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Do the documents issued by local government departments (such as education department and education bureau) have legal effect? What are the nature of these documents?
Have legal effect. These documents are called departmental normative documents (some local regulations have such legal titles), and their effectiveness is lower than that of laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, departmental rules and local government regulations. At the bottom of our legal system.

Once it conflicts with laws, regulations and rules, it will be declared invalid. However, the invalidation must be carried out by the legal subject through legal procedures. Generally, it may be the government at the same level or its superior department of these departments. The court may also refuse to apply these documents because they are illegal, making them useless in the judicial field.

If a local government department refuses to accept a specific administrative act based on these documents, it may file an administrative reconsideration. If the documents are illegal, it may also request the reconsideration organ to examine the legality of these documents. When trying administrative litigation cases, the court also has the right to review these normative documents to decide whether they are applicable.

In short, the normative documents of administrative organs, including departmental normative documents, are the most practical "laws" in the sociological sense, but their legitimacy is the lowest in the whole substantive law system, which is easy to be questioned. In fact, a large number of government departments illegally exercise their functions and powers based on such documents.

After reading your supplementary question,

First of all, there is no doubt that this document is legally binding.

Secondly, this document is a departmental normative document. (See Regulations of Guangdong Province on the Administration of Normative Documents of Administrative Organs. Note that this is a local government regulation and a law in the sense of legislative law, which is more effective than the departmental normative documents you mentioned).

Third, if you want to make sure that this file is invalid, you'd better find its superordinate method. Once you conflict with the superior law, your lawsuit will win half. The reason is half, because you have to rely on the authority to declare it invalid or the court decides not to apply this document.

Finally, as far as this case is concerned, it is only a contract dispute case. The problem is that your student client wants to terminate the contract. You'd better study this part of contract law first. Contract law is a law, which is much more effective than departmental normative documents.

Finally, you can ask me any questions.