First, the reasons for the emotional instability of children entering the park.
It is inevitable that children will come to kindergarten from home, and they will not adapt to the unfamiliar environment and personnel and the new life schedule. According to observation, the factors affecting children's adaptation to parks can be roughly divided into three aspects:
environmental factor
Compared with the family environment, the spacious activity space and rich toy materials in kindergarten will make children feel novel and exciting. Even children who are very difficult to adapt will be attracted by this novelty at first, but it will soon disappear. Once they disappear, they will immediately have resistance to kindergartens. Kindergarten space, environmental layout, goods placement, use methods, etc., are all unfamiliar to new children. Children can't use it at will, can't monopolize it, and can only share it with their peers, which objectively challenges the social adaptability of new children.
(B) interpersonal factors
Children are self-centered at home, and the objects of communication are the people closest to them. After entering kindergarten, both the object of communication and the way of communication have changed. Because there are many children, the teaching staff may not be able to understand and meet the needs of each child in time. In communication with peers, children don't know much about the rules of the game, and they don't express their opinions properly, so conflicts between peers are inevitable. These situations will inevitably lead to emotional confrontation and psychological maladjustment of new children.
(3) Activity mode factors
When children enter the kindergarten from home, the scope of activities expands, the content of activities becomes rich and colorful, and the way of activities changes from casual and free to certain rules and requirements. For example, many things need to be done independently; The schedule is different from that at home; Various routine activities alternate, and so on. These are very difficult for children whose socialization process is in the primary stage and their self-control ability has not yet developed.
2. Ways to help children stabilize their emotions.
Guiding children to overcome various psychological obstacles after entering the park is an important link to help children face the society, adapt to collective life smoothly and cultivate good interpersonal skills. Specifically, the following methods can be adopted:
(a) to help children and parents prepare for admission before entering the park.
Before entering the park, it is important for children to be familiar with teachers and kindergartens, and to generate love for kindergartens and teachers, so as to adapt to kindergarten life more quickly.
1. immersive scene: before entering the park, the teacher organizes children, accompanied by parents, to enter the small class in the park and play games with them. In order not to affect the normal teaching work of the original class, we only arrange 3-5 freshmen to follow us every day. Small class teachers should also follow the class, communicate with each new student and give corresponding help and guidance. For example, let children bring small cups and drink water with their brothers and sisters; Sit next to my brother and sister and listen to stories together; Play toys with brothers and sisters, etc. In this process, children get to know their teachers; Through the observation of children and communication with them, the teacher has a preliminary understanding of children's personality characteristics and various aspects of development; Parents have a preliminary understanding of the daily life of kindergartens through observation.
2. Intimate contact: After the parent-child activities, the children have a good impression on the kindergarten and have a certain understanding of the teachers in their class. At this time, children need to experience the happiness of kindergarten life, so we organized group parent-child activities to provide a platform for children, teachers and parents to communicate face to face. We divide the children in our class into two groups and come to the park every other day, with a total number of not less than 5 times. Provide different toys at a time. For example, desktop toys: wooden beads, snowflakes, plastic blocks, plastic tableware and so on. Outdoor toys: slides, small rocking carts, big sandbags, balls, tools for playing with water and sand, etc. In the activities, children have closer and more frequent contact with teachers and peers, teachers observe children more carefully and communicate with parents more smoothly. Teachers can also give timely feedback to parents about their children's activities and put forward targeted suggestions and opinions. This kind of activity can enrich children's perceptual experience of kindergartens and teachers, and make psychological preparations for entering the park, thus reducing crying and shortening the adaptation period. It also allows children to transfer attachment objects and adapt to the new interpersonal environment as soon as possible.
3, into the family: before the children enter the park, it is necessary for the teacher to make a home visit. First of all, teachers can understand the situation and special needs of children at home. Some babies frown when they want to pee; Some babies don't like people wearing black clothes to get close; Some babies have to bite the corner of the quilt or hold a pacifier when taking a nap. Secondly, it can make children feel that teachers and parents are friends and eliminate the strangeness and tension after entering the park. Through early contact with parents and children, teachers can better understand children's hobbies and living habits, and observe children's physique and self-care ability, as well as the educational level and basic quality of family members. Parents can deepen their understanding of teachers' work and kindergarten situation, so as to actively cooperate with teachers' work, eliminate worries and jointly prepare their children for adapting to kindergarten life as soon as possible.
(2) How to help children adapt to kindergarten life as soon as possible in the park.
1. Pay attention to children's going in and out of kindergarten: Although going in and out of kindergarten is only a short two links in a day's life, it is the key time for children to cry when they first enter kindergarten, which will have a great impact on children's smooth adaptation to kindergarten life. Before entering the park, the teacher should fully understand each child, call out each child's name, and it is best to call out the child's nickname, so that the child can feel the teacher's attention and kindness and start a new day's life and study with a positive attitude. When leaving the park, teachers can take time to communicate with parents. On the one hand, they can let parents know about their children in the park.