The main psychological problems of higher vocational students are: adaptation to college life, academic problems, interpersonal problems, emotional problems and internet addiction.
(A) to adapt to college life
When students come to a brand-new university campus, they are faced with the adjustment and adaptation of natural environment, self-awareness and social activities. Higher vocational students are far away from their hometown and relatives, and everything in the university needs to be decided by themselves. Because of their weak self-care, adaptability and ability to accept setbacks, they can't change their roles well, and then they have negative and anxious emotions.
(2) Academic problems
Higher vocational education is mainly to cultivate students' professional skills and emphasize autonomous learning ability, so the student-centered teaching mode will be adopted in the teaching process, which is completely different from the teaching mode in high school. Due to the lack of self-discipline, students' learning adaptability is poor, and they can't quickly enter the university learning scene, which will lead to weak learning motivation, unsatisfactory grades, and even inferiority or even weariness of learning.
Relationship problems
In the brand-new learning and living environment, vocational college students are more eager to get the care and sincere friendship of others, especially the understanding and help of others, thus showing a very strong desire for interpersonal communication. However, due to the serious psychological tendency of "self-centeredness" and the lack of basic interpersonal skills, students usually show the characteristics of egoism, heavy suspicion, strong jealousy, unwillingness or fear of interacting with others, which leads to problems such as poor communication, unbalanced interpersonal relationship, fear of communication, and then negative emotions such as loneliness, inferiority, fear, dissatisfaction, trouble and anxiety.
(D) Emotional problems
Higher vocational students are in adolescence, their physical development is gradually mature, and their desire to approach the opposite sex is stronger. Students in higher vocational colleges have different motives for falling in love. Some students fall in love just because "college life is empty and boring" and regard love as a condiment of life. Some students fall in love to "experience love happiness"; Only a few students point their love motives to "getting married and starting a family in the future". In the process of love, college students only emphasize the right to love and ignore the responsibility of love, showing strong autonomy and poor binding force; Due to the characteristics of strong emotion and weak reason, the relationship between study and love cannot be handled correctly, which leads to individual students indulging in the whirlpool of love all day, not striving for progress, and finally neglecting their studies. At the same time, because students' emotional mind is not mature enough, they often can't rationally treat setbacks in love, and it is difficult to grasp their emotions when encountering problems, and they are impulsive and go to extremes.
Internet addiction problem
The rapid development of the Internet has brought convenience to people's life, study and work, but at the same time, its harm has attracted increasing attention. As the main group of netizens, the psychological and behavioral development of college students has been deeply branded with the Internet. The proportion of students using the Internet for learning is far less than that of playing games, chatting online and watching movies. In particular, some students are too addicted to the internet, which deviates from the normal life track: the management of daily time is chaotic, the scope of interpersonal communication is narrowed, students are indifferent, and their social adaptability is poor, which leads to obstacles in their academic and personal development. Internet addiction not only affects their study, work and life, but also seriously damages the healthy development of students' body and mind.
Second, measures to strengthen the mental health education of higher vocational students
As a special group in higher education, higher vocational students should pay more attention to their mental health. Developing students' mental health education in higher vocational colleges is the need to cultivate students' sound personality, promote their healthy growth and improve their social competitiveness.
(A) the establishment of mental health education courses for college students
If there are psychology teachers in higher vocational colleges, they should offer compulsory or elective courses in mental health education for higher vocational students. Through systematic study, students can not only master the knowledge of psychology, understand the characteristics and laws of their own psychological development and changes, but also shorten the psychological cycle of adapting to college life and accelerate the development and maturity of personality. Therefore, higher vocational colleges should actively create conditions to offer mental health education courses for higher vocational students, give full play to the role of classroom teaching, and combine the teaching of psychological knowledge with mental health education activities through diversified teaching forms, so that mental health education becomes the conscious requirement of college students.
(B) to strengthen the construction of mental health education team in higher vocational colleges
At present, teachers engaged in mental health education in China are mainly composed of ideological and political teachers, counselors, psychology teachers and school medical staff. (1) The construction of mental health education is a systematic educational project. All teachers should be encouraged to strengthen the study of mental health knowledge and form a complete psychological counseling system. The selection of new mental health education teachers should be strictly controlled. Teachers must have professionalism, professional ethics and dedication to help others, a high sense of responsibility and a strong sense of responsibility, and pay close attention to students' mental health from the heart. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the training of mental health knowledge for all teachers in higher vocational colleges, so that students can get psychological counseling and effective counseling when they encounter difficulties in study or life.
(C) to carry out healthy and civilized campus cultural activities
Healthy and civilized campus culture can bring positive energy to students and is one of the effective ways to carry out mental health education. By carrying out a variety of campus cultural activities, such as "talent contest", "speech contest", "street dance contest" and community activities, let students participate in them, experience the strength of the team and the happiness of classmates' cooperation, feel the gains brought by hard work, enjoy the joy brought by success, and enhance students' successful experience, so as to cultivate college students' positive and optimistic attitude towards life, healthy and happy emotions, strong will to face setbacks and good and harmonious interpersonal relationships. While organizing social activities and competitions, we should also make full use of school radio, internet, school magazine, blackboard newspaper, window and other publicity media to carry out various forms of positive publicity on mental health education, so as to create a good atmosphere of caring for students' mental health and improving their psychological quality on campus.
(D) to carry out effective campus psychological counseling.
Campus psychological consultation is an important way to improve the spiritual communication between teachers and students and promote students' mental health, and it is also an important part of mental health education. It can not only guide students to reduce inner conflicts, relieve depression and develop their physical and mental potential, but also help students to correctly understand themselves and actively adapt to the external environment. Therefore, higher vocational colleges should establish and improve systematic campus psychological counseling institutions, introduce professional psychological counselors, and enhance the effectiveness and pertinence of psychological counseling. By constructing a diversified psychological counseling system combining face-to-face consultation, telephone consultation, letter consultation and online consultation, we can broaden the channels of psychological counseling, facilitate students to communicate with psychological counseling teachers in time, solve psychological confusion, and give full play to the backbone role of psychological counseling centers in college students' mental health education.
Broaden the communication channels between schools and families in mental health education.
Family education is very important for students' growth and is one of the effective ways for students' mental health education. Only when schools and families cooperate closely and coordinate, can mental health education achieve better results. We can establish a home-school contact system. While keeping abreast of the family situation of higher vocational students, the school actively publicizes the knowledge of mental health to parents, informs parents of their own psychological status in time, keeps long-term and stable contact with parents, enables parents to understand students scientifically and reasonably, and helps the school to help children learn psychological debugging, learn to get along with others, and promote the healthy development of students' psychology.