People are the unity of various qualities. In order to facilitate understanding and research, we divide quality into different parts. Every quality is a different aspect of a complete person's development, organically unified in a person, forming a complete quality whole of a person, which is manifested as a complete personality in real life. All components of education are also different aspects of unified education, which organically constitute a complete education and have an impact on people.
Various qualities permeate each other. For example, scientific quality may include ideological and aesthetic factors, and aesthetic quality may also include scientific and ideological factors. Similarly, education permeates each other. Intellectual education includes moral education, aesthetic education, physical education and labor education, as well as aesthetic education. As an integral part of education, every kind of education cannot be mechanically divided. In real life, there is no pure "moral education" or "intellectual education" that does not contain other educational elements.
The relationship between various qualities is not flat and parallel. The components of education are not in parallel. From natural physiological quality to psychological quality and social and cultural quality, it embodies the hierarchy of development from low to high, that is, the difference of quality development level. Different levels of quality are also different in nature, showing different characteristics. Physical quality has innate heredity, individual difference, mature biological process of growth and development, unlimited potential, and is at the grassroots level of overall quality development. Psychological quality is the alloy of congenital biological factors and acquired social factors, which affects the development of natural physiological quality and mediates the internalization of social and cultural experience, and is at the intermediate level of quality development. Social and cultural quality is the accumulation of a certain social culture. As a reflection of interpersonal relationship, that is, social relationship, it is manifested as political quality, ideological quality and moral quality in individuals; As a reflection of the relationship between man and nature, it is manifested in the individual's mastery of scientific and cultural knowledge and the development of ability. Social and cultural qualities such as knowledge, thought, morality and aesthetic feeling are formed and developed on the basis of psychological development. At the level of quality development. Corresponding to the level of quality structure, all components of education are at different levels. Physical education is the basic level, while intellectual, moral and aesthetic education is the level. If psychological education is also an integral part of education, it is at the middle level. Various components contained in labor technology education can be decomposed into other education, and when it integrates the factors of other education, it becomes a relatively independent educational component. It is inappropriate for us to juxtapose morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. The relationship between the five educations is not a parallel relationship on a plane.
However, it is not enough for us to realize that the development of quality is hierarchical. It is also necessary to understand the role and relationship of different levels of quality in the overall quality, and then understand the structural problems of education.
As a physical level, natural quality is the natural force of human beings, the carrier of humanistic quality and the material basis for the existence and development of psychological quality and social and cultural quality. Social and cultural quality plays a leading role in people's quality structure, is the main content of quality, marks the nature, direction and level of people's quality, and embodies the essence of people. Psychological quality is the intermediary between the subject and the outside world. Ushinski said, "The main activities of education are carried out in the fields of psychology and psycho-physiological activities." Social culture is internalized in the psychological level through the subject, and finally accumulates in people's physical and mental organizations, forming people's quality.
Understanding the position, function and relationship of various qualities in the overall quality will help us understand the structure of education, and each component of education also has its own position, function and relationship in the whole education.
Physical education is an education to develop the body, enhance physical fitness and impart basic knowledge, technology and skills. Its main function is to develop physique. Physical education is the basic part of education, which provides the physiological premise for all-round quality development.
Moral education is ideological and moral education, including political education, ideological education and moral education. It is that educators purposefully influence the educated according to the requirements of a certain society and the needs and formation laws of the ideological and moral development of the educated, and form certain ideological, political and moral qualities and develop certain moral abilities through the active understanding, experience and practice of the educated. Moral education is one of the main components of middle school education in China, and it is a concentrated expression of the socialist nature of education in China. Personally, moral education trains them with the correct ideological and political direction and socialist moral quality, which makes the talents trained in our school fundamentally different from those trained in all exploiting class schools in ideological and political moral quality.
Intellectual education is an education that purposefully endows students with systematic scientific knowledge and skills and develops their intelligence and ability. Its main function is to cultivate students' scientific quality. Intellectual education is an important basic part of education. In modern society, not only scientific and technological workers need to have a high degree of modern scientific and cultural literacy, but ordinary workers and ordinary soldiers should also have a considerable cultural and scientific level and considerable intelligence and ability.
Aesthetic education is aesthetic education, also known as aesthetic education. The main function of school aesthetic education is to cultivate aesthetic quality, form students' correct aesthetic view, and cultivate students' ability to feel, appreciate and create beauty. Aesthetic education is the gymnastics of the soul and an indispensable part of social and cultural quality education. Aesthetic education not only has the function of moral education, but also is a way to know the world through concrete images. It not only promotes the harmony of body function, but also enriches and delights people's spirit.
Labor and technical education is an education to master the production technical knowledge and labor skills of the main departments of industry, agriculture and tertiary industry. The implementation of labor technology education is of great significance to the combination of education and productive labor and the all-round development of physical and mental quality, and is an important measure to promote the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
The interrelation of all kinds of education is dialectical, and they permeate each other to form a whole. Moral education, intellectual education and physical education have always been considered as the basic components of education. Among them, physical education provides material conditions for the implementation of various education, and intellectual education provides necessary scientific knowledge and intellectual foundation for the realization of various educational goals. Moral education always restricts people's development direction, affects the nature of parenting effect and provides motivation for people's development. Education without aesthetic education is incomplete education. Labor technology education plays an important role in promoting the combination of mental work and manual work, making students use their hands and brains, and combining theory with practice.
It can be seen that the five educations are inseparable and penetrate each other. People's quality exists as a whole, and the all-round development of education is also a unified whole. We can separate each kind of education ideologically, but in reality, we should only understand it as a part of the whole, and each part cannot act on students in isolation.