Answer analysis: D.
Research methods are tools and ways to achieve research goals, such as "bridges" and "boats". How to find a suitable research method in the research and accurately grasp the rules and limits of its use is a puzzle that kindergarten teachers in primary and secondary schools often encounter in scientific research activities. In order to improve the cognitive deficiency, misuse and misuse of research methods in project research and improve the scientificity and effectiveness of teachers' choice of methods, let's discuss the choice of educational research methods.
The commonly used methods mainly include: investigation (observation, questionnaire, interview, finished product analysis, measurement), literature research, experimental research, case study, action research and so on. The specific introduction is as follows:
1.？ investigation and research
Investigation is one of the most commonly used methods in scientific research. It is a purposeful, planned and systematic method to collect materials about the actual situation or historical situation of the research object. Questionnaire survey is the most commonly used method in investigation and research, and it is a research method to collect data through written questions, that is, investigators prepare forms for investigation items, distribute them to relevant personnel, ask for instructions to fill in answers, and then recycle, sort out, count and study them.
2.？ Literary studies
Literature research method is a method to obtain information by investigating literature according to certain research purposes or topics, so as to comprehensively and correctly understand and master the problems to be studied. Literature research methods are widely used in various disciplines. Its functions are: (1) to understand the history and present situation of related problems and help determine the research topic; (2) it can form an overall impression of the research object, which is helpful for observation and visit; (3) Contrast data of real data can be obtained; (4) help to understand the whole picture of things.
3.？ experimental research
Through observation and investigation, we can understand the research object, find out the problems, systematically grasp the experimental conditions without disturbing the research object, and observe the changes of the research object with the experimental conditions, so as to determine the effective relationship between them.
4.？ case study
Taking research-related project examples as the main research object, on the basis of observation, analysis and understanding, the process of effective scientific methods of educational research is summarized. There are three basic types of case studies: ① personal investigation, that is, investigation and study of a person in an organization; (2) Group investigation, that is, investigation and study of an organization or group; (3) problem investigation, that is, to investigate and study a phenomenon or problem.
5. Behavior research
Teachers seek and ask questions from the practice of education and teaching, and then conduct research and analysis in the actual education and teaching, and apply the results to the solution of practical problems.
There are no advantages or disadvantages in educational research methods. When choosing research methods, we should follow the principle of "comprehensive consideration, the appropriate is the best" and pursue the suitability of a certain method for specific problems. Only according to the research purpose of the subject, combined with the research conditions, and pursuing the complementarity of methods, can we find a suitable educational research method.