Montessori's view on children's psychological development is the basis of all her educational theories. In the past, many people criticized her for being purely genetic determinism on this issue, but it is not entirely true. Looking at all Montessori's theories, she thinks that children's psychological development is neither pure internal maturity nor the direct product of environment and education.
It is the result of the interaction between organism and environment, and it is realized through the experience of environment (Montessori: Acceptable Mind, English version 1949, p. 97). Montessori affirmed that creating a good environment, taking correct educational measures, early education and enriching children's experiences can eliminate and prevent mental retardation.
Montessori also believes that the impulse of vitality is expressed through children's spontaneous activities. "Life is dynamic and can only develop through activities." In order to express, satisfy and develop children's vitality and personality through activities, it is necessary to create a suitable environment.
Montessori has set up a good environment for "Children's Home": there is a big garden where students can enter and leave freely; Lightweight tables and chairs, 4-year-old children can move at will; There is a long row of low cabinets in the classroom, and children can take all kinds of teaching AIDS in them at will. This kind of environment setting obviously serves the children's free activities.
Montessori also believes that different individuals have different development rhythms. If education is to coincide with the sensitive period of children's development, different education must be adopted to adapt to different mature rhythms. Therefore, she attaches great importance to individualized teaching, allowing children to move freely according to their own needs and fully develop their personalities.
Extended data:
Dr. maria montessori is an outstanding early childhood education thinker and reformer in the history of education, the first woman to study medicine, and the first female doctor of medicine in Italian history. 1870 August 3 1 Maria Montessori was born in Chiaraval, Ancona.
Father Alexandru Montessori is a noble descendant, a calm and conservative soldier, and mother Rainier Stopani is a devout Catholic, knowledgeable, pious and kind, rigorous and open-minded. As an only child, Montessori was deeply loved by her parents and received a good family education. Therefore, since childhood, I have developed an independent personality of self-discipline and self-love, as well as a caring and loving heart.
Maria montessori is a world-famous preschool educator in the 20th century. Her unique law of early childhood education has swept the whole western world, profoundly affecting the educational level and social development of all countries in the world, especially advanced countries in Europe and America. The characteristic of Montessori education law is that it attaches great importance to children's early education.
She has been engaged in educational experiments and research for more than half a century. Her teaching methods range from intellectual training, sensory training to sports training, from respecting freedom to building will, from civilian education to aristocratic education, which has provided several generations of excellent talent base for the sustainable development of western industrialized society. The history of western education claims that she is the greatest educator of scientific progress who won the recognition of Europe and the world in the 20th century.
Baidu encyclopedia-Montessori education