First, the critical thinking of textbooks
From small to large, we all take textbooks as the basis of learning, and teachers play the role of "preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts" in the learning process. Personally, when I was a child, I always admired textbooks and thought it was a sacred word. There is absolutely nothing wrong with it. If the teacher is different from what the book says, I will definitely think that the teacher is poor and the teacher made a mistake. With the growth of my age, I realized that textbooks are also compiled by people, and the contents are not sacred words, and the contents are not necessarily all right. I also realized the so-called "believing in books is not as good as having no books."
In college, with the growth of age, the deepening of knowledge level and the expansion of knowledge, I have my own ideas about some contents and opinions in the book, and I can also make some judgments and evaluations on them. When accepting some viewpoints in Ma Zhe's textbooks, such as materialism and dialectics, I think I should also raise some questions about some contents. First of all, why study philosophy? As the saying goes, "Thought is the vanguard of action." With the correct thinking as the banner, our work, study and life will be rational and have rules to follow. At the same time, Marxism is also the ideological guide of our party and people, and practice has proved that it can stand the test. Secondly, the times are developing. Due to the limitations of the times, some contents of Marxist philosophy should also be viewed from a developmental perspective, and some of them should be considered and endowed with distinctive characteristics of the times, instead of asking us to stick to the rules and accept their ideas. Finally, everyone has different views, and textbooks are written by scholars in real life. After all, it's not perfect. This is called "no matter how clever a person is, he may worry that he will lose." This requires us to think hard in the process of learning, use our brains to find out the imperfect details, communicate some of our views with teachers and classmates, learn from criticism and grow up in thinking.
Second, critical thinking of critical thinking
Nowadays, almost all human beings are immersed in the ocean of economy, the flowers of ideas begin to wither, and philosophy has become an anachronistic "cultural relic". Therefore, the word "criticism" with a strong rational color is almost forgotten by people, and people are experiencing the fun of "competition" in real life. However, in the history of modern thought, the word "criticism" was once very popular. Recalling this word today may give us some academic pleasure. Because an era that has not been criticized or criticized may be derived from an era of fierce criticism. I think the teacher's critical topic also wants us to calm down and think dialectically and rationally about textbooks and things around us!
Let's first look at the development and changes of "criticism" in the eyes of philosophers. In the eyes of German philosophers, the word "criticism" is very popular. Since Kant built a philosophical building with "Three Criticism", criticism has become a magic weapon in the hands of philosophers. In the process of the disintegration of Hegel's philosophy, "young hegelians" made criticism flood. In the 20th century, Frankfurt School abused criticism again, and developed philosophical criticism to a climax, so that there was no way out. Frankfurt School's social criticism theory is the end of criticism, because this kind of criticism absolutely denies everything in reality, making philosophy no longer the rationality of human beings, but the cynical complaints of philosophers.
Secondly, I have some views on "criticism". Why do some people hold positive opinions and some people hold negative opinions on one thing? In addition, even the same thing, the same person will have two completely different views. Why? This is the dialectical thought in philosophy. The concept of dialectics already contains the meaning of negation, that is, affirmation is realized through negation. We can put forward our own critical opinions on things or phenomena around us, which shows that we are still thinking rationally. Even if this criticism is individualistic, it is our own idea after all. The essence that distinguishes man from other animals lies in rational thinking. At the same time, I think dialectical thinking is a way of thinking that respects objective facts, and it is a universal interpretation principle about social and natural's opposition. Of course, dialectics, as a universal principle of interpretation, never stays on the superficial explanation, but requires a critical reflection on the internal relationship of reality.
Take the example around us as an example. In view of the widespread anti-Japanese sentiment and boycott of Japanese goods among students, some conscious people stand up and tell us what to do, saying that as contemporary college students, we should keep calm, not be emotional, and treat this matter with the quality that we college students should have. The latter is a critical reflection on the former behavior. However, let's think about it. Since we are hot-blooded young intellectuals, Japan's aggression and persecution against us in the past can't be ignored, but today he can't make a clear statement on historical issues, let alone reflect on the historical crimes he committed. At the same time, he also tampered with Japanese history textbooks many times. Can we tolerate such behavior? In addition, Japan did not comply with the relevant provisions of international law, and to some extent, it occupied the East China Sea continental shelf and Diaoyu Islands belonging to China. Can we swallow such humiliation again and again? Recently, Japan has been clamoring to become a permanent member of the United Nations without acknowledging historical issues. I don't think any rational China people will agree! It can be seen that the above facts are critical thinking about the latter's point of view.
Generally speaking, we should think about everything in a dialectical way, look at problems with a critical eye (that is, a skeptical eye), and question one side of things, so that we can see the other side of things and look at things more comprehensively, objectively and accurately.
Third, critical thinking on the status quo and growth process of self-independence.
Engels once pointed out: "The fact that people come from the animal kingdom determines that people can never completely get rid of animality, so the problem can only be that they can get rid of it more or less, that is, the difference between animality and humanity." I think people become people because they can work and think rationally, which is the essence of people.
People are social people, which I think everyone with a little philosophical knowledge knows. However, the topic given by the teacher is to ask us to think critically about the growth of our independence. I feel very confused here. As one of the social people, I have lived in the environment of family and friends since I was a child. Even when I grow up, it is not an independent process. But from another perspective, the process of growth is indeed independent. According to Marxist philosophy, this is the contradiction of things.
Materialist dialectics holds that everything in the world contains contradictions, but the contradictions of different things are different and different. Therefore, any contradiction is the dialectical unity of universality and particularity. The first meaning of the universality of contradiction is that contradiction exists in the development process of everything, that is, everything has contradictions and contradictions are everywhere; The second meaning is that there are contradictions in the development of everything from beginning to end, immediate contradictions and all the time contradictions. In addition, the particularity of contradiction refers to the contradiction of everything, and every aspect of contradiction has its own characteristics. Similarly, there were various contradictions in my growing up.
From a crying baby to a mature and rational college student, there are laughter and sadness in this growth process. It can be said that I have basically no impression of what happened before the first grade of primary school. In this article, starting from my primary school career, I will explain the influence of some important things on my growth process and some feelings in the process.
Primary school-learn to be honest
Six years of primary school life is quite long, with no ups and downs. It should be called insipid. Maybe I was young at that time and didn't understand the richness of life. I only know the life of going to school at two o'clock every day. There are fewer memorable events. One thing is fresh in my memory, and that is what happened in the third grade of primary school. My grades have never been below the top ten in my class. However, in the next final exam of Grade Three, I got 1 1. The moment I got the notice, my first thought was "Oh, no, I will definitely be scolded". Of course, when I was young, I couldn't think of more advanced ideas such as disappointing my parents. Besides, I thought my relatives around me would definitely read my report card. There used to be only a few, but now I have gone to 1 1, and I feel embarrassed myself. It is really the so-called "a dog jumps over a wall". After briefly thinking about the consequences, I decided to change 1 1 to 4 with my own pen. You can imagine how I changed it. At that time, I didn't have time to look at the results of the reform and think about it, so I took my report card and went back with my friends. Dad asked me how much I got in the exam, and I said I was fourth. Dad was very happy. He asked his mother to cook good food for me. Of course I accepted it with a clear conscience, and then I went to play with my friends. However, in the evening, I was called back to the house. I saw my parents and uncles "studying" with my report card. At that time, my heart sank and I felt something was wrong The next second, my father asked me if I changed my report card. Of course, I stubbornly refused to admit it. At that time, I thought the consequences would be serious, so I kept denying it. At that time, I didn't know that adults were smart, and this little trick played by children was obvious at a glance. Maybe it was naive to change the law at that time. On the whole, the consequences were really serious, and I was educated by my parents all night. Of course, it's not because I got 1 1, but because I'm dishonest. Now I feel embarrassed and embarrassed when I think about the scene of being criticized. That's why I always remember it. I have kept it in my heart for so many years and often take it as a warning. I must be honest. No matter what you have done wrong and how serious the consequences are, telling others the truth is the most important thing. Honesty is a virtue. I choose to be honest with my relatives, friends and others, so I have many friends around me over the years, perhaps partly because of my personality charm. Some things are deeply remembered because they inspired us to learn how to grow better, be a better person and be honest and upright when we were growing up.
Junior high school-learn to be a man.
I grew up in a junior high school wrapped in honor. I stood out from my classmates in the first semester of junior one, which attracted the attention of teachers and classmates. Gradually, the praise from teachers and classmates made me more confident. Maybe you have to say that as a wise man, you should not live in the praise of others, nor should you affirm your own value with the affirmation of others. But what I want to say is that my mind was not mature at that time. Perhaps vanity was at work. Listening to people's praise, my heart was full of sweetness. At that time, I couldn't listen to criticism at all. It is precisely because of my sharp edge that some of my classmates, especially my roommates in the dormitory, began to reject me collectively and refused to talk to me. What intensifies the contradiction is that when I made the same mistake, the teacher punished them instead of criticizing me because of my good grades. At that time, it was even more difficult for me to stand in the dormitory. As soon as I opened the door, I saw a group of people talking. Seeing me go in, I was silent and parted. No one wants to meet that situation. In the next period of time, I will reflect on myself and try to improve the relationship with my roommates (for example, communicate with my roommates more, drive and help everyone to move forward together, and don't be privileged in front of teachers, etc.). Through a series of efforts, I finally got the recognition of my classmates and my interpersonal relationship has been greatly improved. From this incident, I learned how to be a man and how to be modest; I learned how to get along with people and how to blend in with a group. Lei Feng once said, "A drop of water will never dry up unless it is thrown into the sea. A person can be most powerful only if he integrates himself into the collective cause. " I appreciate this sentence and agree with it very much. The achievements and honors achieved in the second and third grades are inseparable from the support of the students. Harmonious interpersonal relationship makes me like to go with the flow and have a very happy and fulfilling study. Since junior high school, I have been reminding myself to be modest, always superior and not arrogant, which is a good foundation for my senior high school and university cadres to have a good mass base. Thanks for setbacks, let me grow up!
High school-learn to learn.
It is precisely because learning in junior high school is too easy and easy that I paid insufficient attention to learning as soon as I entered senior high school. I always thought it was easy to learn, and I was sure to learn it well if I wanted to. It's what I've always thought. I didn't spend time or study hard at the beginning of my study. I think I have a good foundation. I can catch up with it with a little study. The most outrageous thing is to play with good friends in different ways, chat together in self-study class, and be distracted in class. Now that I think about it, I didn't pay too much attention to learning at that time, which may be related to the rebellious thoughts of young people. The more the teacher emphasizes that high school study has a greater impact on my future life, the more I feel contradictory. I think the teacher is completely alarmist and doesn't have to listen to him at all. This state continued until the third year of high school. Seeing that all the students around me are preparing for the college entrance examination and studying hard, I began to feel a little anxious. I am at a loss when I am in a hurry. I don't know where my future is and what my ideal is. When people ask me where I want to apply to, I have no idea. I spent my senior year in a daze, hesitation and anxiety. Of course, I will know what the result of the college entrance examination is when I think about it. My score is only on the shift line of an ordinary university. This result is expected, but also unexpected, expected because I know that I have not learned the real skills in these three years; Unexpectedly, I always feel that I have a good foundation and I have been spoiled since I was a child. How can people who grew up with applause accept such a result? Ask yourself, I think I am excellent, and I can't accept failure. Watching the students around me go to their ideal university with the admission notice, I knew what failure was at that moment. At that moment, I heard the gossip of people around me and read the faint disappointment in my parents' eyes. At that moment, my heart was broken and bleeding, and I fell to the ground drop by drop. It hurts ... I decided to repeat my studies for one year and strive for my own glory with my own sweat. It turns out that I did it. In the last year, I corrected my learning attitude, studied hard and memorized with my brain. I finally got into my ideal university. It can be said that repeating this year has had a great influence on me now. I learned to study, to do things seriously, to work hard, and to know that success is within reach. Since then, I have become stronger and more mature, and I have learned to be responsible for myself and my family. Knowing that success depends on sweat, there is no shortcut to learning. The most important thing is to have a strong heart that can withstand setbacks!
University-learn to think.
Entering the university, everything is so novel, and I feel that I should be independent. There will be no parental discipline and teacher bondage in the future. However, after studying Ma Zhe for a semester, I realized that I still have many shortcomings, which can also be said that my thoughts have reached a new height. No matter what kind of environment, I need endless study, and I can never leave my parents' care and teachers' guidance. I think I have the ability to make my own decisions, but I can't judge the multifaceted nature of things completely rationally. My knowledge, experience and conduct have not reached the height I imagined. I will continue to study, and the pace of thinking will grow with me. In the process of growing up, mistakes are inevitable. I will analyze carefully, improve myself and perfect myself in my mistakes.
To sum up, people will encounter many things in their life, and there will be troubles and happiness in the process of growth. The key is at which stage they should know what they should do, and they can't go beyond or go backwards, otherwise it will be a mistake. For example, I couldn't fall in love when I was studying in middle school, and now the university won't do such childish things as changing the report card. In any case, as a rational person, we should grow up in naivety, mature in setbacks and be self-disciplined in reflection. Gradually improve and improve yourself, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and make yourself a new person with morality, ideals, education and discipline, and be a qualified contemporary college student!