Looking for the 20 13 edition of Modern Chinese, edited by Qi Huyang, the answers to the after-class thinking questions of Introduction to Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language, Liu Xun, Beijing Language and Culture University Press; Modern Chinese, Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, Higher Education Press; Syllabus of Linguistics, Ye, Peking University Publishing House; Qi Huyang, Grammar of Chinese as a Foreign Language, Fudan University Press; Ancient Chinese, Guo Xiliang, Commercial Press; Introduction to China Culture, Cheng, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press; Contemporary China, Zhang Hailin, Nanjing University Press; History of China Literature, Yuan Xingpei, Higher Education Press; The History of Foreign Cultures: Meng and Zeng, Peking University Publishing House.
Test questions and answers of self-study exam for modern Chinese grammar research 1. Fill in the blanks
1. morpheme can be defined as.
2. The grammatical function of words refers to the position that words can occupy in the syntactic structure.
3. Any syntactic structure can be observed from two aspects: one is that its internal structure can be regarded as a complex structure, and the other is that it can be regarded as a whole.
4. From the function of sentences, they can be divided into declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, addressing sentences, exclamatory sentences and interrogative sentences.
5. Words are classes that reflect words, although there are some similarities in the meaning of the same part of speech.
6. The main methods to convert the predicate component into the main part of the part of speech component are as follows.
7. Predicative subjects can be divided into two categories: declarative subjects and declarative subjects.
8. The subject-predicate relationship can be observed from three different aspects: structure and semantics.
9. Words like "station" and "century" are placed directly after numerals.
10. Adding "ge" before adjectives or verbs becomes the object of part-of-speech structure.
Second, multiple choice questions
Choose a correct answer from the four alternative answers to the following questions and fill in its letter label in brackets.
1 1. When analyzing the phonetic structure of a language, the smallest units are A phoneme, B syllable, C morpheme and D vowel.
12. Most morphemes in Chinese are A disyllabic, B trisyllabic, C monosyllabic and D polysyllabic.
13. In monosyllabic words, a Chinese character represents a meaningless phoneme B, a meaningful syllable C, a meaningless syllable D and a meaningful phoneme.
14. the following is not a biased structure: a good book b nine children c clean the room d old newspapers.
15. "Writing an article" and "writing clearly" are predicate-object structure, complement structure B, joint structure C, complement structure D and subject-predicate structure respectively.
16. Regarding the compound word "Hao Hao", the following analysis is incorrect: A, it is an additional compound word B, and its roots partially overlap; C, "Hao Hao" is an overlapping form of the syllable "Hao". D "de" is attached to "Hao Hao" and "Er" is attached to "Hao Hao"
17. The distinguishing word is A acidic B advanced C elementary D low.
18. The following statement is correct: notional words are closed, while function words are open. Content words indicate things, actions, behaviors, etc. Function words play a grammatical role, but they also have specific meanings. C notional words are free, and most of them are glued D notional words, which can act as subject, object or predicate, while function words cannot.
19. What doesn't belong to the prospective object is that A woke up twice, B swept the floor, C went to the supermarket, and D had guests.
20.a sings and dances, B jokes with you, C laughs so much that his stomach hurts, and D likes reading.
2 1. The word "dangerous" in "very dangerous" and "dangerous" is a noun b adjective c noun verb d noun.
22. The following statement is correct: Pronouns can be part of speech or predicates. The grammatical function of pronoun B is the same as that of the word it replaces. C pronouns can be divided into personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns. The word "so" replaced by d is a part of speech.
23. The following "miss" belongs to the auxiliary verb: A misses her mother very much; She wants to go dancing; C she thinks a lot; She thought she might be late.
24. "Invisible" means that the directional complement B adheres to the complement structure C, and the result complement D combines the complement structure.
25. Different from the definite object, the indefinite object can appear between the subject and the predicate after the predicate A, and the compound tends to the middle of the complement B, and the whole predicate-complement structure C.
26. Get off the subway tomorrow and get on the bus 1 12. B Xiaoling heard that the company has changed an accountant. These flowers are characterized by elegant colors and rich fragrance. It takes parents a lot of effort to play the piano well for their children.
27. The following points are uncertain: A, I lost my book; Second, the plaintiff Zhang San; C. Defendant Li Si; D, he plays basketball well; D, let me help you.
28. The following statement is incorrect. There is a meaningful connection between clause a and clause b. Clauses are sometimes connected by conjunctions. Conjunctions are regarded as structural elements. Some clauses are located in.
29. The following objects are not empty. What is ridicule? Stop laughing. B sang one of them. She said that she saw Beijing Opera.
30. "Speaking of this man, he is very famous." The function of "ah" is to make a comparison, attract attention and give an example.
Third, the analysis questions
3 1. Classify the following morphemes as needed.
I will lose tomorrow. Jin Min is very kind to me.
Free morpheme bonding morpheme
Positional morphemes do not locate morphemes.
Free morphemes stick morphemes to locate morphemes but not morphemes.
32. Are "watch", "cabbage", "railway", "beef" and "train" words or phrases? Please analyze it in detail.
Several structural components are free. "Watch" and "train" cannot be unfolded, so they are words. "Chinese cabbage", "railway" and "beef" can all be expanded, but the meaning has changed after expansion, so they are also words.
33. "Did you climb the mountain?" What's the difference between "crossing" and "crossing mountains"?
"Guo" in the previous sentence is a verb suffix, and the suffix "le" cannot be added after it; In the last sentence, "Guo" is a verb as a complement, "climb" is a predicate-complement structure, and the suffix "le" can be added after it. Therefore, these two sentences have different meanings.
Analyze the difference between "full children", "theirs" and "slow".
"De" in "Man Er" is the suffix of state adjectives, and "De" in "Their" is an auxiliary word. The "de" in "slowly" is an adverb suffix.
The negative form of "someone" is "nobody" and the positive form of "not coming" is "coming". Why?
The objects in these two formats are different and have different meanings. The word "no" of "no one" is added before the part-of-speech component, indicating that it does not exist, while the words "no" and "not coming" in classical Chinese are added before the predicate component, indicating that the action has not been completed or things have not happened yet, and the word "no" in classical Chinese.
36. Are "He controls himself" and "He knows himself" the same in syntactic structure?
It's different. The subject of the previous sentence is "he" and the predicate is the subject-predicate structure of "driving by yourself". There is no direct structural relationship between "he" and "himself". The last sentence is the appositive structure "oneself" as the subject.
37. Classify the subjects of the following sentences as needed.
Your words can't untie his heart.
I don't know when the gun was lost.
(3) All the truth has been told.
The new colleague leader hasn't seen him yet.
This paper cup won't last long.
6. Send one to every child.
Patient Topics and Thematic Tools Topics
Patient Topics and Thematic Tools Topics
38. Analyze the function of modal particles in sentence pause with examples.
(1) as a sign of pause. (2) expressing a certain tone.
39. Please use AHP to analyze the hierarchical and structural relationships of the following grammatical structures.
Eager for his arrival
(2) Cultivate reading interest and form study habits.
Eager for his arrival
└ To the right ┘└ Subject predicate ┘
② Develop the habit of reading and improve your comprehension.
└ narrative object ┘ narrative object ┘
└┘└┘┘
40. Analyze the hierarchical relationship of the following complex sentences through crossing and filling.
Conciseness is not simple, but based on enrichment. Therefore, only if you are very familiar with what you want to express and can grasp its main points can you be concise.
Conciseness is not simplicity, but enrichment.
Therefore, only one person is very familiar with what he wants to express.
Yes, | ‖ can grasp the main points, ‖ can be concise.
Fourth, short answer questions
4 1. What's the difference between a joint structure and a coordinate compound?
The number of items in the joint structure is unlimited and can be expanded, and the vertical compound words are limited to two items and cannot be expanded. The grammatical function of the joint structure is basically the same as that of its components, while the vertical compound words are not necessarily.
In a sense, each item of the joint structure is a real reference, each item has its own independent meaning, and each meaning of the vertical compound word is comparative.
42. Analyze two situations in which adjectives are used as state complements with examples.
The two situations in which adjectives are used as state complements are A "flying high" and B "flying high" and "flying high". The state complement of A is a single adjective, and the state complement of B is "degree adverb+adjective" or state adjective. The two formats have different meanings: A is assertion and B is description; A is static and b is dynamic; A does not contain the concept of quantity, and B contains the concept of quantity. From the grammatical function, B can be modified by adverbs of time such as "early, already, hurry", but A can't. B can be used with prepositions such as "ba, Bei and gei", but A can't. B can be an adverbial, but A can't.
43. The predicate in the predicate-object structure often indicates an action or behavior, and the object indicates something related to this action or behavior. What is the concrete manifestation of the connection between object and predicate? Please give an example.
Object indicates the object of action or behavior. (2) An object refers to something produced by an action or behavior. (3) The object indicates the place. (4) The object indicates the initiative of the action or behavior.
Fifth, the essay questions.
44. How to distinguish words and phrases? What are the methods to determine the boundaries of words in modern Chinese? What are the defects? Please give an example.
It is difficult to determine Chinese words according to whether they can be made into sentences alone. ② It is not enough to determine the boundaries of words simply according to the activity ability of language components. ③ The expansion method determines the boundary between words and non-words according to the close combination of language components. ④ It is not feasible to judge the boundaries of words simply from the aspect of meaning.
We should comprehensively use the above methods to determine the boundaries of words. (Example omitted)
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