[2] Those who are both Taoists are inseparable for a moment; You can stay, but you can't. So a gentleman is wary of what he can't see, and fear is almost unheard of.
[3] Don't be invisible, don't be insignificant. Therefore, a gentleman is cautious and independent.
"4" is happy, angry, sad and happy, indicating the middle. All the hair is in the middle section, called and. If you are in the middle, you will be the foundation of the world. He who is harmonious achieves the way of the world.
(5) Neutrality is the position of heaven and the education of all things.
In the first chapter on the right, Zisi tells the meaning of the story for presentation. The first Ming Dow came from heaven, but it was not easy; In fact, the body is prepared for itself and cannot be separated. The second word is the importance of saving and checking. Finally, the holy spirit is extremely magical. Cover the people who want to be here, and be complacent without seeking the various bodies, so as to supplement their good nature with private things other than those that have not been lured. Yang's so-called article is "if also." In the next ten chapters, Gus ends this chapter by quoting the master. "1" Zhong Ni said, "Gentleman, enough is enough; Villains, anti-moderation. 」
"2" "The gentleman is also moderate, and the gentleman is also moderate. The villain is despicable, and the villain will do whatever it takes. " 1 "Confucius said:" I know that Tao can't be done: those who know it must pass it; Fools are inferior to others. I don't know: the saint has passed; Corrupt people are worse than you. 」
"2" "People should eat and drink. The villain can know its taste. " "1" is strong.
"2" Confucius said: "The south is strong, the north is strong, and the suppression is strong? 」
"three" "quiet and gentle teaching, no way to report, strong in the south. A gentleman lives there. 」
"4" brother Jin, who is tireless in death, is strong in the north. The strong live there. 」
"5" therefore, the gentleman is harmonious and does not flow; Strong and correct. Neutral and fair; Strong and correct. The state-owned road remains unchanged; Strong and correct. There is no way in the country, and it will remain unchanged until death; Strong and correct. "1" Confucius said, "Yin Su acted strangely, and there is a saying in later generations: I did it. 」
"Two" "A gentleman follows the path, painting half and wasting half: I can do it. 」
"3" "A gentleman depends on the golden mean. □ [Dolphin] The world doesn't know or regret it: only saints can do it. " 1 "The way of a gentleman is hidden.
"2" the stupidity of a couple can be related to it, or even worse, the sage is ignorant. Couples can do whatever they want, but even saints can't do whatever they want. People are still lamenting the vastness of heaven and earth. Therefore, a gentleman's language is big, the world can't be embarrassed, the language is small, and the world can't be broken.
The poem "3" says, "Kites fly to the sky; Fish jumps in Yu Yuan. " There are ups and downs.
[4] The way of a gentleman is to make husband and wife; And to also, examine heaven and earth.
Chapter 12 is on the right, and Zi Si's words are covered by the statement in Chapter 1, "Tao is inseparable." In the next eight chapters, Confucius' words are mixed together to make it clear. "1" Confucius said, "The road is not far from people. Those who are far from Tao cannot be Tao. 」
The poem says, "Vakko Vakko", but it's not far away. Hold ke and cut ke, and see it. Still feel far away. Therefore, a gentleman rules people by man, and that's it. 」
"3" "Loyalty and anger are not far away. Do as you would be done by. 」
"Four" "The way of a gentleman is four, and Qiu failed to make a difference: seeking a son to serve the father failed; I want to be a minister, but I can't do anything for you Begging for a brother, being a brother, failed; Ask a friend, give first, fail. The trip to Yongde is beyond words; Insufficient, dare not hesitate; I'm not tired. Say what you want to say and do what you want. A gentleman is not stubborn. " "1" A gentleman goes wherever he goes and doesn't want to cross the line.
"2" is wealth, wealth; Count the poor and be poor; Su Yi emperor, walking in the Yi emperor; There's always trouble, always trouble. A gentleman is not complacent.
"3" is in the upper position, not in the lower position; Second, don't help; Be true to yourself and don't ask others. Don't complain, don't complain.
Therefore, it is easy for a gentleman to live to wait for his life, and it is easy for a villain to take risks for sympathy.
Confucius said, "Shooting looks like a gentleman. If you lose your rights, you will seek your body instead. " 1 "A gentleman's way is to be complacent if he goes far, and feel inferior if he climbs high.
The poem says, "A wife is like a harp. The two brothers are happy and anxious. Yi Er, Le Er's wife Tang. 」
"3" Confucius said, "Parents are obedient." "1" Confucius said, "Ghosts and gods flourish. 」
"2" "Watch and watch; Listen to it and smell it; You can't leave things behind. 」
Let all the people in the world put on clothes to sacrifice. It seems to be on it, it seems to be on its left and right. 」
The poem says that God's thinking can't be overestimated, but can you shoot thinking? 』」
"5" "Husband is slightly. I can't tell the truth, so my husband. " "1" Confucius said: "Shun's great filial piety is also related to it! Virtue is a saint, respects the son of heaven, and is rich in the world. Ancestral temples provide food for children and grandchildren. 」
So, when you are great, you will get your position, your wealth, your name and your life. 」
Therefore, the creatures in the sky will be determined by their materials. Therefore, the people who plant it cultivate it and bow down to it. 」
"Four" and "Poetry" say: "A gentleman takes pleasure as a gentleman, and the Constitution makes virtue suitable for the people. Blessed by heaven. Bless your life and apply from heaven. 』」
"5" "Therefore, the sage must make it." 1 "Confucius said," A person who has no worries is just a Wen Jun. Take Wang Ji as the father and Wu Wang as the son. Father does it, son says. 」
"2" "Wu Wang, Ji Wang, Wen Wang. A glorious dress has the world. Without losing the reputation of the world. Respect as the son of heaven. Rich within the four seas. Zongmiao Future generations will protect it. 」
At the end of "Three", the prince of Wu was ordered, and the duke of Zhou was written as a martial virtue. Chasing Wang Da and Ji Wang, the worship of the son of heaven is the first male. This ceremony is no less than a client doctor and a scholar Shu Ren. The father is a doctor and the son is a scholar; Buried with doctors and sacrificed to scholars. The father is a scholar and the son is a doctor; Bury a scholar and sacrifice a doctor. The loss of menstrual period is decided by the doctor; Three years of mourning, up to the son of heaven; Losing parents is neither noble nor humble. " "1" Confucius said, "King Wu and Duke Zhou are very filial. 」
Filial people are good at following people's wishes and telling people's things. 」
"3" "In the Spring and Autumn Period, his ancestral hall and Chen Qi's zongqi were renovated, and his petticoats were set up to recommend food at that time. 」
"4" and "the ceremony of the ancestral temple, so the order is also Zhao Mu. Order Jue, so it is divided into high and low. Order, so distinguish good from bad. Travel wages are the best, so they are cheap. Mao Yan, so the tooth also. 」
〈 5 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 〉 129 」
"6" is a gift from the suburban community, so it is also a matter of God. The ceremony of the ancestral temple, so it is also the first time. The courtesy of the suburban community and the meaning of taste are all clear, and they are like ruling the country. " "1" mourns the public and asks about politics.
"2" Confucius said, "Civil and military politics are all in the plan. If people exist, it will be a political move; When a person dies, his political interest is gone. 」
Humanism is sensitive to politics and tunnels are sensitive to trees. Husband is also a politician, and so is Prue. 」
"4" "So, politics is about people. Learn from others. □ 【 Cultivate one's morality by Tao 】. □ [repair] Tao is benevolent. 」
"5" "The benevolent is also a person, and the relatives are big. Honest people should also respect kind people. Kissing kills people, respecting good people, and so on. , courtesy is born. 」
"6" "Secondly, if it is not available, the people can't get it and rule it. 」
"7" "Therefore, a gentleman has to cultivate himself. Thinking about [repairing] your body, you can't ignore your loved ones. Think about things, don't be ignorant of people. He who thinks of people doesn't know heaven. 」
There are five ways in the world, so there are three people who do it: monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brother Kun and friends. Fifth, the way of the world is also. Knowledge, kindness and courage are the virtues of the world. Therefore, those who walk are also. 」
"9" or "born to know; Or learn and know; Or you will know if you are trapped: you will know if you know. Still do it safely; Or do it for the benefit; Still barely do it: extremely successful, one also. 」
"10" Confucius said, "Learning is close to knowledge. Practice near benevolence. Knowing shame is almost brave. 」
"1 1" "If you know the third, you will know your body. If you know what you are, you know how to treat people. If you know how to govern the people, you will know how to govern the country. 」
"12" "All countries in the world have nine classics, saying: □ [cultivate] the body, respect the sage, respect the minister, minister, son, people, people and monarch. 」
"13" "□[ repair] the body, then the road will stand. If you respect the sage, you won't feel this way. Dear, don't complain about that. If you respect the minister, you won't be dazzled. If it is a group of ministers, report the weight. Ordinary people, then people advise. If you come to work hard, you will use your money. Softness comes back from all directions. I am afraid of the world when I am pregnant with the prince. 」
"14" "I'm all dressed up, and I can't move: so I'm [repaired]. Go to the far color, bitch and noble, so advise Xian also. Respect their status, attach importance to their wealth and share their likes and dislikes, so it is recommended that they kiss. The official was appointed as an ambassador, so he suggested to the minister. Loyalty values Lu, so I advise scholars. When you make it thin, you should convince the people. The monthly exam in Japan is a very important thing, so I suggest all workers do it. Send a welcome, Jiashan. I'm sorry I can't be so soft. Following the peerless world, abolishing the country, managing chaos, grasping danger, recruiting talents, and accumulating wealth, I became pregnant with princes. 」
"15" "All countries in the world have the Nine Classics, so those who do it are also. 」
"16" "If everything is prepared, it will be established, and if it is not prepared, it will be abolished. If you make a decision before you say it, it's not enough. If you decide in advance, you won't be sleepy. If you decide to go again, you will not feel guilty. If the road is decided ahead, you will not be poor. 」
"17" "If it is not inferior, the people can't get it and rule it. There is a saying in Gain: If you don't trust your friends, you won't get them. Trust your friends: Don't trust your friends. There is a way of friends and relatives: the opponent is dishonest and does not care about friends and relatives. There is a way to be sincere: I don't know what is good, but I am not sincere about my body. 」
"18" "If you are sincere, there is a heaven. Honest people, people's way is also. Honest people, unwilling to think without thinking: calm in the middle, saints also. Those who are sincere choose good and stubborn. 」
"19" "Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully and distinguish, and persist. 」
"20" "If you learn, you can learn. If you learn, you can learn." Ask questions and you will know, and you will take measures. There are Fu Si, Fu De with thinking, and Fu Cuo. There are Fu Bian, Fu Ming and Fu CuO. There are blessings, blessings, blessings. If a person can do it, he can do it. People can do it in ten ways and thousands of ways. 」
"2 1" "If you can do this, no matter how stupid you are, you will be wise, and no matter how soft you are, you will be strong." "Self-sincerity, that is, sex; Self-evident sincerity is teaching. Honesty is clear; Ming is honest. 」
Yes, chapter 2 1 Zisi inherited the previous chapter. The master meant humanity, but he also made a statement. From then on, the next twelve chapters are all thoughts, in order to explain the meaning of this chapter repeatedly. "1" the sincere person is self-contained, and the Taoist person is self-contained.
[2] Honesty is the purpose of everything. There is nothing dishonest. Therefore, honesty is the most important thing for a gentleman.
[3] An honest man is overreaching. So it was successful. Be kind to yourself. You know what you have achieved. The virtue of sex is also the way to pass through the customs. Therefore, it is appropriate to take timely measures. 1 is so sincere.
[2] If you don't stop, it will be long, and if it is long, it will be a sign.
The "3" sign is far away. The farther away, the thicker. Rich, smart.
"Four" thick, so also. Coincidentally, the cover is also. It has a long history, so it has become a thing.
[5] Hou Bo owns land. Brilliant, matching the sky. It has a long history and no boundaries.
People like "6" have nothing to see, change and do nothing.
[7] The way of heaven and earth, in a word. If it's different, it's unpredictable.
[8] The way of heaven and earth is wide, thick, high, bright, leisurely and long.
"9" Today, there are so many days and days, and they are infinite. The sun, the moon and the stars are related, and everything is covered. Today, there is a handful of soil in the husband's land, which is wide and thick, carrying Hua Yue, but not heavy, vibrating the rivers and seas without releasing it, and everything is full of things. Today, there are as many stones as there are in Fushan, and it is vast, where there are plants and animals and there are treasures. Today, a spoonful of water is unpredictable. Catfish, catfish, jiaozi, dragon, fish, u+9f08 [turtle], making money.
The poem "10" says, "I was deeply impressed by the fate of Wei Tian. Gai yue, the reason why heaven is heaven. " Wang Wen's virtue is pure if you don't show it. "Gai yue, is also. Pure is also endless. " 1 "is a good way to become a saint!
< 2 > It is magnificent, develops everything and is extremely steep in the sky.
"3" is great, and etiquette is 33000.
[4] Treat people first, then do things.
"5" So, "□ [Gou] is immoral, and the supreme way is not condensed. 」
"6" Therefore, it is broad, subtle, extremely clear and moderate for a gentleman to respect morality and learn by Tao. Review the past and learn the new, sincere and respectful.
"7" means that the former residence is not arrogant, but it is not bad. There are state-owned roads, and their words are enough to prosper the country; There is nothing the country can do. Silence is enough. The poem says, "You need wisdom, and you need wisdom to protect your body." What does this mean? "1" Confucius said: "Foolish but good at self-use, cheap but good at writing. Being born in this world is an anti-ancient way. So u+70d6 [disaster] and its body are also. 」
[2] No ceremony, no system, no textual research, unless it is the son of heaven.
Today, cars are the same track, books are the same, and lines are the same.
Although "4" has its place, it is immoral and does not dare to be polite. Despite its virtue, I dare not be polite if I have no position.
"5" Confucius said, "I said Li Xia, this is not enough. I learn from Li Yin, and I have Song Cunyan. I learned the Book of Rites, and I used it today. I am from Zhou. " "1" There are three things in the king's world, too few!
[2] Everything on the platform is good, but there is no sign. No sign, no letter. If you don't believe me, people will follow me People who go down are good, but they don't respect them. Disrespect, disbelief. If you don't believe me, people will follow me
"3" Therefore, the gentleman's way, based on the body, is based on Shu Ren. There is no mistake in the examination of the three kings, and there is no contradiction in building heaven and earth. The quality of ghosts and gods is beyond doubt. Become a saint without feeling.
"4" is a ghost and there is no doubt that you know heaven. Immortal life is to be a senseless saint and know people.
"5" is the truth that a gentleman moves and the world is the way of the world, while the world is the law of the world and the world is the law of the world. Far away, there is hope; If you are close, you will never get tired.
The poem "6" says, "There is no evil there, and there is no shooting here; Seriously and diligently, day and night, a good name will be remembered forever. " Without fault, there are fleas all over the world. 1 Zhong Nizu, Xu Yaoshun, Tu Wenwu. When the weather is normal, it will attack the water and soil.
[2] If everything in heaven and earth contains something, it will be restored. Just like the wrong line at four o'clock, just like the sun and the moon change.
[3] Everything breeds and does not hurt each other. Tao is parallel, not opposite. Filial piety spreads Liu; The reason why the world is so big is that Dade Dunhua. "1" is the most sacred place in the world, because it is smart, clear and sharp enough to present; Broad, rich, warm and soft enough to be inclusive; Hair, strong, just, resolute, enough to hold; Qi, Zhuang, Zhong and Zheng are enough to be respected; Wen, Li, Mi, the difference is enough.
[2] Pubo, a deep spring, came at the right time.
[3] Pope is like a sky; Deep springs are like deep pools. See people disrespectfully; People don't believe what they say; Do as people say.
"4" is very famous in China, and it is quite impressive. Wherever the boat and car go, human resources are connected, covering the sky and the sun, enclosing the earth, the sun and the moon shine, and the frost stands in line: all flesh and blood are respected. So say "match the sky." "1" Only when you are sincere in the world can you understand the great classics in the world, establish the foundation of the world, and know the cultivation of heaven and earth. How can my husband depend on it?
"2" lick its kernel! Deep, deep! The sky is vast!
[3] If you don't know wisdom and saints, who can know? The poem "1" says that "clothes and brocade are still □ [back]", and the writing is also evil. Therefore, the way of a gentleman, □ [door sound] naturally, Ri Zhang; However, the villain's way is dying out. The way of a gentleman is light and tireless, simple and elegant, gentle and understanding. Know the distance, the wind and the subtlety. You can be with Germany.
The poem "II" says, "Although the potential is hidden, it is also a hole in Ye Zhao. Therefore, a gentleman is guilty of introspection and has no evil intentions. Gentlemen are out of reach, and villains are out of reach.
The poem "3" says, "It's worth a leak in your room. Therefore, the gentleman is unmoved, respectful, and does not say anything.
The poem "4" says, "If you play with fake words, there will be disputes when you are busy." It is because the gentleman does not reward the people, but the people are not angry and the people are not arrogant.
The poem "5" says, "If you don't show virtue, you will be punished." Therefore, the gentleman respects and the world is flat.
The poem "Six" says, "To be wise, don't make noise. Confucius said: "debauchery is to turn people into people, but it is also the end." "As the poem says," De □ [Chief Che] is as hairy as wool. "Mao's relationship is still good." God's burden is silent and tasteless. "Go easy. The golden mean is an important part of Chinese studies. It is a Confucian educational theory work that expounds the golden mean and puts forward the cultivation of human nature. " "The Doctrine of the Mean" Zheng Xuan notes: "The Doctrine of the Mean is used in the heart; Useless and useful. Confucius' grandson thought about it to show the virtue of a saint. "
The main purpose of The Doctrine of the Mean is to educate people on self-cultivation, self-supervision, self-education and self-improvement, to cultivate themselves into ideal people with ideal personality, and to achieve the state of perfection, benevolence, sincerity, morality, holiness and unity of appearance and appearance, thus creating the state of "harmony but difference".
The Doctrine of the Mean is a classic philosophy of our nation, which has a wide and profound influence on the development of China's history. It has also contributed a brilliant chapter to the treasure house of world culture, and it still shines brightly and attracts the attention of the world today.
It is appropriate to pursue moderation, prudence, propriety and justice in the golden mean with "too much is not enough" as the core, but it is not appropriate to be offside and absent.
The doctrine of the mean, both profound and popular, is the way to govern the country and cultivate one's morality. Eat according to appetite, cook according to temperature and plant crops according to temperature and humidity. Governing the country should not only pursue the speed of development, but also give consideration to social peace. For the sake of justice, we should emphasize the golden mean. Only by grasping the golden mean mechanism such as macro-control can the society be harmonious. Macro-control is a mean mechanism. For the healthy development of economic globalization, we must constantly improve the international economic order. Unilateralism and terrorism do not work, and international democratization must be implemented. International democracy is the golden mean mechanism of international economic life.
The doctrine of the mean is neither a simple compromise nor a vulgar middle course. The goal pursued by the golden mean is the best solution between perfection and helplessness in different time and space environments. It is not only a world outlook, but also a methodology. Modern scientific system theory, macro-control in economics and the United front in politics all have some mechanisms of the ancient soft science, the golden mean.
"Neutrality and justice" (the golden mean), independence and justice are the real strong people.
"Too much is not enough" (The Analects of Confucius), and the effect of too much is the same. Li Ruihuan advocated that CPPCC work should be in place. Not absent or offside, exactly the same.
"Hold both ends and serve the people" (The Doctrine of the Mean). This is Shun's ruling experience of going deep into the people. Only by mastering two aspects can we concentrate correct opinions and formulate reasonable policies.
"Harmony but Difference" (The Analects of Confucius). Live in harmony and not blindly follow.
"A gentleman is always in the middle" (the golden mean), and a gentleman always adheres to the golden mean.
"Attack heresy" (The Analects of Confucius) and criticize heresy.
"If you are not in place, you will not seek politics" (The Analects of Confucius). Do your job well, do your job well, and seek politics in the office.
"There is no right in the middle, but there is still one" (Mencius). Power: weighing hammer, extended weighing. This is Mencius' development of the golden mean.
In addition, gentleness, words must be in the middle; Father, son, filial piety, gentleman and loyal minister all embody the doctrine of the mean. The doctrine of the mean is the philosophical sublimation of harmonious culture. "If you are in harmony with real creatures, you will not continue" (Mandarin). Harmonious culture is characterized by pluralism and tolerance, the unity of opposites and contradictions, and the endless existence of everything in the world. The golden mean embodies the harmony of justice, balance, order, moderation and harmony in these processes.
The doctrine of the mean is philosophy, not religion. The doctrine of the mean originated from the Book of Changes, emphasizing the development and cultivation of landless people. It can be seen that the doctrine of the mean is a philosophy based on people, not a religion based on god.
The doctrine of the mean and the doctrine of the mean are a development stage of human understanding of world history, which is adapted to a certain level of productivity development and a philosophy from bronze to iron age. It was regarded as the highest virtue in ancient Greece and the highest truth in Buddhism. The doctrine of the mean was put forward earlier than the two 100 years ago.
The doctrine of the mean has achieved "two changes" in cognitive theory: from asking God to asking people excessively, from intuitive experience to logical abstraction. In the social field, the golden mean has adapted to the "three changes": the change from family system to family system, from enfeoffment system to centralized system, and from passing on relatives to passing on sages; It promoted "one combination": the combination of scattered small production and highly centralized feudal autocracy; It promotes "two separations": the relative separation between thinkers and politicians, and discussion and management. Thus, the contradictory unity of monarchical power and relative power in feudal centralization of authority was clarified. It highlights the moderate role of the Prime Minister in mediating the relationship between the emperor and the people. The correct play of the role of prime minister is one of the important reasons for the stability and prosperity of feudal dynasties. Kevin·Z is the most outstanding representative of all the prime ministers. Together with Emperor Taizong, he created the prosperous time of the early Tang Dynasty-the rule of Zhenguan.
The golden mean has cultivated a steady stream of talents. This is the fundamental reason why the golden mean has become the highest standard of our traditional legal foundation and prevailed for more than two thousand years.
The "golden mean" means neutralization, not mediocrity, but the pursuit of no loss, no gain, no retreat, no hurry, no arrogance, and the perfect balance between great wisdom in life and dealing with people.
The doctrine of the mean is the method of self-cultivation and the way of governing the country, which has always been valued by advanced politicians. Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen regarded them as national treasures. Mao Zedong's transformation of China also began with the transformation of the golden mean. He used "overcorrection" to guide the peasant movement and "going too far" to lead the Yan 'an rectification movement. The first sentence at the beginning of Mao Xuan is to distinguish between friends and enemies. Friends are between me and the enemy, and uniting friends is one of the magic weapons to defeat the enemy.
The progress and limitations of the golden mean are determined by the development level of productive forces at that time. And the rationality of the times is greater than the limitations of history. "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" and "Be a man if you want to be a man, and be a man if you want to be a man" have successfully docked with communist beliefs, but now they have become the golden rule of universal ethics with their tenacious penetration of time and space. One country, two systems, a well-off society, advancing with the times and a harmonious world; Peace and development, competition and cooperation, mutual benefit and win-win, and so on. Both contain the philosophy and strategy of the golden mean.
In Confucius' article, the device of sitting is called: deficiency means tendency, middle means righteousness, and fullness means moderation.