(1) Qufu and Zoucheng are famous historical and cultural cities, the hometown of great thinkers Confucius and Mencius respectively, the birthplace of China's traditional thought-Confucianism, and one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization, which have a far-reaching influence on the development of China culture and even the world culture. Mencius and Xunzi developed Confucius' theory of benevolence; Mohism advocated "universal love" and "non-aggression", which was accepted by the working people during the Warring States period and also adapted to the needs of the rulers to consolidate their rule and adjust social relations.

(2) Reasons: The bipolar pattern of the world has ended and the trend of multipolarization has been strengthened; Economic globalization has become one of the main trends of world economic development, and the interdependence of countries' economies is deepening day by day; China's reform and opening-up policy has promoted the understanding of China in the world. China's economy has developed rapidly, its national strength has been enhanced, and its international status has been unprecedentedly improved; Confucianism emphasizes people-oriented and advocates "harmony without difference", which is conducive to promoting the development of multi-culture in the world and the construction of a harmonious world. Positive influence: It is conducive to the further improvement of China's international status, the wide spread of China culture in the world and the construction of a harmonious world. (3) support. (1) was jointly initiated by central and local leaders, 69 academicians of the two academies and patriots from all walks of life. ② It can reflect the core values, spiritual concepts and moral beliefs of the Chinese nation. ③ It can be cared for, continued and passed down from generation to generation, and has the value of excellent Chinese cultural specimens. ④ It can become a holy city of oriental culture and a common spiritual home for Chinese people all over the world. ⑤ It can further expand the influence of Chinese culture in the world. ⑥ Promote the development of tourism economy in Shandong and even the whole country. ⑦ It can better protect the traditional culture of China. ⑧ Enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation.

Objection. China culture should be at least 5,000 years of civilization in time, not from Confucius and Mencius. ② In Qufu and Zoucheng, there is still a lot of work to be done to protect traditional cultural sites, and it is urgent to build new landmark cities. Every culture has important sites, which bear witness to history and are our spiritual home. If this city is built, it will be unfair to other cultures and not conducive to national unity and harmony. (4) The huge cost may affect the economic development of Shandong. ⑤ At the National People's Congress, more than 100 CPPCC members signed against it, which was widely questioned by public opinion.