(Question 13)
Examination questions and reference answers of "Educational Psychology" in the qualification examination for middle school teachers in Jiangsu Province in 2006 I. Multiple choice questions: 1. Psychological research shows that the change degree of individual forgetting curve is () A, before and after B, after fast C, after slow D, which is irregular. 2. Constantly change the non-essential attributes of similar things in teaching. In order to highlight the essential attributes, methods such as () a, change B, change C, change D and highlight 3 are called. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, children can think from two or more angles at the same time. This shows that children's cognitive level is () A, perceptual movement stage B, pre-operation stage C, concrete operation stage D and formal operation stage 4. Educational psychology generally believes that the first western book on educational psychology was published in () a, 1903 B, 19 13 C, 1965438+. The third stage of children's self-awareness development is () A, social self B, psychological self C, physical self D and spiritual self 6. Psychologists who put forward the theory of cognitive structure learning are () A, Ausubel B, Bruner C, Gagne D and Thorndike 7. Ask students to make assumptions by creating problem situations. Then the teaching strategies to verify the hypothesis and draw conclusions are () A, cooperative learning B, discovery learning C, situational learning D, guided learning 8, learning that "right triangle is a special triangle", which belongs to () A, vocabulary learning B, symbol learning C, concept learning D, proposition learning 9, advanced organizer teaching technology is often used in () A, discovery learning B, acceptance learning C, and individualized learning. Master learning 10. According to the nature of transfer, learning transfer can be divided into () a, positive transfer and negative transfer b, vertical transfer and lateral transfer c, ordinary transfer and special transfer d, positive transfer and reverse transfer 1 1. The third stage of Bruner's learning process is () A, transformation B, acquisition C, evaluation D, assimilation 12. Bloom's main basis for classifying educational goals in the cognitive field is (). The psychological characteristics of knowledge and skills C, the law of knowledge-to-skills transformation D, the degree of change of knowledge learning situation, etc. 13, which of the following is an example of cognition () a, students can accurately predict their scores after exams B, students can draw inferences from others in their studies C, students stop to think when they encounter difficulties in reading, or go back to the front and reread D, and remember by retelling strategies1. When teaching practical problems, the math teacher repeatedly stressed that students should see the problems clearly and draw some schematic diagrams when necessary. The purpose of doing this is (a) to remember the topic content B, complete the problem representation C, effectively monitor the problem-solving process D, skillfully use the calculation skills 15. If a parent wants to use watching TV as an reinforcement to reward his children to finish their homework on time, the most suitable arrangement should be (a) to urge their children to finish their homework immediately after watching TV; They are required to watch TV at appropriate times every week; C, punish children for watching TV too much; D, they can only watch TV after finishing their homework on time; 2. Fill in the blanks with 16. The main factors affecting the transfer are similarity, _ _ _ and learning attitude and formula. 17, metacognitive monitoring includes planning strategy, _ _ and adjustment strategy. 18. Educational psychology is a kind of applied psychology and an interdisciplinary subject of _ _ _. 19. On the basis of studying foreign models, Chinese psychologists put forward a general cognitive process model of problem solving, which can be divided into discovering problems, putting forward hypotheses and experiencing hypotheses. 20. The research system of educational psychology is intertwined with the learning process, _ _ _ and the evaluation and reflection process. 2 1. China psychologists divide learning into _ _ _ _, skill learning and behavior norm learning. 22. Psychologists in China divide individual psychological development into eight stages, among which the age range of adolescence is _ _ _ _. 23, there are two main ways to learn rules, discovery learning and _ _ _ _. 24, the three basic components of the problem, given _ _, the goal. 25, educational psychology research believes that the relationship between anxiety level and learning efficiency is _ _ _ _. Explanation of terms: 26. Study preparation: 27. Psychological development: 28. Creativity: 29. Knowledge: 30. Learning strategy: 4. Short answer: 3 1. Briefly describe the role of learning transfer? 32. Briefly describe the basic characteristics of psychological development? 33. Briefly describe the concept and significance of the zone of proximal development? 34. Briefly describe the educational significance of personality development stage theory? 35. Briefly describe the composition of achievement motivation in the school situation? Discussion topic: 36. Discuss the basic characteristics of moral development of middle school students? 37. Discuss the role of knowledge learning? 38. Discuss the psychological characteristics of young people? Reference answer: 1. Multiple choice questions 1, B 2, C 3, C 4, A 5, B 6, B 7, B 8, D 9, B 10, a1,C 12, c/kloc-0. Original cognitive structure 17, monitoring strategy 18, psychology and pedagogy 19, comprehension question 20, teaching process 2 1, knowledge learning 22,1,12- Noun explanation 26, learning preparation: the adaptability of students' original knowledge level or psychological development level to new learning, that is, the level and characteristics of personal physical and mental development that promotes or hinders learning when students learn new knowledge. 27. Psychological development: a series of psychological changes that occur in the whole life process of an individual from birth, maturity, aging to death. 28. Creativity: the ability and characteristics of individuals to produce novel and unique products with social value. 29. Knowledge: information obtained by individuals through their interaction with the environment and their organization. Its essence is the reflection of the human brain on the characteristics and relations of objective things, and it is the subjective representation of objective things. 30. Learning strategy: A complex plan about the learning process made by learners purposefully and consciously in order to improve the learning effect and efficiency. 4. The transfer of short answer questions 3 1 and (1) has a direct role in promoting problem-solving ability. (2) Migration is an effective way to summarize and systematize the acquired experience, and it is also a key link in the formation of ability and morality. (3) The law of migration plays an important guiding role for learners, educators and relevant trainers. 32. The development of students' psychology has four basic characteristics: continuity and stage, directionality and sequence, imbalance and difference. Vygotsky of the former Soviet Union believed that children have two levels of development: one is the current level of children, and the other is the level of development that will be reached soon. The difference between these two levels is the nearest development zone. The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between the level at which children can solve problems under the guidance of adults and the level at which they can solve problems independently, which is actually a transitional state between two adjacent development stages. It shows the possibility of children's development, and its significance lies in that educators should not only see the level that children have reached today, but also see the process that is still in the state of formation and development. 34. According to Eriksson's theory of personality development, children's personality development is a gradual process, which must go through eight stages in the same order. The first five stages belong to the period of children's growth education: basic trust versus basic distrust (0- 1.5 years old), mainly to cultivate trust; The sense of autonomy mainly cultivates the sense of shame and doubt (2-3 years old); The sense of initiative mainly cultivates the sense of guilt (4-5 years old); Diligence and inferiority (6- 1 1 year) mainly cultivate the sense of diligence; Self-identity is important for role confusion (12- 18 years old), mainly to cultivate self-identity; The other three stages are intimacy versus loneliness (adulthood), reproduction versus stagnation (middle adulthood) and self-integration versus despair (late adulthood). Erickson's development theory points out the tasks of each development stage, and gives specific educational methods to solve the crisis and complete the tasks, which helps teachers to understand the types of conflicts faced by children in different development stages, so as to take corresponding measures to improve the situation and prescribe the right medicine. Atkinson is the main representative of achievement motivation theory. He believes that personal achievement motivation can be divided into two categories: one is to strive for success, and the other is to avoid failure. Motivation of success, that is, people's tendency to pursue success and the positive emotions brought by success; Motivation to avoid failure, that is, people's tendency to avoid failure and the negative emotions caused by failure. In learning activities, achievement motivation is a major learning motivation. V. thesis questions 36. Hint: The basic characteristics of middle school students' moral development: (1) Ethics develops self-discipline, and words and deeds are consistent. Including the formation of moral belief and moral ideal; Enhance self-awareness; Moral behavior habits are gradually consolidated; The moral structure is more perfect. (2) Moral development is from turbulence to maturity. Including the instability of moral development in junior high school; Moral development in senior high school tends to be mature. On the whole, the moral outlook of junior high school students has begun to take shape, but it has the characteristics of polarization. High school students are mature in ethics and can consciously use certain moral concepts, principles and beliefs to regulate their behavior. 37. Tip: Knowledge has always been an important part of school education. Knowledge learning is an important prerequisite for increasing experience, forming skills and developing creativity. The role of knowledge learning: (1) Learning and mastering knowledge is one of the main tasks of school teaching. (2) Learning and mastering knowledge is an important foundation for students to form various skills and develop their abilities. (3) Knowledge learning is a necessary prerequisite for creativity. 38. Tip: The pre-adolescence refers to the period from 14, 15 to 17 and 18, which is equivalent to the high school period. Early youth is a period when individuals are close to adults physically, psychologically and socially. Their intelligence is close to maturity, abstract logical thinking has changed from "empirical" to "theoretical", and dialectical thinking has begun to appear. The dominant emotion is the emotion associated with the outlook on life, and the sense of morality, reason and beauty has developed profoundly. They can not only look at themselves objectively, but also express themselves clearly, defend themselves sensitively and cherish themselves, forming a rational self-cognition. However, the ideal self and the realistic self are still facing the crisis of division, and self-affirmation and self-denial often conflict. They are full of ideals for the future, dare to say and do, and their will and sense of action have greatly developed, but sometimes they have fantasies that are out of touch with life.