2. Medical and health undertakings: A country's medical and health undertakings include all people, organizations, systems, rules and processes in the country to protect and improve people's health and treat diseases and injuries. Medical care has five main purposes: openness to all, quality, effectiveness, economy and satisfaction of patients and staff. The biggest influence of national politics on a country's medical and health care is to stipulate its financial system. The financial system of health care in OECD countries can be divided into three categories: national economy: social insurance for health care (such as Britain and Italy) established through taxation; Private insurance established through legal medical insurance (such as Germany and France): personal or enterprise insurance (such as the United States). Generally speaking, a country has many economic models. The proportion of public expenditure on health care in many countries has increased.
3. E-government: Using modern information technology such as computer, network and communication, we can realize the optimization and reorganization of government organizational structure and workflow, transcend the limitation of time, space and departmental division, build a streamlined, efficient, clean and fair government operation mode, and provide high-quality, standardized, transparent and international-level management and services to the society in an all-round way.
4. Taxation: refers to matters related to taxation. The category of general tax includes: the concept of tax law, the essence of tax, the generation of tax and the role of tax. As one of the economic levers, tax has the functions of adjusting income distribution, promoting resource allocation and promoting economic growth.
5. Electricity: Electricity is an energy source powered by electric energy. 19 The invention and application of electric power in the 1970s set off the second climax of industrialization. It has become one of the three major scientific and technological revolutions in the world since the18th century in human history, and technology has changed people's lives since then. The large-scale power system that appeared in the 20th century is one of the most important achievements in the history of human engineering science. It is a power production and consumption system composed of power generation, transmission, substation, distribution and electricity consumption. It converts the primary energy in nature into electric energy through power generation devices, and then supplies the electric energy to all users through transmission, transformation and distribution.
6. Telecommunications: refers to the use of electronic technology to transmit information between different places. Telecommunications includes different kinds of long-distance communication methods, such as radio, telegraph, television, telephone, data communication and computer network communication. Telecommunications is an important pillar of the information society. No matter in human social and economic activities, or in all aspects of people's daily life, it is inseparable from telecommunications, an efficient and reliable means.
7. Insurance: Insurance refers to the commercial insurance behavior that the applicant pays the insurance premium to the insurer according to the contract, and the insurer will be liable for the property losses caused by the possible accidents agreed in the contract when the insured dies, is disabled, is sick or reaches the age and time limit agreed in the contract.
8. Education: Education is the whole process of cultivating a new generation to engage in social life, and it is also the key link to inherit and carry forward the production experience of human society, mainly referring to the process of cultivating school-age children, teenagers and young people. Broadly speaking, all activities that enhance people's knowledge and skills and affect people's ideology and morality are education. Education in a narrow sense mainly refers to school education, which means that educators exert purposeful, planned and organized influence on the body and mind of the educated according to the requirements of a certain society (or class) and cultivate them into people needed by a certain society (or class). Types include formal education, adult education, technical education, special education and lifelong education.
9. Marketable securities: Marketable securities are all kinds of economic rights and interests certificates, which are used to prove that the holder of marketable securities has the right to obtain due rights and interests according to the contents on the face of marketable securities. According to its different nature, securities can be divided into voucher securities, voucher securities and marketable securities. What people usually call securities is negotiable securities.