, conflicts among members, and neighborhood relations; Experience of success and failure, communication between classmates and teachers; Ideal and future, depression and anxiety, joy and sadness; Social hot spots and focus issues attract middle school students to think.
2. The accumulation of ideas and opinions refers to the accumulation of ideas from textbooks. In reading teaching, teachers should guide students to analyze and absorb the philosophy in textbooks. Narrative often contains the truth of being a man and the understanding of life; Argumentative essays are often full of dialectical analysis, reminding students to learn, understand and accumulate for writing.
Then starting from life, teachers should train students to observe and feel life with their own eyes. Second, to guide students to be good at observation, to write good articles, to master skilled writing skills, we must learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing.
Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials you need in your composition: be interested in things that don't seem to be very meaningful, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to the flower beds on campus.
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2. How to better guide students to write a set of harmonious composition teaching methods —— A summary of the final results of the "News Reading Guide Series Composition Training Research", a key project of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of National Education Science. Since I put forward the theoretical conception, I have devoted myself to the training of news reading series compositions for seven years, and a series of phased achievements have been evaluated by experts as "a harmonious composition teaching method system". "It will certainly play a role in comprehensively improving students' Chinese literacy and implementing quality education.
In 2002, the project was listed as the key project of the tenth five-year plan of national education science and the special topic of youth of the Ministry of Education. The theoretical system is briefly introduced as follows: First, pay attention to accumulation and lay a good foundation for the new curriculum standard. It is pointed out that the Chinese course should "guide students to correctly understand and use the Chinese of the motherland, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense and develop thinking".
Life is the source of Chinese learning. The training of "100 new words" makes language accumulation, language sense cultivation and thinking development directly come from life. Ask students to record the news that happened around them that day, or what they heard, read and saw that day, with a length of about 100 words, so as to make the language concise and smooth. There is an essential difference between keeping a diary and writing something new with hundreds of words. We don't want to be long, we don't want much, we just want perfection, and we put more energy into "how to write".
Reading is a special kind of life. Newspaper clipping training requires students to newspaper clipping every day, starting from the theme, content and emotion of the article, or starting from the writing method of the article, adding comments, experiences and associations to the article. This kind of training not only broadens students' reading range and increases reading quantity, but also provides favorable conditions and broad space for students to choose reading materials and write independently, and implements the reading habit of "no pen and ink, no reading".
There is an essential difference between newspaper clippings and post-reading. The latter focuses on "feeling", while newspaper clippings attach importance to students' evaluation ability, which is not only manifested in the "feeling" of writing content, but also in the "evaluation" of writing content, process and method, so as to appreciate the success of the article and establish their own composition standards. The two courses are carried out alternately, which allows students to absorb nutrition directly or indirectly from life and also solves the problem of "what to write".
The author thinks that composition training should go through three stages: mastering composition characteristics-mastering writing methods-improving composition ability through continuous practice. Therefore, in the composition training sequence of "news reading guide" (news writing training-imagination training-language optimization training-investigation composition training), "news writing training" focuses on letting students master composition characteristics and writing methods, while imagination and thinking should focus on composition.
With a simple and standardized structure (generally an inverted pyramid) and easy-to-master news (news) writing training, News Guide helps students quickly break into the kingdom of composition, firmly grasp the truth and novelty of composition content and emotion, and make the language concise and refined, which has since become a habit. Strict requirements for authenticity in news writing can standardize students to write true feelings with typical examples; Strict requirements for news value can standardize students' writing new ideas and cultivate innovative spirit; Accurate, concise and vivid news writing language requirements provide training opportunities for changing students' flashy "student accent"; Observing and thinking about the process of news writing to make news real and vivid is very helpful to cultivate students' interest and motivation in writing; Prose-style communication and complementary literary works have also found a new world for middle school students to learn literary language.
Language is accumulated by students in a subtle way, and others, including teachers, can't help, so the training of imagination and thinking ability has become the most effective composition teaching content, and the optimization of training language will be carried out after students have accumulated a certain amount of language. Guo Moruo once said: "Seek the method from the impossible, and seek the method after the law." Compared with the ordinary rapid composition method, the composition training sequence of "news leading the way" seeks the breadth and depth of thinking and the accuracy of language through the training of imagination, thinking and language optimization, and quickly dissolves the standard mode of news without causing the consequences of patterning.
Third, give tools four-step writing The author believes that writing is a dual transformation process of "divergent thinking-convergent thinking-linear thinking". That is, starting from the writing goal, giving full play to the ability of observation and feeling, and connecting all kinds of knowledge and things from life and mind is "divergent thinking"; Selecting materials, refining ideas, conceiving and planning articles is a process of "gathering thoughts" by constantly sorting out existing materials and viewpoints; The "linear" feature of language (different words and phrases can't be expressed at the same time) is reflected when things in the author's mind become words.
Based on this, the author designed the thinking composition method of 4X building blocks. Its basic steps are: item)-mystery)-thank you)-repair.
This method is in line with the new curriculum standard that "we should grasp the links of material selection, conception, drafting and processing, so that students can learn to write in writing practice". Brain map is a brand-new thinking method developed by Dr. tony bazan in England. Its main point is to write the subject words in the center; Write down any relevant arguments, branch from the central point, branch from different categories, and continue to connect.
4X building block thinking composition method, using brain map as composition tool to help students think. Step "thinking" is essentially divergent thinking. By expanding the clues of association guidance, enriching the content, connecting familiar life and knowledge fields with one thing as the trigger point, guiding students to associate things in three ways: similar association, comparative association and close association, so as to enrich the content of the article comprehensively. Guide students to combine divergent thinking with continuous thinking to make the article profound.
The step of "selecting" to improve the brain map is essentially "gathering thinking", which requires students to consider whether to write or not, whether to write or skim, and whether to write first and then divide the content according to the principle of "meeting the requirements of the topic, being correct or reasonable, being novel and unique, and being conducive to giving full play to their advantages". Modern brain science research shows that the left hemisphere is responsible for processing linear information, while the right hemisphere is responsible for processing visual, structural and hierarchical information. The introduction of brain map avoids the linear shortcomings of traditional composition outline, and makes the process of composition selection, conception and conception diverge or converge, which is more in line with personal thinking habits.
3. How to guide students to write a good composition The first step is to examine the topic, grasp the direction of topic investigation, and make the central content of the topic and composition not deviate from the requirements.
The second step of writing a good composition: choosing materials, what events to write, what things to write, who to write and whose characteristics to write. Good selection of materials will make the content of the composition not empty and sensational.
The third step of writing a good composition: conception, which requires that the composition should be far-sighted, the structure of the article should be well thought out, and the materials should be organized reasonably.
The fourth step of writing a good composition: the beginning, how to start? A little reference: first, come straight to the point, which means what you want to write, describe it at the beginning, or express your views directly; The second is the opening introduction, which leads to what you want to say from the opposite side or related events.
The fifth step of writing a good composition: the ending, because the structure is well thought out, the middle words are logical, and the ending will have an unusual effect. At the end, you should show positive and optimistic thoughts and sentiments, give people the taste of hope and sunshine, but don't talk big. It should be combined with the composition itself, and it can't be unconstrained and unconstrained, and it can't leave an intriguing ending for people to produce.
The above is the idea composition, but these can only be done by the usual accumulation, so what can be done to accumulate?
First, the most important thing in writing is language. How to organize the language so that your language can be read easily and make people feel comfortable is very important. This is the first impression (whether the writing is good or not), which requires you to read more beautiful articles and record the language you think is classic or beautiful or imposing. You can imitate or even use it directly when writing.
Second: the structure of the composition is very important. Your material may not be very good, but after your wonderful language and article structure arrangement, the dead material will become a living butterfly. Structural arrangement. You are required to read more books at ordinary times, learn from other people's structural models, make more summaries, choose one at random when writing, or be able to innovate by yourself.
Third: the accumulation of materials, good materials will give you better space to play, so that you will not feel speechless. Material needs you to learn to observe life and have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life, then you will find the beauty in life, and then you will have a pair of eyes to intercept your best picture, that is, material, for your composition.
Fourth: Writing, maybe your composition is not good at anything, but your handwriting is neat and beautiful, and the surface is neat and tidy, which makes people feel very comfortable. Maybe the examiner found that your previous work was not very good, so he might stop reading your article and get a higher score directly, at least it won't make your seriousness turn into a blank sheet of paper. You need to know how many papers there will be when you change them, how tired it will be to change them for two days and how tired it will be to sit there.
I hope I can help you and wish you success!
4. The key to how senior high school teachers guide students' writing at the operational level and how to improve students' writing ability lies in opening students' writing ideas.
Vertical and horizontal development and divergent thinking are ways to develop writing thinking, and they are ways to connect imagination with reality through vertical and horizontal development, reverse development, analogy and metaphor, so as to expand writing. Vertical and horizontal development and divergent thinking mainly include the following categories: 1. Vertical development II. Development by analogy. Horizontal development. Relatively developed. Metaphor development.
These five items can be divided into two categories, namely vertical and horizontal. Analogy development can be incorporated into vertical development, and comparative development and figurative development can be incorporated into horizontal development.
As for what theory to talk about and how to guide practice, you can refer to the "High School Writing Guidance Course", which has detailed and specific guidance. For details, see official website and Hubei Steady School Education.
5. How to guide students' writing in the composition of grade one in primary school? Create an independent writing environment for students.
Usually, students write because of the teacher's request. Only when the teacher arranges the composition will the students begin to write. Teachers are always used to asking students to write articles according to the writing requirements stipulated in textbooks. This kind of composition for the sake of composition and the poor quality of composition for the sake of teachers is of course inevitable. Therefore, only by letting students know that writing is an important means of self-expression and communication with others can students write independently and write good articles. In the class, I set up a heartfelt mailbox, and students can communicate with their teachers through the mailbox if they have any opinions, ideas and questions. This kind of communication undoubtedly provides students with a good writing platform.
Once, I received a small note from a student with poor composition in my class. She told me that she had quarreled with her deskmate and wanted to change seats. I answered the letter in time and asked her to tell me the reason for the quarrel. The next day, I received her little note, which was short, but the reason was clear. Just because my deskmate borrowed her book when she was doing exercises in class, she didn't lend it to her deskmate because she was afraid of the teacher's criticism in class. The deskmate thinks she is stingy and has always misunderstood her, trying to alienate her from other students. I wrote back and asked her to explain the reason to my deskmate. I believe her deskmate will understand. Sure enough, they made up. She wrote me a little thank-you letter for this. In that week's composition, I assigned a composition entitled "My deskmate and I". I gave all the notes we exchanged to the poor student to describe in her composition. On Monday, in her weekly composition, I solemnly drew four stars. In my comments, I wrote: "You have described the cause and process of the incident very clearly." . Not long after, I received a small note from her in the mailbox. She said that it was not so difficult for the teacher to write a composition.
In such an environment, the composition is not mysterious. Writing is writing with a pen. Students are not afraid to write, but willing to write, and the article is handy. I let students write what they see, hear, do and feel in life, "write with me" and "write with me" by combining students' actual situation and composition practice.
Second, stimulate interest and let students express themselves freely in any form.
As the saying goes, interest is the best teacher. Russian educator ushinski pointed out: "Without any interest, forced learning will stifle students' willingness to master knowledge. "Only when students are willing to write and willing to write a composition, composition teaching is half the battle. Interest in writing is an important guarantee for primary school students to write a good composition. Everyone in our class has a handy sticker, and everyone can paste their own works on the graffiti wall in the class, which can be a good blessing, a young ambition or their own free will ... There are more and more works on the graffiti wall, and students are more and more willing to write. On the graffiti wall, you can often find a great poem and a beautiful paragraph. Among the excellent works in the learning garden in my class, there are a series of stickers I picked from the graffiti wall.
Composition teaching should not only follow the writing requirements of textbooks, but also let students write boldly and freely. The quality of students is different, so the requirements for writing should be treated differently, and some students with writing difficulties should not be afraid of difficulties. I give students a lot of freedom in the choice of content and form of each composition, and provide them with a variety of choices. Students can choose what they want to write according to their own situation and write in the form they like. Without formal constraints, students are more interested in writing.
6. How to guide middle and high school students to write a good composition? As we know, composition is the embodiment of students' cognitive level and language expression ability, the necessary language ability in daily life and work, and an important symbol of a person's language literacy.
The ancients had reasons for the one-sidedness of "one product for life" in the imperial examination, but there were also some reasons. The purpose of composition teaching in primary schools is to cultivate students' preliminary written expression ability. How to lay a good foundation in this field will affect students' life.
First, establish a correct concept of composition teaching 1, and further clarify the nature of primary school students' composition. The essence of primary school students' composition is to practice calligraphy, to exercise, not to create.
According to the curriculum standard, write sentences and words in the lower grades and do exercises in the upper grades. Composition is not mysterious at all. As long as you can speak and write, you can write articles.
Gao Yubao, Gorky and others wrote masterpieces without much education, which is proof. "Writing is writing with a pen", "I write my mouth, I write my heart".
Composition is the need of life. It is not an ornament or decoration, but life itself. Writing "has become an indispensable article in life like food, clothing, housing and transportation", which can enrich and enrich life.
If we make clear the nature of primary school students' compositions, we will not be too demanding and eager for success, nor will we let all students' homework be compared with "excellent compositions". 2. Pay attention to stimulate interest in homework and change "I want to write" to "I want to write".
"Interest is the best teacher." Suhomlinski said.
As far as talent is concerned, every child is a poet. As long as he "opens the source of creation" in teaching methods, he can make the poet's strings emit wonderful music. When writing sentences and words from the lower grades, it is necessary to stimulate interest, so that every student has a desire, an impulse and a longing mentality when practicing writing.
In this way, writing words and practicing becomes a pleasure, not a burden. Teachers of all ages should attach importance to stimulating students' interest in homework and try their best to keep it for a long time.
This is what teachers often do. Obviously, truth-seeking and honesty are the most important composition requirements.
Seeking truth means practicing "sincerity", telling the truth, saying your own words, and not telling lies, empty words or adult words; Honesty means "speaking your own words honestly", being honest and seeking truth from facts. Only "sincerity in the heart" can "appearance in the heart".
If you are sincere, you can tell the truth and tell the truth. This is not only a question of composition, but also a question of being a man.
Through composition teaching, we should not only teach composition, but also teach life, constantly improve students' composition ability and attach importance to the guidance of correct values. For primary school students, if they want to be true and sincere, they must have composition content.
The source of composition is running water, which is a full and vivid life. "Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is a source of living water."
Don't make things up, don't take the "five-test"-pushing a cart, holding a child, guiding the blind, taking tickets, and giving up your seat easily. You have to live, throw yourself into real life, open up the source of life, live with your heart, be good at observing, be diligent in thinking, and constantly discover-there is no shortage of beautiful things in the world, but an eye that is good at discovering. Writing is a skill, and the formation of skills depends on training.
Writing is a skill, not knowledge, and it is useless to talk about articles. We must work hard and be less bound, so that students can write freely and write what they want in their own language and ideas.
It is impossible to form a strong writing ability by infiltrating writing practice into reading teaching, learning in various subjects and daily life only by writing several times a semester. Writing is still a habit, and the cultivation of habits depends on experience.
Once you have developed all kinds of good writing habits, you must have strong writing ability. Therefore, teachers should take habit cultivation as an important task in composition teaching, which runs through the whole process of composition teaching.
According to the requirements of different grades, teachers of all grades pay attention to the cultivation of the following habits: the habit of diligent observation and experience, the habit of accumulating life materials and language materials, the habit of thinking clearly before writing, the habit of diligent reading and willing to write, the habit of modifying their own compositions and standardizing the habit of neat writing. 5. Establish the idea that "writing is based on reading".
The root of writing ability is reading ability. Reading is the basis of writing.
"Study hard and relax your composition." First, "how to write" is mostly learned from reading. With the example of this text, students can draw inferences from one another, not only constantly mastering the skills of reading, but also constantly acquiring the skills of writing.
Writing in words is often stretched, and reading can promote writing, thus broadening one's horizons. The second is to say "thick accumulation and thin hair."
It is necessary to strengthen and improve reading teaching, attach importance to reading while understanding and writing while reading, and embody the combination of reading and writing; We should also strengthen extracurricular reading, read good books and complete books, broaden our horizons, enrich our knowledge, raise our awareness and increase the accumulation of culture and language. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god."
Diligent reading and extensive reading will certainly promote the improvement of writing ability. In a word, composition teaching should embody the ideas of happy composition, bold composition, life composition and personalized composition.
Second, composition training from writing sentences, writing words to writing fragments to writing a composition, from easy to difficult, step by step. The lower grades mainly practice writing sentences and words.
Including: writing sentences with learned words; Write a few words after observing simple things or pictures; Use sentences (or simple pictures) to express what you see and hear, your feelings or blessings (such as homemade greeting cards); Can write notes (such as information) and keep simple diaries. The most important thing for junior students is that they are interested in writing and are willing to express their understanding and feelings about things around them through writing.
When did primary school students start writing sentences and words? According to the arrangement of teaching materials and the reality of students. As long as students have this desire, they should actively guide them (some first-year students in the experimental area have started writing for more than a month; Keep a diary since the second grade). The middle grade focuses on guiding students to write down their experiences, feelings and imagination in an informal way.
Besides the practice of writing fragments in general, we should also pay attention to the practice of sketching, fairy tales and letters. Sketch is the basic skill of writing factual composition, which can cultivate the ability of observing things and describing things in words.
Junior and middle school students are naive and imaginative. They like reading fairy tales, and are also interested in making them up and telling them. Cultivate the ability to imagine writing.
7. How to guide students to write a good composition?
Writing a complete article is like assembling a machine, and sentences are like parts of this machine. Only by making all kinds of standard parts first can we combine them into a qualified machine. Therefore, I think that in the usual teaching, students should be instructed to write specific sentences in the article first. It can guide students to make sentences, expand sentences and compare sentences, so that students can feel something through observation and comparison. For example, make a sentence with the word blow, and I will show this set of sentences: 1. The breeze blows the willow branches. 2. The breeze gently blows the willow branches. A warm breeze gently blows the willow branches. In the spring morning, the breeze gently blows the willow branches. . In the spring morning, the breeze gently blows the green willow branches.
Through comparison, students will know that in order to make the meaning of a sentence more specific, qualifiers must be added appropriately. On the basis of students' integrity and fluency, we should further ask them to be more specific. Concrete and vivid are closely related. Without concrete description, it is impossible for an article to have a vivid image. Therefore, vividness depends on concreteness.
Second, guide students to accumulate excellent words and sentences.
Rich in vocabulary and handy in expression, the articles written are vivid, beautiful and touching. Pupils' compositions are often stereotyped and one-sided. In the final analysis, it is due to the lack of vocabulary. For example, when describing people, men always have square faces, high noses and heavy eyebrows, while women have apple faces, horns, watery eyes and pleasing dimples. The person written in this way has no personality and no characteristics. To solve these problems, it is essential to enrich students' vocabulary and guide them to accumulate beautiful words and sentences at any time. For example, teachers can extract words that describe facial features, hair, eyes, smile, posture, gait and manner, and copy them into a vocabulary for students to choose from. Such as gait: tall and straight body, swinging from side to side, walking fast, heavy footsteps, skipping, making people laugh and so on.
Third, guide students to write true feelings.
One of the biggest difficulties in primary school students' composition is how to express their true feelings while writing concretely. In order to help them break through this difficulty, I take the following three measures: 1. Know their hobbies and let them write what they like. Students are not only familiar with what they like best, but also have special feelings for it. Therefore, essays about their happiness and love can generally write true feelings. 2. Let them express their thoughts and feelings naturally. Teachers should not set too many rules. Primary school students who have just started writing can't take into account many requirements in their compositions, especially the extra frame set. Based on this, teachers don't have to force them to write their compositions according to a unified outline. Even if they want to write an outline, they'd better draw it up by themselves. You don't have to write anything in advance, and you don't have to organize sentences. You should do some training, which will affect the natural expression of students' innocent and beautiful thoughts and feelings.
The teacher's composition guidance is aimed at the whole class, but the students' homework is very different. This has a lot to do with students' personal writing literacy or basic skills. To improve the quality of students' writing, we should remember more, read more, speak more, listen more, imitate more, practice more, think more and correct more.
8. How to guide students to write a composition? In composition teaching, teachers should first grasp the teaching objectives of each grade according to the new curriculum standards and conduct composition teaching according to the provisions of the new curriculum standards.
The "new curriculum standard" requires lower grades: interested in writing, willing to write down what you want to say, write your own stories and imagination in an informal way, and have concrete feelings. The New Curriculum Standard requires middle and senior students to write simple factual and imaginary compositions, and to write reading notes and letters with specific feelings.
Secondly, in the process of writing, we should pay attention to cultivating students to observe things, pay attention to life, feel life, understand things and cultivate rich imagination. Moreover, we should change our ideas, break the old and single composition teaching model in the past, and strive to build a diversified teaching model for students. Let students not get tired of writing, so as to stimulate students' interest in writing and let students write consciously.
After years of writing teaching practice, I think we should start from the following three aspects: 1 Encourage students to observe people, events and events in life. In order to let students accumulate rich writing materials, students are required to record what they see, hear and feel after class and keep an observation diary. When observing a character, students should be reminded not only to pay attention to his facial features and clothes, but also to his manners, movements, language, what he said and did, and why. Why are you doing this? What's the look on his face when he says and does this? What do you think of what he has done? Observe things and grasp their characteristics.
For example, "flowers", the different postures when they are held open, and their colors and smells. In order to arouse students' enthusiasm, teachers should regularly check students' observation diaries and comment on vivid and specific fragments.
Second, guide students to describe details "details" are tiny links or plots. Grasping the "details" in writing can make the characters vividly reappear.
When describing the "details", the teacher should make specific arrangements and subtle guidance. For example; One morning, I stepped off the platform and turned off the fluorescent lamp in the classroom. I asked the students to observe this detail and then dictate.
When asked a question, the first student replied, "The teacher turned off the light." I'm sure of his answer.
Then it is pointed out that this sentence is not specific enough, and the teacher's actions, demeanor and the scene after turning off the lights are not clearly expressed. Then I made another demonstration. This time, the students have enriched their observations.
It is much more specific to describe it. Some students described the teacher's manner and action when he turned on the light, and also described how the fluorescent lamp went out and the scene in the classroom after the light went out.
For example, "the teacher came down from the podium with a smile, walked slowly to the switch, reached out and gently pressed the switch, only to hear a click, the fluorescent lamp went out, and suddenly the classroom was much darker than before." In this way, students can write down what they want to describe vividly and concretely.
Thirdly, regular sentence expansion exercises and writing expansion can vividly show the things to be expressed to readers. For example: "Students walk into school."
According to the requirements of the extended sentence, students should add a word in front of them. But I ask students to make some associations and try to describe the scene of students entering the school more specifically.
Prompt students: which class of students and how to enter the school. Grade three students walked into the school with a happy mood.
In this way, the students truly and concretely expressed the scenes that flashed in their minds. In short, students should be required to write specific compositions, and teachers should be serious and responsible students.
The requirements and guidance for students should be regular and flexible. Only in this way can students write their compositions vividly, vividly, concretely and orderly.