This paper does not discuss whether educational technology is a discipline or a specialty, nor what should be studied in educational technology. We only care about how technology affects, promotes and changes teaching! Student: We are going to study the course of educational technology, but we don't know what educational technology is yet. Does educational technology refer to technology in education? Sun Fang: It can be understood in a popular way, but it is not exact. Because what we want to learn is not technology, and technology is not the focus of our study. What we want to learn is to apply these technologies to solve some problems in education and teaching. Zhao Guoqing: Educational technology can be compared with cooking technology, painting technology, photography technology and architectural design technology. Just like a kitchen knife is not equal to cooking technology, a camera is not equal to photography technology, and a TV set and a computer for education are not equal to educational technology. But as you can see, cooking technology can not be separated from kitchen knives, photography technology can not be separated from cameras, so educational technology can not be separated from media technology, which provides a material basis for educational technology. There are good and bad cooking techniques and photography techniques mentioned here, so there are also good and bad educational techniques, which may not necessarily promote education and teaching, but of course we are pursuing such a good educational technology as my skill of understanding cows. Student: Why is technology not the focus of our study? We don't know a technology. How do we use it? What related technologies will we learn? Sun Fang: Applied technology is different from learning technology. We don't need to know much about TV technology when watching TV, and we don't need to know much about mobile phone technology when using mobile phones. We use computers, but we don't learn computers. Our focus is on using this technology and combining it with teaching. The technologies we will learn are: learning technology, teaching media technology and teaching system design technology. Sun Fang: Generally speaking, it is not difficult to learn and apply a tool technology. The difficulty lies in how we use it and what we do with it. How can we make these tools promote our own teaching and learning effects?

Zhao Guoqing: Media technology is the material basis of the educational technology we want to learn, so we must also pay attention to it. Educational technology mainly includes teaching system design technology, curriculum development technology and educational engineering technology. At the university stage, I mainly studied teaching system design technology. 1. The use of tools, equipment and machines is not a real technical student: you are engaged in the teaching of educational technology. What is educational technology for? Is it just using computers to do some computer-aided teaching and so on? Sun Fang: Yes, I'm really engaged in educational technology, and I'm also very interested in computer-aided teaching, but that doesn't mean educational technology. In actual teaching, although we sometimes use computers and projections to practice in the computer room, educational technology is not taught by computers. Student: Oh, so your main job is to persuade subject teachers to use other media? If we use more teaching media tools, such as slides, projectors, multi-functional classrooms, computers, computer networks and so on. Help us to use these media, manage, maintain and repair these equipment, and put forward suggestions on how to make better use of these teaching media, right? Sun Fang: Of course! I do suggest that teachers use one kind of media or another to help teachers choose the right teaching media and manage, maintain and repair these devices, but I don't actually see myself as a manager and repairman of teaching media. Student: Then you must be the producer of educational films and educational TV programs, or the developer of teaching software and teaching websites? Sun Fang: We have to do these things, and we have already done them. Of course, we may do it again, but even if we don't do these things again, we can still be competent for our work, because these jobs are not our main job. Student: So what's your main job?

Sun Fang: As mentioned above, our educational technology is not technology in education in essence, but technology education, that is, the application of technology in education and teaching, so our main job is education. Now we say that teaching should be student-centered, and the core foundation of educational technology is learning psychology and students' learning psychology. Only by knowing our students can we really apply technology to education and teaching, so our main work is to study technology and cognition, information presentation and cognition. .........

Zhao Guoqing: At present, the work that educational technology workers do in reality mainly includes the teaching of educational technology specialty, the development of educational teaching resources, the management and maintenance of educational teaching media, the teaching of information technology courses in primary and secondary schools, etc., but there are also some relatively high-end work, that is, the original research of educational technology, such as the prototype research of educational technology, the development of educational technology effect films, the construction principle of educational teaching system, the application of media in education and teaching, and model research. Among them, the development of educational and teaching resources and the teaching of information technology courses in primary and secondary schools are the main bodies at present.

Second, how does educational technology treat technical students: I have used tools, equipment and machines that others call technology in teaching, such as multimedia, network and even some technologies. Does this mean that I have linked technology with teaching? Sun Fang: It's only your attempt. You really should consider this problem from a technical point of view. Student: What do you mean by really considering the problem technically? Sun Fang: The so-called real consideration from a technical point of view means rational and conscious selection and use of tools, equipment, machines and technologies. Zhao Guoqing: According to the idea of educational technology, we should first find the educational and teaching objectives on the basis of the achievements provided by the existing educational research, then determine the means or media under this objective, establish a direct causal relationship between the objectives and means and form a set of procedures, and then find the defects of the procedures and improve them by means of technical artifacts. Taking lesson preparation as an example, we should first determine the teaching objectives, then formulate teaching activities and form teaching plans, and then use defect analysis to find the defects of teaching plans and further improve them. These are all theoretical and designed. The preliminary work has not been implemented, and the teaching plan will be improved after implementation. As for what is artificial defect method, see Yang Kaicheng's paper "A Defect Analysis Method of Technical Workpieces". Student: "rational and conscious"? You mean, when I choose and use tools, equipment, machines and technologies, I should know why? Can you explain my choice and purpose? Be able to explain to others the reasons for choosing and using tools, equipment, machines and technologies. Sun Fang: That's true. You should at least explain the reasons for choosing and using tools, equipment, machines and technologies from the aspects of suitability for learners, teaching objectives, teaching contents and teaching strategies. Student: Oh, I see! Your so-called educational technology is to use tools, equipment, machines and technologies in a way that can be proved to be correct. Sun Fang: It can be said that educational technology is a proven technology and scheme, including the application of tools, machines, hardware and software in teaching. This technology and scheme can be used repeatedly. In other words, as an educational technician, I want to apply my understanding to educational practice. 3. Is there a difference between educational technology and teaching art?

Sun Fang: I think so. Educational technology refers to the product of empirical research and experience summary in the teaching process, while teaching art is based on teachers' rich teaching experience, unique talents and aesthetic taste. Perhaps there are three main differences: first, educational technology attaches importance to the design, prediction, procedure and planning of teaching programs, while teaching art attaches importance to the flexibility, regularity, uniqueness and aesthetics of teaching methods; Second, educational technology is realistic and efficient, while teaching art is beautiful, vivid and interesting; Thirdly, once the products of educational technology (whether hardware, software, system or scheme) are developed, they can be used and improved repeatedly, with reproducibility and reusability. The teaching art is created by teachers' unique talent and sense of humor in the teaching process and their subjective initiative in specific situations, and even depends on their understanding of education and teaching and their emotional investment in education and teaching. It is the teacher's performance. Four, the main goal of learning educational technology is to solve the problems existing in education and teaching, in order to optimize the teaching process and help students learn more effectively. Student: There is indeed a lot to be improved in the field of education. So what are you going to do? Sun Fang: At present, our main tasks are: First, we can provide students with rich learning resources. The second is to provide students with suitable learning tools and supporting environment. Student: Ah, that sounds great, but it's not easy to do. How did you achieve it? Sun Fang: Yes, it's not an easy job. There are many factors involved in education and teaching, and the ideal effect of education and teaching depends on the satisfaction of many conditions. At present, a method called teaching system design, namely system engineering method, has been developed in the field of educational technology. This method regards education and teaching as a whole, analyzes the main factors involved and examines the conditions on which it depends. On this basis, a set of teaching strategy scheme is designed, and this scheme is tried, evaluated and modified repeatedly until it is perfect, and then it is popularized and applied. Of course, the teaching plan also includes the choice of teaching media.

Student: So, educational technology is not only the job of educational technology professionals, but also teachers should understand and master it? Sun Fang: Yes, only when all educators, especially those engaged in the front line of education and teaching practice, can master the theories and methods of educational technology well can they have a substantial impact on education reform. I think this day will come through the joint efforts of you and me, you and us.

Sun Fang: As a subject teacher, the most important thing is to be able to combine educational technology with one's own subject, improve one's actual teaching and solve some problems in teaching by means of educational technology. For example, I can consciously use some ideas and methods of educational technology in my own lesson preparation, class, guidance and evaluation of students. As an educational technology major, the division of labor will be more detailed, such as specializing in media management, design and development of teaching resources, technical maintenance, theoretical research and so on.

Student: So, what is the focus of our normal students who are not majoring in educational technology to learn educational technology? Sun Fang: First of all, we should be able to use some current technical means (searching, reading and taking notes) for purposeful study, so as to understand, experience and be familiar with the current development of educational technology. Therefore, at the beginning of our course, we will let everyone learn to use the internet, learn how to read effectively, and learn to take notes. Secondly, we should master the use of some common classroom teaching media and the application methods in teaching. It is very important to master the requirements and influences of different information presentation on learners. The third key point is to master the application of instructional design in classroom teaching. The fourth is to master the use of educational technology to evaluate students.