To sum up, the significance of primary and secondary school teachers learning to master modern educational technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects: mastering the application methods of modern information technology in the teaching process, adapting to the requirements of the development of modern teaching environment for teachers, being familiar with and mastering the use of various modern teaching concepts to guide teaching, and helping teachers build a new modern teaching model.
First, master modern information technology.
With the rapid development of information processing technology, internet technology and digital multimedia technology based on computer and communication technology, the pace of informatization in contemporary society is getting faster and faster, and the application of information technology has begun to penetrate into all aspects of human social life. In the era of information society, the collection, arrangement, processing, application and dissemination of information through computer and network technology has also become an important technical pillar of contemporary society, and will also be an important way and basic method for future teaching.
The application ability of modern information technology is an essential basic quality for talents in 2 1 century. Whether teachers can master and apply modern information technology and its basic information literacy will directly affect the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. The basic goal of primary and secondary school teachers is to comprehensively enrich and improve information technology literacy and teaching application ability by learning, mastering and applying modern educational technology based on modern information technology.
Primary and secondary school teachers should not only learn the basic knowledge and application methods of modern educational technology. These contents not only include the traditional audio-visual media information technologies such as projection, electroacoustic, television and their new technology development and teaching application in the digital age, but also pay more attention to learning and mastering the design, development and application of contemporary information technologies based on computer multimedia and network communication technology in the teaching process, such as audio-visual media teaching technology, computer multimedia teaching technology, network media teaching technology and the design, application and development technology of various media resources and teaching process.
Second, adapt to the modern teaching environment
With the rapid development of contemporary science, technology and educational application, modern teaching environment no longer relies on "a blackboard and some chalk" to carry out teaching activities. The application of audio-visual media and multimedia computers in teaching, as well as the construction and development of campus networks in primary and secondary schools, not only greatly changed the traditional school teaching environment, but also had an important impact on the traditional teaching mode which focused on classroom language teaching.
1. Media teaching environment
With the educational application of various media information technologies, modern teaching environment first presents the characteristics of media, such as audio-visual media comprehensive classroom, digital projection demonstration teaching system, multi-functional language laboratory and even virtual technology simulation training and other teaching places. Media technology has become the basic means to carry out teaching activities.
2. Online learning environment
The network teaching environment of the school mainly includes radio network, TV network and computer network. The teaching network systems widely used in teaching activities are mainly radio and television. At present, many schools in China are building or have built multimedia network electronic classrooms and campus computer teaching networks. With the vigorous development of China's education informatization construction, the networked teaching environment will cover every school and even every classroom in the country.
3. Digital resource environment
With the vigorous development and popularization of modern information technology, the construction of various digital teaching resources based on magnetic media and optical media has developed rapidly, and the storage carrier and dissemination mode of knowledge will undergo fundamental changes with the information process. Local schools and education departments will establish multimedia teaching information resource centers, digital libraries and electronic reading rooms, and develop and build a large number of digital network teaching materials and courses.
With the wide popularization and application of modern information technology in the field of education, the modern teaching environment is developing towards media, networking and digitalization. The construction of modern teaching environment, such as media teaching environment, network learning environment and digital resource environment, puts forward new quality requirements for teachers. As the guide and promoter of modern teaching, teachers can adapt to the requirements of modern teaching environment information development only by fully mastering and skillfully using various modern educational technologies.
Third, be familiar with modern teaching concepts.
The application of modern educational technology will not only change the traditional teaching methods and methods, but also lead to the change of traditional teaching concepts, thus building a brand-new modern teaching concept system, such as teaching system concept, teaching information control concept, teaching design concept, student-centered concept, overall optimization concept, quality education concept and so on.
1. The concept of teaching system
Educational technology carries out all teaching practice with the system method as the core, and the system method and the basic principles of system science constitute the theoretical basis for the application and research of educational technology.
Teaching system is an organic whole with teaching function, which is composed of teachers, students, teaching media, teaching content and other teaching elements according to their internal relations and certain structures. Among all the factors and their relationships, teachers and students are the most active factors, which can determine the teaching quality and teaching quality. In order to obtain satisfactory teaching results, teachers must observe, analyze and design the teaching process from a systematic perspective, determine the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching media and teaching strategies, arrange and organize teaching activities according to the characteristics of teaching objects, mobilize the enthusiasm of students to participate, and realize the optimization of the teaching process.
2. The concept of information control
From the perspective of communication, the teaching process is the two-way transmission and exchange of knowledge and information, and the teaching system is an open information dynamic system. So it is also an adjustable information control system. In this control system, the teacher (controller) sends out teaching information to control the learning of the students (controlled), and the learning status of the students is fed back to the teacher in the form of feedback information. Teachers readjust the teaching process according to the analysis of feedback information, so that students can achieve the predetermined teaching goals.
In the process of information control of teaching system, we should first set a clear teaching target value, and then transmit teaching information according to the needs of the target to implement the teaching process. In the process of learning, students should strive to eliminate all kinds of external interference and complete the teaching objectives. The evaluation of learning results forms feedback information, and teachers can adjust the teaching process at any time according to the evaluation information to control students' learning; Students can also consciously adjust their learning status through feedback evaluation, so that the learning results can reach the predetermined target value.
3. The concept of instructional design
Instructional design is the basic content of educational technology. It is a process of determining teaching objectives, organizing teaching resources, selecting teaching strategies, making teaching plans and evaluating teaching effects by using systematic methods on the basis of a comprehensive investigation of various elements of the teaching system and their relationships. Its purpose is to ensure good learning conditions and realize the optimization of teaching process. Teaching objectives, teaching resources, teaching strategies and teaching evaluation are the four basic elements of teaching design. Any good teaching needs design, especially through the teaching process of modern educational technology.
Teaching design at any level must solve three problems:
(1) What should students learn? That is, to solve the problem of teaching objectives;
(2) What teaching resources and strategies are needed to achieve the teaching objectives? That is, to solve the problem of resources and strategies;
(3) How to evaluate the learning results? That is to solve the problem of learning effect evaluation.
4. Students' subjective concept
The relationship between teachers' teaching and students' learning in the teaching process has always been a controversial topic among educators. Although the "dominant subject theory" which takes teaching as the leading factor and learning as the main body has been widely recognized, the traditional teaching method takes teachers' teaching as the center and the teaching process takes teachers and text textbooks as the center, and the students' dominant position has not been truly reflected. The application of modern educational technology has changed the traditional teaching methods and teaching organization forms, making the traditional lecture-based classroom teaching develop into class teaching, group teaching, individualized teaching and network teaching at the same time, creating objective conditions for truly realizing the teaching process of "teaching as the leading factor and learning as the main body".
Redesigning the teaching process by using modern educational technology not only changes the traditional teaching process from "teacher-student" mode to "teacher-media-student" mode, but also requires the behavior roles of teachers and students to change, that is, teachers design and guide teaching simply by imparting knowledge in the traditional teaching process; From paternalistic indoctrinators and trainers to enlighteners and guides of students' learning. Students should change from simple and passive acceptance of knowledge in traditional teaching to active and conscious learning, and give full play to the role of learning subject. Teachers' roles are mainly the designer of teaching activities, the guide of students' learning and the exhibitor of personality quality. Teachers are students' teachers and guides, but also students' friends and partners in learning.
5. The concept of overall optimization
Any system has a certain structure, and the function of the system is the function of the whole structure, which is equal to the sum of the functions of each isolated part plus the sum of the structural functions formed by the interconnection of each part. For the teaching process, the function optimization of the teaching system is the result of the overall optimization of the system. The teaching process is a complex information dissemination system, and the complete teaching process should include the selection, processing, storage, transmission, feedback, evaluation and analysis of teaching information. The application of modern educational technology enables teachers to transmit teaching information through various media means and methods. When designing and organizing teaching, teachers must establish the concept of overall optimization, rationally analyze and optimize the design of teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching media and methods, teaching evaluation standards and other factors with a holistic view, and give full play to the overall function of the teaching system.
6. The concept of quality education
The purpose of education is to promote human development. Human development not only refers to the improvement of intellectual skills, but also includes all the contents of students' physical and mental development, such as morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and technology. Facing the development of the future society, the research report of the International 265438+20th Century Education Committee 1996 holds that the future education must be redesigned and reorganized around four basic learning abilities, namely, learning knowledge, learning to do things, learning to cooperate and learning to survive. These are the so-called four pillars of education.
The four pillars of education are consistent with the goal of quality education advocated by China. Modern educational technology provides strong technical support for promoting the development of quality education and cultivating people's innovative ability and cooperative spirit. For example, personalized autonomous learning, cooperative learning, inquiry learning and situational construction learning based on various media technologies are not only conducive to cultivating students' cognitive ability and operational skills, but also to cultivating individuals' awareness of participation and cooperation in social life, enhancing their ability to deal with interpersonal relationships, manage and solve problems, and cultivating students' strong comprehensive abilities such as pioneering consciousness and innovative spirit, so as to develop their personal qualities in an all-round way.
Fourth, build a modern teaching model.
With the development and wide popularization of modern educational technology, the organizational form and teaching mode of modern teaching have also undergone fundamental changes. The traditional teaching mode based on school classroom teaching will gradually develop to the media combination teaching mode, modern distance teaching mode, personalized autonomous learning mode and interactive network cooperative learning mode.
1. Media combination teaching mode
In the traditional classroom teaching process, the information transmission between teachers and students mainly depends on language teaching and text teaching materials, and its basic model is "teachers and students". With the wide application of modern educational technologies such as slides, videos, movies and computers, the traditional "teacher-student" teaching mode has gradually developed into a classroom multimedia combination teaching mode.
Classroom multimedia combination teaching refers to the classroom teaching activities carried out by teachers combining a variety of modern media technologies with traditional teaching methods. In the teaching process, teachers can use traditional means or audio-visual means to convey teaching information, and also can present and explain the teaching content from different angles and levels through the organic combination of the two, so that the teaching process is vivid and intuitive, and at the same time it can be summarized abstractly, thus achieving the ideal teaching effect.
Traditional methods such as explanation, discussion and answering questions are more suitable for teaching objectives based on cognition, while methods such as practice and experiment are more suitable for teaching objectives based on operational skills. Different types of modern teaching media have different teaching objectives and media practice methods. It is not only suitable for cognitive goals and motor skills goals, but also suitable for teaching goals of attitude and emotion. Because of the different functional characteristics of various teaching media and teaching methods, it is not a question of which media or method to choose, but a question of how to use it to obtain the overall optimization of teaching effect. In modern educational technology, the selection and design of teaching media and teaching strategies are particularly important.
2. Modern distance teaching mode
Distance teaching centered on printed textbooks is just a form of letter (journal) education. With the continuous development of modern educational technology and the increasing demand for talents in society, powerful media such as radio and television, satellite television and even the Internet are widely used in the process of remote teaching in different places, forming a modern distance teaching model.
The biggest advantage of distance radio and television teaching is that it can accommodate thousands of educational objects in Qian Qian to study at the same time. Compared with the class teaching in schools, it can break the campus wall of running a school, expand the scope and scale of teaching, and meet the social demand for talents. However, due to the media-centered teaching method, teachers and students are separated from each other, and there is no two-way flow of information, so teachers cannot adjust and control the teaching process in time; Students mainly study through media textbooks, and the quality of media textbooks will directly affect the learning effect.
Network distance education not only adds great vitality to modern distance education, but also can realize two-way information exchange between learning and teaching, thus making up for the limitation of lack of learning feedback in radio and television teaching to a great extent. The organic combination of Internet technology and satellite communication technology will largely solve the problems of teaching quality and teaching efficiency that have always existed in distance education.
3. Personalized autonomous learning mode
Personalized learning is a student-centered teaching structure model and an important way for students to use the media to carry out personalized learning independently. In the individualized autonomous learning mode, the subject who controls the learning process is the student; The role of teachers is mainly embodied in designing various media textbooks for students, or indirectly controlling the teaching process through the programming of media textbooks. Personalized autonomous learning mode is suitable for learners of any condition and level. Using all kinds of teaching resources for personalized learning, students can receive learning guidance from textbooks according to their learning ability, which makes up for the limitation that unified class teaching is difficult to take care of students' individual differences, so as to obtain good learning results. Computer-aided instruction is a typical representative of this model.
With the development of computer network and information superhighway, online learning will become an important form of personalized learning in future education. In the networked personal learning environment, because the learning resources provided by the Internet have incomparable advantages over traditional learning methods, they are not only rich in information, rich in content and vivid in form, but also have the interactive function of multimedia learning. In addition, with the maturity of multimedia computer and virtual reality technology, virtual reality system will also be widely used in the field of education. It can create a good simulated learning environment, provide independent and flexible learning methods, fully mobilize the multi-sensory participation of learners, and is conducive to cultivating comprehensive, harmonious and healthy talents. It can be predicted that virtual reality system will also be an important form of personalized teaching in the future.
4. Network cooperative learning mode
Interactive information network has the characteristics of large information capacity, high speed, wide range and two-way interaction. Its implementation will provide an ideal teaching method for the teaching process and form a networked cooperative learning with the characteristics of two-way interaction. Users in the network structure can use various media to exchange information. As a learning process, they mainly use multimedia computers. In teaching activities, students use the interactive function of computers to communicate with other users (teachers, students, etc.). ) or a network server in a local area network. If the content can't meet the requirements, you can further apply for a local area network or even a wide area network to exchange learning information with users or resource centers farther away. This model can easily monitor all students and analyze the learning results, so as to understand the overall level and individual differences of students, so as to adjust the teaching content, methods and progress in time; Students have changed the state of passive learning and can actively participate in teaching activities; At the same time, the network system can also provide cooperative learning conditions for students from different regions, which is conducive to creating a new mode of networked cooperative learning.
As a powerful mass media in the information age, the Internet has a very broad educational application prospect. Internet can not only support individual learning based on a single computer, but also create a good environment for collaborative learning based on computer network. Modern learning theory holds that the process of students' knowledge construction depends not only on their original knowledge level and learning experience, but also on the common discussion and understanding of problems among learning partners to some extent. Through the Internet, students in the same class, the same school, different schools and even different regions can have extensive discussions, and students and teachers can conduct cooperative discussions and research on a learning theme or a research project.
Computer-supported collaborative learning includes many types, such as network discussion, cooperative construction, observation and research, and help and guidance. At present, many online cognitive tools can support cooperative learning and research among students. With the continuous development of computer network, cooperative learning mode based on network technology will be paid more and more attention.