The so-called situational teaching refers to a teaching activity that, according to the basic principles of pedagogy and psychology, students' age and cognitive characteristics, creates a suitable learning environment by establishing an emotional atmosphere between teachers and students, cognitive objects and cognitive subjects, so that teaching can be carried out in a positive and optimized environment, and learners' emotional activities participate in cognitive activities to activate learners' situational thinking, so as to acquire knowledge, cultivate their abilities and develop their intelligence in situational thinking. From this, we can clearly see that situational teaching mode is different from pedagogy and teaching theory. It is only a basic teaching mode based on the principles of pedagogy, epistemology, psychology and teaching theory to fully develop non-intellectual factors in cognitive activities so as to realize happy teaching.
1. Introduce situations into the fun of inquiry and induce motivation.
Because children's learning motivation is more driven by emotion, situational teaching emphasizes maintaining and strengthening children's learning motivation in a continuous and dynamic situation, and promoting the benign interaction between learning motivation and situation.
2. Follow your heart and enrich your feelings in aesthetic pleasure.
Situational teaching puts forward "strengthening feelings and weakening analysis", that is, "guiding children to perceive teaching materials from the pleasure of feeling beauty by optimizing situations". Aesthetic education is an important aspect of the principle of situational teaching, which can be divided into the following four links: (1) bringing into the situation and perceiving the appearance of beauty; (2) Analyze the situation and understand the essence of beauty; (3) Reproduce the situation and express the aesthetic feeling; (4) Control the situation and induce aesthetic motivation. And these links are inseparable from the specific aesthetic feelings.
3. Integrate into the situation and cultivate emotions in the fun of experience.
Situational teaching is a teaching mode that creates typical situations, arouses children's warm emotions and combines emotional activities with cognitive activities. The emotional activities mentioned here are embodied in many aspects, such as between teachers and students (1). Situational teaching advocates that teachers pour their true feelings into children and touch their emotional fields with keen insight, thus establishing a friendly teacher-student relationship and rendering a warm, harmonious, reliable, confident and unrestrained situation. First of all, a teacher must put himself in the other's shoes once, return to children's emotional state, and look at the world with children's eyes, in order to produce the effect of empathy. (2) Between students and textbooks. The attraction of teaching materials to students directly affects their interest in learning, so it is very important to establish a wonderful emotion between students and teaching materials. Li Jilin, who has made outstanding contributions to Chinese situational teaching, once summed up such a development model of emotional promotion: in the initial reading of the text, stimulate motivation-input emotion; The image described in the feeling text-emotion; When understanding the charm of text language-empathy; In expression reading and language training. (3) between students. Due to the optimization of the situation, the students are friendly and intimate. They learn from each other, cooperate with each other, help each other, learn from each other's strong points, cultivate team consciousness, cooperative spirit and communication ability in interpersonal situations such as affection, help and happiness, and provide a good emotional atmosphere for learning Chinese.
4. Optimize the situation and increase your strength in the fun of the activity.
In the teaching process, children's activities are not to pursue the vividness of form, but to enrich the teaching content and teaching form through their own activities, so that children can learn in happy middle schools, interesting middle schools, life middle schools and classroom middle schools. In this case, if the activities run through the teaching process, it should not be divorced from the teaching content, but should highlight the key points of the teaching materials, have distinctive subject characteristics according to the characteristics of the teaching materials, and strengthen them in combination with ability training.
Foundation. Training in Chinese teaching emphasizes basic training in operating situations, including the basics of words and sentences.
Training, strengthen the overall training for the purpose of application and the thinking training with perception as the medium.
5. Create situations to show personality in the fun of creation.
Improper traditional teaching leads to over-education of the left hemisphere of the brain. In this way, the lack of abstraction, conceptualization, visualization and emotion in teaching affects the activation and excitement of the right brain, causing depression and even damaging children's creative ability. This is a common problem caused by the long-term emphasis on cognition and the neglect of emotion in the teaching field. Situational teaching can maximize the development and utilization of the right brain through the creation of situations, which plays a very important role in the development of children's creativity. The specific performance is: (1) arousing emotions. Inspiring, awakening and inspiring students, eagerly expecting students and firmly believing that students will succeed are the shining golden keys to truly guide children to open the door to wisdom. Because students will gain confidence and strength from teachers' love. This belief will usually be transformed into a positive driving force to achieve teaching goals. (2) cultivate feelings. In a sense, creation is the product of thinking in images. The more vivid and rich the image, the sharper the feeling, the more excited the right brain, and the more active the image thinking activity. Practice has proved that sensory training makes children more and more sensitive to the world around them, thus broadening their channels for further understanding of the world and becoming an important foundation for their creative development. (3) Cultivate intuition. The activation of the right brain is very beneficial to the cultivation of intuition, and unconscious intuition can be said to be the source of all discoveries.
6. broaden your horizons and broaden your horizons in the fun of knowing the world around you.
In order to give full play to the source role of the surrounding world in children's development, situational teaching puts forward the following principles: from near to far, gradually broaden; Gradually understand, spiral upward; Enlighten wisdom from the outside to the inside; Cultivate temperament and cultivate humanistic quality.
2. Method of creating situation
Situational creation is a process of providing various forms of stimulating information and causing psychological reactions or activities. It is not the natural accompaniment of the teaching process, but the product of teachers' active design. It requires teachers to care about the growth of all students with practical actions, deeply understand their living habits, hobbies and learning characteristics, establish deep feelings between teachers and students, and let students "be close to their teachers and believe in their ways". In teaching, we strive to infect students from all aspects with rich feelings, exclusive spirit, rich imagination, vivid language and high generalization. Let students listen and hear, and stimulate the emotion of learning Chinese well. On this basis, create a problem situation according to the content of the textbook and the level of the students taught. Commonly used methods are:
1. Show life-related situations
Life is the only source of articles, and all articles are the products of life in the author's local mind at that time. Taking the article as an example, to cultivate students' ability to correctly understand and use the language of the motherland, it is necessary to "follow the text" and "seek the source with the waves". In other words, we should guide students to know and understand the life reflected by the author in the article, and then understand the author's conception, material selection, planning and language use, appreciate the feelings expressed by the author in the article, and then be influenced by truth, goodness and beauty. The so-called connecting life to show the situation is to communicate the life written in the textbook with the students' life by creating the situation, so as to open the students' life library, strengthen the experience and enhance the understanding of the article. That's what the ancients meant when they read "swim with an open mind and observe yourself".
2. Use real objects to demonstrate this situation.
As the saying goes, "seeing is believing" is a law for people to know objective things. It is from this cognitive law that the situation is demonstrated in kind. The objects involved in the common sense text are unfamiliar to students, and as soon as they are presented, children will suddenly understand. The physics demonstration can be presented by the teacher, or
So that the students can show it themselves. For example, after the lesson of "Huangshan Rock", let the students take pictures of their scenic spots and bring them into the classroom. Ask the students to show their photos and introduce the scenic spots they have visited. This not only enriches students' life experience, but also exercises students' oral expression ability.
3. Reproduce the scene with pictures
Writing and painting are interlinked. Therefore, by using pictures to reproduce the situation of writing, the writing can be concretized and visualized, and the effect of "a picture is worth a thousand words" can be achieved. In front of the picture, students can see clearly and feel truly. From the color and brightness of the picture, they can not only perceive the content of the text quickly and stereoscopically, but also be easy to accept and understand and cultivate aesthetic feeling. At the same time, they can also appreciate the author's ingenuity in transforming pictures into language and his creativity in painting according to words. When using pictures to reproduce the situation, teachers should give guidance and inspiration to guide students to understand the direction; At the same time, we should tell it emotionally, so that students can fully feel the image and enter the situation.
4. Play music to render the scene
Music is an art that attracts people's hearing and activates people's association and imagination. Music forms an artistic image, reflects social life and expresses people's thoughts and feelings through the organized arrangement of musical sounds. At the same time, music is the composer's soul and the flow of emotions, so music can best mobilize people's emotions, soothe people's hearts, render the situation and create an atmosphere. If music language and language can communicate, teaching can really mobilize students' hearing, vision and other organs, and in this synaesthesia, unexpected results can be achieved.
5. Play the role and experience the situation
In order to make the teaching situation truly reappear in front of students, teachers can guide students to play the role in the text like acting, so that students can go deep into the text and tell what they see, hear, think and feel from the standpoint of this role. Because the psychological position of students is changed into the psychological position of characters in the text, not only the content of the textbook can be quickly expressed, but also it can be quickly understood.
There are four ways to role-play and experience situations: (1) Enter the role. Let the students read the text with strong feelings and experience the thoughts and feelings of various characters in the text. (2) Read aloud in different roles. This kind of reading can make students hear the different voices of various characters in the textbook. Although they didn't see the people, they heard their voices and improved their understanding of the text. (3) direct performance. In the selected plays in the text, students can be organized to dress up as characters in the play and perform different roles on the basis of reading aloud, such as white-haired girl (excerpt) and Qu Yuan (excerpt), so that students can experience the personality characteristics of the characters in the performance. (4) Adapting the textbook drama. It is also a method of Chinese teaching to write a script according to the text and then let the students perform it.
Step 6 soften the language that describes the situation
The five methods mentioned above, no matter which one, must be realized through the teaching language. Without the teaching language, it is impossible to create teaching situations. Even if you have a certain situation, you can't play a teaching role and realize the value of the situation. Therefore, teaching language is the basis of creating teaching situations. With the growth of age, the thinking ability is gradually enhanced. If we only rely on the intuitive teaching situation, it will make the teaching simple and superficial, which is not conducive to the cultivation and training of students' abstract thinking, nor can it stimulate students' strong thirst for knowledge and satisfy students' pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty at a higher level. From this perspective, we must also attach importance to the role of teaching language. In the final analysis, the teacher's ability lies in the teaching language, and the teaching art is finally embodied in the teaching language. The use of teaching language should be accurate, concise and interesting in content; From the aspect of form, we should achieve the beauty of decoration, style and physique.
7. Optimization of teaching situation
In creating teaching situations, I introduced six methods from different angles, but in practice,
If we want to optimize and improve teaching efficiency, we can't do both. We need to proceed from reality and apply these specific methods flexibly and comprehensively.
In a word, the application of situational teaching in Chinese teaching is a pleasant teaching, which can greatly improve the teaching efficiency. Teachers should be familiar with the teaching mode of situational education, skillfully and appropriately use various situational creation methods to stimulate students' interest in learning, cultivate students' learning ability and improve their intelligence level.