Napoleon thought he was a foreigner at first, hoping to make Corsica independent from France one day. His father died at the age of 16. He dropped out of school and was awarded the title of second lieutenant in artillery. During his stay with the army in various places, he read many works of enlightenment thinkers, including Jean? Jacob. Rousseau's thoughts had a great influence on him. 1789 After the French Revolution broke out, Napoleon returned to Corsica, hoping to promote Corsica's independence, but was excluded by another pro-British and anti-French Poly Group, and finally his family fled to France.
The political situation in France is unpredictable and surging. At the beginning of the Great Revolution, the bourgeois gironde people representing the interests of the industrial and commercial class seized power and established a constitutional monarchy. However, in 179 1 year, King Louis XVI colluded with foreign reactionary forces, and the plot was exposed, abolishing the monarchy and changing the kingdom of France into the French Republic. 1793 At the beginning of this year, Louis XVI was executed. In June of the same year, jacobins, a bourgeois democrat headed by robespierre, came to power, and the French Revolution reached its climax. However, the first anti-French alliance was established. In July, Napoleon, who was already a major, led an army to capture Toulon, a royalist fortress. Therefore, he was appreciated by jacobins and was promoted to Brigadier General Napoleon who crossed the Alps. Napoleon was investigated for his close relationship with the robespierre brothers in the hot month coup of 1794, and was later removed from the rank of brigadier general because he refused to serve in the infantry unit of the Italian legion. 1795, entrusted by the Parisian Governor ballas, he successfully quelled the armed rebellion of the royalist party, which was also a famous campaign to suppress the royalist party. Napoleon was promoted to lieutenant general of the army and commander of the Paris garrison overnight, and began to make his mark in the military and political circles.
The war in the north (1796- 1799)
Napoleon was an excellent strategist, who had a deep study of military knowledge at that time and was good at applying various military strategies to actual combat, especially advocating the centralized use of artillery and giving full play to the mobile role of cavalry. 1796 On March 2, 26, Napoleon was appointed commander-in-chief of the Italian army of the French Republic. On March 9, he and his lover Josephine? Bohanas got married and hurried to the front. Interestingly, Napoleon's descent also belongs to Italy. Although he is a French citizen, his father is Italian. In Italy, Napoleon's army repeatedly repelled the first anti-French alliance formed by General Villm Ze of the Austrian Empire and Sa Ding, and finally forced the other side to sign an armistice treaty in favor of the French Republic. This is a masterpiece of Napoleon's military history, but the French army burned and looted in Italy, which caused many criticisms.
After the victory of the Italian campaign, Napoleon's prestige became higher and higher, and he became a new hero of the people of the French Republic. His rise made the governor feel threatened, so he was appointed as the commander of the army of the Arab Republic of Egypt (Oriental Army) of the French Republic and sent to the east to curb the expansion of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the region. In Napoleon's expedition, in addition to 2000 cannons, he also brought 175 scholars from various industries, as well as hundreds of boxes of books and research equipment. During the expedition, Napoleon once issued a famous instruction: "Let donkeys and scholars walk in the middle of the team." Napoleon himself was proficient in mathematics and loved literature and religion very much. He was deeply influenced by the Enlightenment. He once created a mathematical "Napoleon Theorem".
However, 1798' s expedition to Egypt itself was a great failure. Although Napoleon commanded the French army to win an all-round victory on land. Napoleon's fleet was completely destroyed by British Admiral Nelson, and his troops were trapped in Egypt. 1799 When returning to China, there were only two small ships left in the 400 warships, and the original plan to invade India was blocked and suffered heavy losses.
First award (1799- 1804)
At this time, the European anti-French alliance gradually formed, and the royalist forces of the French Republic gradually rose. 1799 In August, Napoleon finally decided to go back to Paris. 1799 In June, Napoleon, who returned to France, was welcomed as the "savior". 165438+1October 9, Napoleon launched a coup in the foggy month, which succeeded. He became the first ruler of the French Republic, actually a dictator.
After Napoleon, many major reforms were carried out in politics, education, justice, administration, legislation and economy. Among them, the most famous Code of Napoleon, which still has important influence, was drafted by Napoleon on the night of the coup. Napoleon himself participated in the discussion and finalized many articles, basically adopting the more rational principles put forward in the early days of the French Republic revolution. This code was officially implemented in 1804. Even after more than a century, it is still the current law of the French Republic. Code plays an important role in the legislation of Germany, Spain, Switzerland and other countries. In an announcement to the people three weeks after the coup, Napoleon proudly declared: "Citizens, the Great Revolution has returned to the principles from which it originated. The Great Revolution is over. "
In addition, Napoleon also determined the national education system that has been preserved to this day, as well as the French Legion of Honor system.
King (1804- 1806)
The coronation of Napoleon 1802 In August, Napoleon revised the eight-year constitution of the Republic and changed it to life-long governance. 1804165438+1October 6, the Republic Constitution of 12 was adopted by referendum, and the French Republic was changed to the French Empire, Napoleon? Bonaparte was the emperor of France and was called Napoleon I. On February 2, 65438, he was officially crowned. Instead of being crowned by Pope pope pius vii, he put the crown on his head and gave it to his wife Josephine? Bohanas was crowned queen. A year later, he was crowned king of Italy by the Pope, but he didn't have time to manage the kingdom, so he made his stepson Eun (son of Josephine and her ex-husband) the deputy king of Italy to manage Italy.
From 1803, Napoleon began to conceive that the French navy would cross the English Channel to invade Britain. Since then, his war has gradually changed from a just war of self-defense to an unjust war of aggression for the benefit of the big bourgeoisie. He took great pains to invade Britain and appointed some relatively capable naval commanders. But Napoleon himself was not proficient in naval warfare at all, and his battle plan was unrealistic. The determination of the British people to fight against Japan led to the final failure. In the Trafalgar naval battle of 1805, British general Nelson (the admiral who destroyed the French fleet in the war of recruiting Egypt) was killed, but the French commander Villenave was captured and the French navy was almost wiped out. Since then, France has lost its maritime hegemony with Britain. But Napoleon had no time to take care of such things, because Britain had provoked Austria, Russia and other continental European countries to form a third anti-French alliance in order to understand the ocean, and Napoleon had to give up his battle plan to invade Britain.
1805 In August, Austria, Britain and Russia formed the third anti-French alliance, so Napoleon left Paris on September 24 and went eastward in person. By June of 10, the fighting forces of Faosterritz had occupied Munich. 101October 17 After the fierce battle between the First French Empire and the Austrian Empire in Ulm, the anti-French alliance surrendered. After that, on February 2nd, 12, the first French Empire defeated 90,000 Russian-Austrian allied forces with a weak force of 70,000 people, forcing the Austrian Empire to cancel the title of Holy Roman Empire. Napoleon then joined the German vassal states to form the "Rhine Federation" and put it under his own protection.
The following autumn, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Russia and Prussia formed the fourth anti-French alliance. June 65438+10/October 65438+April, Napoleon led an army to attack the Prussian army. At the Battle of Jena, he concentrated 90,000 troops to attack Pu Jun, but this was not the main force of Pu Jun at all. In Ohrstedt, 20,000 inferior troops of French Marshal Davao met the main force of 50,000 troops under the personal command of the King of Prussia. Marshal Davao struggled to command the 20,000-strong army to defeat the Prussian army, and Pu Jun was almost wiped out. The king and queen of Wang Pu fled for their lives. Napoleon thus gained most of Germany. 1In June, 807, the French army defeated the Russian army in the Battle of Ailao and the Battle of Friedland, Poland. Napoleon met with Russian czar Alexander I and the two sides signed a peace treaty. The year before last, Napoleon issued an Amnesty order in Berlin, announcing the mainland blockade policy and prohibiting any trade between the European continent and Britain. From then on, the supremacy of the first French Empire in the European continent was established. Napoleon I was also the king of Italy, the protector of the Rhine Federation and the arbiter of the Swiss Federation, and named his brothers Joseph, Louis and Jerome the kings of Naples, Holland and Westphalia respectively.
Dominate Europe (1808-1811)
/kloc-at the end of 0/807, civil strife broke out in Spain, and the Spanish king was spurned by the people. Napoleon then took the opportunity to invade Spain and let his eldest brother Joseph? Joseph Bonaparte became king of Spain. But this move was opposed by the Spanish, and Napoleon could not quell the local riots at all. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland intervened in the Spanish dispute on 1808. British troops landed in Montego Bay on August 8th and occupied the whole of Portugal on August 30th. Later, with the support of local nationalists, they gradually drove the French out of the Iberian Peninsula. Napoleon's war of aggression in Spain was a big mistake in his strategy. Since then, the French army has fallen into the dilemma of fighting on two fronts, with the western front fighting on the Libyan peninsula and the eastern front dealing with the anti-French alliance.
At the beginning of 1809, the fifth anti-French alliance was established at the battle of Vagram, when Napoleon was mired in the Spanish quagmire. The Austrian Empire attacked French territory in Germany from behind, and Napoleon was forced to withdraw his troops from Spain and lead the army eastward. From April19 to 23, the French army won all five wars and occupied Vienna on May 13. Napoleon and Archduke Charles commanded the troops to join forces in the Battle of Aspen-Esslin, and the French army was defeated. Marshal Rana was killed, and the French army was forced to retreat to Luobao Island, killing and injuring more than 30,000 people and capturing more than 20,000 Austrian casualties. This is the first defeat since Napoleon unified the army himself. Although he has suffered several defeats before, he didn't command them himself. However, Napoleon turned defeat into victory with his iron will, and the French army won a decisive victory in the Battle of Vagram on July 5-6, forcing Austria to sign the Vienna Peace Treaty and cede land again. The following year, Napoleon married the Austrian princess Mary? Louise became his wife, France and Austria formed an alliance, and the first French Empire reached its peak. Napoleon became the hegemon of Europe, the same as Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great.
For several years, Napoleon did not wage war.
Beat Russia (18 12)
Napoleon always wanted to rule the whole of Europe. Only Russia in the European continent is out of his control. Napoleon knew that only stepping on Russia could conquer Britain. It's not that he didn't consider the consequences of attacking Russia, but that his unparalleled military talent declined in 18 12 because of his arrogant ambition.
18 12 In May, Napoleon led 570,000 troops who spoke 12 languages to Russia. The Russian army resolutely opposed Napoleon's aggression. Although the French army won all the way, the casualties were extremely heavy. 1865438+On September 7, 2002, after the Battle of Borodino (70,000 French troops were killed and seriously injured), the French army was about to enter Moscow. Russian commander Kutuzov pushed his way through the crowd and decided to give up the capital. He wants to preserve the effective strength of the other half of the Russian army.
/kloc-In September of 0/6, Napoleon entered Moscow on a burly horse, and Alexander I and Kutuzov, together with senior Russian generals and most Moscow residents, had already left Moscow. Napoleon thought Alexander I would compromise, but he was greeted by a sea of fire all over Moscow. The coming winter, the Russian people's resolute refusal to surrender, and a failed coup planned by General Male at home at this time forced him to rush back to France.
The French army withdrew from Russia.
In the cold winter in Russia, the ever-present Russian pursuers and guerrillas frightened Napoleon. The French army either died in battle or froze to death, and finally less than 30 thousand people returned to France. Since then, the army that made Europe tremble has ceased to exist. After the failure of the expedition to Russia, the first empire of France was greatly weakened, and the declining France will face the whole Europe that was forced to submit.
Dead end (1813-1814)
After Napoleon's defeat in the Russian battlefield, Alexander was ambitious and decided to immediately organize troops to completely defeat France in order to dominate Europe. However, when the Russian army pursued the defeated French army, it also suffered a great blow because Alexander I decided to form an anti-French alliance.
Of course, Napoleon also tried to block the establishment of the anti-French alliance. Through Princess Desire of Sweden, he hoped that her husband, Crown Prince Bernardote of Sweden, would join the French side, but in the end he failed. At the same time, he established his wife, Princess of Austria and Queen Louise as the regent of the empire to contain Austria. However, in 18 13, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Russia, Prussia and Sweden formed the sixth anti-French alliance, and the two sides fought fiercely in Germany many times. Although the French army won many victories in Luzen and Baochen, Napoleon was under increasing pressure. After a short truce, as Austria fell into an anti-French alliance, the allied forces surpassed Napoleon.
The war in Europe has rekindled. In August, Napoleon commanded a defensive war in Dresden, the capital of Saxony, and won. Due to the lack of cavalry, the French army failed to expand the results. Since then, the French army has repeatedly suffered setbacks in Germany.
In the battle of Leipzig from June 65438 to 19 10, the French army concentrated155,000 people, and the allied forces were twice as strong as the French army. Although French Marshal Miao La's cavalry began to defeat the three emperors, Napoleon was forced to retreat. On the way back, the French army suffered a heavy blow from the allied forces, leaving only 56,000 beaten soldiers. The Rhine Federation was dissolved soon. The allies were able to advance on France.
18 14, the anti-French alliance once again proposed a truce, that is, the French territory was restored to the state of 1790. Napoleon thought it was an insult and refused to accept it. He reorganized the army to fight again, but the French army had only 65,438+10,000 people, while the allies had 350,000 people!
654381October 29th, in Brienne, Napoleon revisited his old place. He commanded the army to defeat the Prussian army and restored the low morale since the Battle of Leipzig. 1 in February, the French army and allied forces fought again on the larotier river. Although they lost, the French army showed great courage. From February of 10 to February of 14, Napoleon commanded the French army to defeat the allied forces in Paubel, Mont Millare, Chateautier, Woshang and other places, which shows that his military talents are being greatly exerted.
1865438+March 3, 20041day, Paris was occupied. The Allies demanded the unconditional surrender of France, and Napoleon had to abdicate. Napoleon wanted his son, the king of Rome, to inherit the throne in the name of Napoleon II, but he was rejected by the anti-French alliance. 181April 13 Napoleon signed the abdication edict at Fontainebleau Palace in Paris, and two days later Napoleon announced his unconditional surrender. The first empire of France perished. Napoleon himself was exiled to the Mediterranean island of Elba after he abdicated. Napoleon retained the title of "Emperor", but his territory was limited to that small island.
Napoleon was almost assassinated on his way to the island of Elba and tried to commit suicide. In Paris, Louis Stanislas Xavier returned to France, became the king of France again, and the Bourbon Dynasty was restored. Napoleon's wife and son were placed under house arrest by Austria, and it was rumored that Napoleon would be exiled to an island in the Atlantic Ocean. Napoleon had no choice. He paid close attention to the changes in the situation in France. The army and the people could not bear the exploitation of the French aristocrats headed by Louis Stanislas Xavier, and almost all thought Napoleon was their real monarch. Napoleon realized that it was time for restoration. He finally 18 15 escaped from the island on February 26th, leading 7000 troops. The French army sent to stop him continued to support Napoleon. Napoleon made a speech all the way, announcing that he would bring peace to France and would not expand outward. In addition, he will no longer practice autocratic rule, but change to a constitutional monarchy to ensure people's freedom. The king sent troops to intercept many times, but all the troops defected as soon as they saw the emperor. Cambacherez, Davao, Maretheu, Ney, Sirte and other civil and military ministers returned to his side. On March 20th, Napoleon returned to Paris. By this time, his regular army10.4 million people, volunteers 200 thousand people. Louis Stanislas Xavier escaped and the Hundred Days Dynasty began.
Hundred Days Dynasty (18 15)
The good times didn't last long. European countries quickly formed the seventh anti-French alliance. They have a total of 700,000 troops, while France has only 284,000. Napoleon analyzed the situation and thought that the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces only needed a small amount of troops to contain it, and the key target was the Anglo-Prussian Coalition forces in Belgium. On June 6th, he led his troops to Belgium and decided to capture Brussels.
On June 16, Napoleon unexpectedly defeated Pu Jun in the Battle of Lini. However, due to the slow action of the French army, Napoleon originally planned to annihilate Pu Jun, but the battle of Lini only turned into a rout, so Napoleon had to send Marshal grouchy to lead some troops to pursue Pu Jun.
On June 18 15, the Battle of Waterloo started. The commander of the British army is Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington. 72,000 French soldiers and 68,000 British soldiers fought a decisive battle to change19th century near the town of Waterloo. The main attack direction of the French army was the highland of Mount St. John, but the highland was never captured. In addition, most of the generals who have the ability to command the army in the French army did not participate in this battle, which led to the incompetence of the French army everywhere, including Napoleon's eighth brother Jerome. Battle of Waterloo
After a long battle, Marshal Ney led the cavalry to the highland of Mount St. John, which was no less than the cavalry charge at the Battle of Moscow Battery and Leipzig. Although the cavalry charge has no tactics, it is really sharp. The French cavalry broke through the phalanx and seized a large number of batteries. The British army was killed out of the water and Wellington's face changed greatly. However, British troops struggled to stop the French onslaught. Although Napoleon's victory was in sight, he saw Prussian troops reinforce here at noon, but it was too late for Marshal grouchy, the savior.
The British and French armies suffered heavy casualties, but the French army gained the upper hand. However, at 7 o'clock in the evening, the Prussian army was suddenly killed under the leadership of the deputy commander Biro, and the French army was defeated. They ran like hell. Although Napoleon and Ney tried to save the day, everything was in vain. General Brauner's last French phalanx was wiped out, and Waterloo was full of deserters. Napoleon had to be completely annihilated, and the fiasco of Waterloo completely disintegrated the Hundred Days Dynasty.
After Napoleon's defeat, the French people and his ministers strongly demanded his dictatorship and overthrew the parliament that forced him to abdicate. However, because Napoleon knew this, the bourgeoisie had abandoned him. Because he refused to launch the people's war of resistance.
On June 22, Napoleon abdicated, and the British decided to exile him to St. Helena, and they were very rude to him, leaving him no emperor's name.
Elegy of the island (1815-1821)
18 15 10 In October, Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean. He chose Bertrand, Montoren, Count Las Vegas and General Gurgaode to accompany him. St. Helena faces the African continent across the sea, so Napoleon can't escape, and he doesn't intend to escape, because he was completely desperate after the Battle of Waterloo. After Napoleon went ashore, he stayed at the home of British businessman Balkan. Later, he had a long wooden manor and lived there. He began to write his memoirs, which were dictated by him and recorded by the Count of Las Vegas. Here he also made a famous remark that "China is a sleeping lion, and once he wakes up, it will shock the world".
Napoleon was exiled to st Helena 182 1. On May 5th, Napoleon died on the island. On May 8th, the conqueror was buried beside Torbett Spring in St Helena and paid tribute to him. Today, there are still different opinions about the cause of Napoleon's death. The autopsy report of doctors in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland showed that he died of a severe gastric ulcer, but new research believes that Napoleon died of arsenic poisoning. Moreover, from the wallpaper that the nobles loved in those days, historians also found that because of the humid environment, arsenic-containing minerals are likely to infiltrate into the environment. There is also a saying that Count Montoren gave Napoleon wine for a long time because he was bribed by the British and was eager to inherit part of Napoleon's legacy.
Nine years after his death, under the pressure of the people, the New Orleans dynasty erected a statue of Napoleon on the pillar of Vendom. 1840, King Louis of July Dynasty in France? Philip sent his son to retrieve Napoleon's body. 65438+ February 65438+In May of that year, Napoleon's coffin was transported back to Paris, passed through the Arc de Triomphe, and was buried in the old disabled soldiers' retirement home (Honorary Military Hospital) on the banks of the Seine.
Napoleon's famous battles and previous anti-French alliances
As a result of the famous battle commanded by Napoleon, he was a member of all previous anti-French alliances.
The first anti-French alliance 1793- 1797 Britain, Austria, Prussia, Toulon, the Netherlands, suppressed the royalist campaign, and France won the mantua campaign.
The Second Anti-French Alliance 1798- 180 1 Russia and Austria won the Battle of Marengo in France, and France and Austria signed the Peace Treaty of Luneville.
The Third Anti-French Alliance 1805 Britain, Russia, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Thuram and Austerlitz were defeated, and the Pressburg Peace Treaty was signed.
The Fourth Anti-French Alliance 1806- 1807 The Battle of Britain, Russia, Switzerland and Puyena, the Battle of Mourning Prison, the victory of friedland's fighting art, France, Russia and Pu signed the Tilsit Peace Treaty.
The 5th Anti-French Alliance 1809 The British and Austrian Vagram won the battle art, and France and Austria signed the Vienna Peace Treaty.
The Sixth Anti-French Alliance1813-1814 Napoleon was defeated and captured in the Russian, Prussian, British, Swiss and Olympic campaigns, France signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau with its allies, and Napoleon was imprisoned in the island of Elba.
The Seventh Anti-French Alliance 18 15 Napoleon was defeated again in the Battle of Waterloo in Britain, Russia, Austria and Puvo, and was exiled to St. Helena.
The territory of the first French Empire in its heyday (18 12)
[Edit this paragraph] Napoleon's influence
Napoleon I, a famous general and emperor of the French Republic, was born in ajaccio, Corsica in 1769. His original name was Napoleon? 1796 Boisne changed to Bonaparte. France acquired Corsica about 15 months before his birth.
Napoleon was the first ruler of the French Republic after the coup in Fog Moon. Although nominally three people were in power, Napoleon was actually a long-term military dictatorship. Napoleon actively encouraged the development of industry and commerce. 1800, he founded the Bank of France. He also legislated to ensure farmers' ownership of small plots of land. He despised the theocracy represented by the Pope. 1802, he signed the agreement between church and state with Pope pope pius vii to ensure religious peace. Napoleon tried his best to strengthen the centralization of the central bureaucracy and established the Senate with himself as its chairman. He abolished the local autonomous election system, and the county magistrate, mayor and county magistrate were all appointed by the central government. The power of the National Assembly has been weakened, and the Legislative Yuan, the People's Protection Court and the Senate have no right to decide national legislation, which is in name only. However, although these policies can also show Napoleon's ambition, the French people who love freedom still accepted them, because the so-called "freedom" and "democracy" after the Great Revolution not only failed to give them stability, but also divided France. They even voted in 1804 to declare Napoleon emperor, and passed the resolution by an overwhelming majority. Napoleon strengthened the censorship of newspapers and demanded jacobins's radical demands, and suppressed all royalist rebellion and workers' agitation. But after Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, he gradually tended to compromise with feudal forces. He enfeoffed the upstart, restored the hereditary system in disguise, allowed the fugitive nobles to return to China, and distributed unsold land. His army launched wars of aggression again and again, continental Europe 18 12.
However, Napoleon's most famous masterpiece is the Napoleonic Code. This code is a typical bourgeois law, which is divided into three articles, 35 chapters and 228 1. This code was introduced in 1804. It defended the achievements of the bourgeois revolution, attacked the feudal remnants and embodied the principles of the French Revolution. Napoleon personally participated in the discussion of most clauses. The original name of this law is the Civil Code of the French Republic, which has established a relatively complete legal system. In the land occupied by Napoleon's army, it was enforced, so Napoleon's code was widely circulated in history. Almost all the laws of European capitalist countries borrowed this code. When Napoleon was defeated and exiled to St. Helena, he said, "My real glory is not that I won more than 40 battles. The Battle of Waterloo erased my memory of all this. However, one thing will not be forgotten, and it will last forever-that is my Civil Code. "
Napoleon was a well-deserved bourgeois revolutionary. He defended the achievements of the French Revolution, defeated foreign invaders and buried the old autocratic regime. But at the same time, he suppressed the bourgeois revolution, invaded European countries and established a new authoritarian regime. He is one of the most controversial people in history.
It is said that the Napoleonic era provided an opportunity to consolidate the achievements of the French Republic revolution and ensure the vested interests of the bourgeoisie in the French Republic. Therefore, when the French monarchy was finally restored in 18 15, these changes were so deeply rooted in the hearts of the people that it was impossible to restore the social order of the old system. But the most important change happened before Napoleon. 1799 When Napoleon came to power, it seemed that it was too late to restore the original state. Although Napoleon had his own ambition to establish a monarchy, he played a role in spreading the ideal of the French Revolution to the whole of Europe. Napoleon also had a great indirect influence on the history of Latin America. His invasion of Spain weakened the Spanish government and made it unable to control its colonies in Latin America for several years. It was during this period of de facto autonomy that the independence movement in Latin America began.
Napoleon made a deal, seemingly unrelated to his main intention, but it became one of the most lasting and meaningful events in his life. That is, Napoleon sold a large piece of land to the United States in 1803. He realized that it must be very difficult to defend the land occupied by the French Republic in North America from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and he lacked funds. The Louisiana Contract is perhaps the largest land transfer in the whole history, making the United States a country with an area close to a continent. Without the Louisiana contract, it is difficult to predict what the United States would be like, and it will definitely be very different from today's America. In fact, if there is no Louisiana contract, it is hard to say whether the United States can become a powerful country.
Napoleon had excellent military command ability. During the 23 years from the Battle of Toulon to the Battle of Waterloo, he commanded countless battles, most of which were victories. Although his war was aggressive, it aroused the resistance of the people of the invaded country, but it also hit the feudal forces in Europe. Many battles he commanded are still of great significance in military history today. However, his campaign broke the balance of power in Europe, leading other European powers to form anti-French alliances seven times, and finally defeated Napoleon completely. At the Vienna Conference after Napoleon's defeat, the new European order and balance were quickly rebuilt.
At the same time, Napoleon was very studious and an academician of the French Academy of Sciences. He was very interested in mathematics, and he proved the "Napoleon Triangle" in mathematics.
In addition, Napoleon was also the first person who put forward the idea of the United States of Europe and tried to realize it by force. Although he himself did not successfully realize this dream, today's Europe is moving towards the goal of integration.
Napoleon brought glory to France, and the French people always loved this French soldier (interestingly, he always thought that France was not his motherland before 18). After his body arrived in Paris on February 1840, 900,000 Parisians braved the cold to meet him. Years later, Napoleon also won the respect of his opponent. 1855, Queen Victoria of England took the Crown Prince (later Edward VII) to the Veterans Hospital, and the Queen asked the Prince to "kneel at the tomb of the great Napoleon".
[Edit this paragraph] Napoleon Chronology
1August, 76915th-born in ajaccio, Corsica.
Leave my hometown for France.
65438+65438 in0779+65438 in10+0 —————————————————— Enter Orton Middle School.
May13 ——————————————— Enter the military school of Brenney.
17841June 19- entered the Paris Military Academy.
1February 24, 785 ———————————————————————————————————— My father was lost.
September1————————— was appointed as the artillery second lieutenant of Vallance Lafer artillery regiment.
101On October 30th, he left for Vallance.
1786 September15-Return to Corsica.
1787 September12 ——————————————— Return to Paris from Corsica.
1788 65438+ 10 ~ May —————————— Return to Corsica.
June ——————————————————— Served in Osong.
The people of Paris conquered the Bastille and the French Revolution began.
Return to Corsica in September.
179 1 year 65438+1end of October ————————————— From Corsica to France.
Principle of justice