1. Teach without distinction: it is the principle of running a school of Confucius, which stipulates the educational goal of running a private school of Confucius. Its basic meaning is to expand the target of education regardless of China people and foreigners, so that those who are willing to study but are allowed in academic ability, economic conditions and time have the right and opportunity to receive education. This educational proposition conforms to the trend of social and historical progress and breaks the monopoly of a few slave owners and nobles on cultural education. Expanded the scope of education, in line with the development trend of education.
2. Learning to be an official: it is a high generalization of the education system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is also an important feature of the slave social education system in China, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① Rites cannot be inferior to Shu Ren, academic and education are controlled by the palace and governments at all levels, and ritual vessels are all controlled by the government, so people have no conditions to hold academic activities and there are no schools. (2) No matter officials or teachers, the school is located in the government, and officials are both education officials and school teachers. (3) the integration of politics and religion, the integration of educational institutions and administrative institutions, and the integration of education and administration.
3. Three major procedures and eight items
The educational goal put forward by "University" is: "The way of university is to show virtue, be close to the people and stop at perfection." It means: carry forward beautiful morality, and then make people abandon the old and change into the new, and reach the highest state of perfection. The first focuses on self-cultivation, the second focuses on managing people, and the third is the ultimate goal. This is the programmatic expression of the Confucian goal of university education and the goal of being a man for learning, and it is also the clearest overview of the pre-Qin Confucian ethical thought called "Three Programmes" by Zhu. In order to achieve the three goals of university education, The University also put forward eight steps, which Zhu called "eight items". "Eight items" is a set of procedures to complete the educational purpose of "self-cultivation and family harmony" according to the program of university education, and the core of the eight items is self-cultivation.
History of foreign education:
1, Socrates' teaching method: Socrates put forward and adopted a teaching method, namely "question and answer method". When he teaches students, he does not directly explain all kinds of truths or impart all kinds of specific knowledge to them, but asks students questions, makes them answer, inspires them to think, and guides them to approach the correct conclusion step by step. His question-and-answer teaching method is also called midwifery. This is the earliest heuristic teaching method in the world, which has a wide influence.
2. Knight education: it is the education of secular feudal lords in medieval western Europe, and it is the product of feudal manor economy and feudal hierarchical politics. This is a special kind of family education, and its main goal is to cultivate chivalrous spirit and the skills of going forward bravely, being loyal to the monarch and respecting the Lord. They focus on learning seven skills of knights, namely, riding, swimming, throwing guns, fencing, hunting, playing chess and reciting poems. Their contents focus on religious and moral qualities, with the main purpose of developing military combat capability, and their cultural knowledge is extremely poor.
3. Essentialism education: a modern educational thought, represented by Bale and conant. The main viewpoints are: sharply opposing American progressive education thought; Take the common elements of human culture as the core of school education; The teaching process must be a process of training wisdom; Emphasize that students must study hard and concentrate on their studies; Emphasize the core position of teachers in education and teaching.