Carefully examine the patient according to the operation schedule, ensure the accuracy of the operation site, and collect items and medicines. At the same time, strengthen the psychological preparation of surgical patients and reduce their psychological reactions such as anxiety and fear, so as to cooperate with the smooth operation. Surgical patients should be prepared for surgery and sent to the operating room in advance. Nurses in operating room should warmly receive patients.

(2) Surgical position

The visiting nurses are reasonably placed according to the surgical site of the patients. Its requirements are: ① to ensure the safety and comfort of patients to the greatest extent; ② Fully expose the operation area to reduce unnecessary exposure; (3) Limbs and joint pads must be firm and not suspended; ④ Ensure smooth breathing and blood circulation; ⑤ Avoid compressing blood vessels and nerves; ⑥ Proper fixation to prevent muscle sprain or pressure sore in all parts. Commonly used surgical positions are: supine position, lateral position, prone position, bladder lithotomy position, semi-sitting position and so on.

(3) Disinfection of the skin in the operation area

After setting the surgical position, the determined surgical incision including the skin around it within at least 15cm is disinfected to kill pathogenic microorganisms on the incision and the skin around it. The method is: first check the cleanliness, damage and infection of the skin in the operation area, and then use 0. 5% iodine, and then change the disinfection pliers for disinfection twice. Babies, facial skin, oral cavity and perineum can choose 1: 1000 benzalkonium bromide solution; The donor site can be disinfected with 70% ethanol for 2~ 3 times. The principle is to wipe the contaminated area gradually from the clean place, and the yarn ball that has contacted the contaminated area can not be wiped back to the clean place.

(4) Laying method of plates in operation area

After the skin in the operation area is disinfected, the first assistant and the instrument nurse will cover the sterile operation sheet to cover all parts except the incision. The principle is to cover the operating field with at least four layers of sterile sheets to avoid and reduce intraoperative pollution.