Basic education and secondary education have always been managed by local governments at different levels, but the central and provincial governments still arrange special funds for education in poverty-stricken areas in the fiscal budget according to the principles of "overall planning, ensuring key points, helping the poor and giving aid to the poor and rewarding the advanced", which are used for compulsory education subsidies, part of scholarships for higher education, financing of national student loans and repayment of part of interest in poor, remote and ethnic minority areas. Its specific policies are:

(1)1On June 8, 1995, the State Education Commission and the Ministry of Finance jointly organized the "National Compulsory Education Project in Poverty-stricken Areas", which gathered the strength of the central and local governments and concentrated on improving the conditions for running primary schools and junior high schools in poverty-stricken areas and areas with weak compulsory education, so as to meet the standards set by the state. Among them, the central government allocated 3.9 billion yuan, and local finance mobilized 665.438+billion yuan, benefiting 265.438+0 provinces and regions, involving most of the 592 poverty-stricken counties in the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", making 365.438+08 counties achieve the "two basics" goal (basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating youth literature).

(2) In rural areas, because the original financing channels of basic education are mainly organized by township governments, it is guaranteed by levying 3% education surcharge on farmers. As a result, some local teachers are seriously in arrears with their T- funds. So at 200 1, the rural education system was adjusted, and a new rural compulsory education system was implemented, which was led by the State Council, managed by local governments at different levels and focused on counties. In the same year, the central government invested 5 billion yuan to give special subsidies to the salaries of rural primary and secondary school teachers in poor areas in the central and western regions. At the same time, the central government decided to invest 3 billion yuan of special funds in the T stage of the renovation of dilapidated buildings in primary and secondary schools within two years. The central government also provided grants of 654.38 billion yuan and special funds of 654.38 billion yuan to the whole country free of charge. In 2005, a one-fee system was implemented in rural primary education, and students' tuition and miscellaneous fees were reduced or exempted.

(3) With the reform of higher education system, since 1997, the relevant state departments have made great efforts to solve the study and life problems of poor college students by establishing a five-part assistance system of "award, loan, assistance, supplement and reduction". Among them, the "prize" refers to all kinds of scholarships from schools we are very familiar with, which are used to support students with excellent academic performance and students with special majors such as agriculture, normal education, physical education, navigation and nationality. "Loan" refers to all kinds of loans issued by financial institutions to poor college students, some of which are paid by the state finance; "Helping" means that students from poor families in colleges and universities work normally in the work-study posts set up by the school and give them appropriate remuneration; "Subsidy" refers to the special subsidies provided by the central and local governments to poor college students. The state stipulates that colleges and universities should withdraw about 10% of the tuition fees of poor students every year. "Remission" means remission of tuition fees. The state stipulates that tuition fees shall be reduced or exempted for students majoring in agriculture, teachers' training, physical education, navigation, nationality and other special majors and college students with family difficulties.

(b) Help yourself through education

Education self-help refers to encouraging schools to actively establish school-run enterprises and giving preferential policies to enable schools to carry out education self-help. Various regions in China have made full use of their own conditions and combined with preferential policies given by the government. School-run enterprises have integrated the strength of school science and technology, talents and equipment, and achieved good development, which not only promoted the commercialization and commercialization of science and technology, but also contributed to the development of schools and local education. By the end of 1996, school-run enterprises and their thrifty income had invested 8.7 billion yuan in education. For example, according to the vast local land, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region put forward the "300 Project" plan for the construction of schools in agriculture, forestry and pastoral areas, that is, each primary and secondary school built 100 mu of forest, managed 100 mu of land and raised 100 pigs. In some cities, plus "one factory and one garden", a small processing factory is the same as a biological factory. For example, at the end of Horqin 1997, there were 18 schools "300", 25 schools "200" and 36 schools "100", and the income of primary and secondary schools in the whole banner was about 7 million.

(3) Social donation

Social donations include fund-raising by social organizations, collective fund-raising by units, personal donations, donations from overseas Chinese at home and abroad, compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, donations from international organizations and educational funds. The forms are education foundation, poverty alleviation linking system between eastern developed areas and central and western regions, and hope T course. The amount of funds donated by the society should not be underestimated, reaching1884.2 billion yuan in 1996 alone, accounting for 8.33% of the source of education funds in that year. Actively established various educational foundations. For example, the Xining Municipal Government of Qinghai Province promulgated the Interim Measures for Poor Students in Xining to Receive Higher Education Funding, and established the Xining Education Funding Fund. The Municipal Finance Bureau contributed 200,000 yuan each year, the Civil Affairs Bureau and the Municipal Education Bureau raised 200,000 yuan each year, and all sectors of society also donated. Regions often contact and help each other. For example, Shenzhen has donated 6,543.8 billion yuan to Tibet, Guizhou, Gansu and Xinjiang to help poor students in these areas. Since the reform and opening-up, China has actively sought education assistance from international organizations, and the loan from the World Bank alone has reached $1.40 billion. The "Hope Project" organized by China Youth Foundation is well known. In the poverty-stricken counties covered by it, the proportion of out-of-school children of primary school students has been successfully reduced from 3.6% in 1985 to 1% in/998. From 65438 to 0998, China Charity Federation also launched the "Candlelight Project", including two candlelight relief funds, living allowance for poor teachers, candlelight teaching assistant base, teacher training, establishment of candlelight library and other relief projects. In 2000, the project invested 30,599.68 million yuan and donated about 2 million yuan.