The word "autonomy" comes from the description of the nature of learning in pedagogy, and the essential attribute of learning is autonomy. That is, learning takes students as the main body of learning, and realizes learning goals through students' independent analysis, exploration, practice, questioning and creation. The category of "autonomous learning" itself shows the subject's own affairs and embodies the "dynamic" quality of "subject"; Learning is "autonomous" learning, and "autonomy" is the essence of learning.

The word "initiative" comes from developmental psychology/educational psychology? Eriksson's theory of eight stages of psychological development. It means that in childhood (1.5 ~ 3 years old), children mainly solve the conflict between autonomy and shyness (or doubt). During this period, children have mastered many skills, such as crawling, walking and talking. More importantly, they learn how to persist or give up, which means that children begin to "have the will" to decide what to do or not to do.

At this time, the contradiction between parents and children became fierce, that is, the first period of resistance appeared. On the one hand, parents must undertake the task of controlling children's behavior to conform to social norms, that is, to develop good habits, such as training children to urinate and defecate, making children ashamed of unclean defecation, training children to eat on time, and saving food. On the other hand, it is not easy for children to feel independent, stick to their own diet and excretion methods, and cultivate good habits.

At this time, children will repeatedly use "I", "we" and "no" to resist external control, and parents must not let themselves drift, which is not conducive to children's socialization. On the other hand, if it is too strict, it will hurt children's self-awareness and self-control. If parents do not properly protect or punish children, children will be suspicious and feel shy. Therefore, grasping the problem of "degree" is conducive to the formation of the will quality in children's personality.