What is the method of enterprise management flexibility? 1. The flexibility of enterprise management is the inherent requirement of the development of the times.
(A) In the industrial era of the 20th century, with the core of meeting production needs, enterprise management became rigid.
That is, according to the rules and regulations, relying on organizational authority for stylized management. Such as the famous Taylor management model: treat people as? Economic man? 、? Accessories for the machine? , emphasizing organizational authority and professional division of labor. Insist? Centering on rules and regulations? Through management mechanism, governance structure, internal control system, system restraint and assessment system, accountability mechanism and reward and punishment measures, social productive forces have been greatly developed.
(B) 2 1 Century In the era of knowledge economy, enterprise management is flexible with the core of meeting the demand for intellectual resources and informatization.
That is, personalized management is carried out according to the common values, culture and spiritual atmosphere of the organization. Such as Mayo's behavioral science theory: treat people as? Social man? The key to improve production efficiency is to satisfy employees' social desire and improve morale. Insist? People-oriented? Attach importance to intellectual resources and informatization, and adopt a non-mandatory way to organically integrate employees' personal wishes, ideals and values, as well as the strategic thinking, strategic goals and business philosophy of enterprises; Give full play to the individual initiative and collective wisdom of employees and create value for enterprises.
Theoretically, rigid management and flexible management are the unity of opposites. Western countries (such as the United States) attach importance to hard factors such as strategy, structure and system, while ignoring soft factors such as organizational values, style, personnel and skills. Asian countries (such as Singapore and South Korea). Attach importance to the ideological and cultural spirit of enterprises? Software? .
In practice, rigid management and flexible management interact. Rigid management is the premise of efficient management and the foothold of flexible management; Flexible management is the lubricant of efficient management and the sublimation point of rigid management. Enterprises choose rigid management or flexible management according to the quality of employees, the nature of work and corporate culture to achieve efficient management.
Second, the flexibility of enterprise management is the integration of management theory.
(a) Professor Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory: five hierarchy of needs: physiology, safety, socialization, respect and self-realization.
At present, the demand of the latter three levels is stronger, emphasizing self-management, self-improvement and self-realization. Pursue a relaxed and harmonious living and working atmosphere, and value a sense of accomplishment, respect, honor and belonging.
(B) Professor Herzberg's two-factor theory
Health care factors are the low-level needs (physiological needs, safety needs, social needs) that must be met to maintain life; Motivation is a high-level need to be respected and realize oneself. Like Venus Beer Group? Venus is my home, and development depends on everyone? 、? Venus develops and I grow, and Venus grows and I benefit? 、? Into Venus, into the house? ; ? Please inform the company in time if you can't arrive at the company on time due to physical discomfort, traffic jam, family difficulties and other reasons? ; Still valid? Capable, average and mediocre? Employment and incentive mechanism.
(C) the economist McGregor's Theory X (Theory X) and Theory Y (Theory Y)
Among them, theory X holds that people are lazy, lack ambition, hate responsibility, prefer to be directed, employees' actions should be guided, and management should be persuaded, rewarded, punished and controlled; Y theory holds that human nature has inherent development potential, the ability to take responsibility, the ability to face organizational goals and guide their own behavior, and enterprise management needs to pay attention to human nature and let employees understand and develop their own internal characteristics. Management flexibility is a scientific management based on Y theory.
In practice, management flexibility is mainly aimed at high-quality employees engaged in creative activities to meet high-level needs; Turn external regulations into internal commitments and conscious actions; Consciously converge and adjust the expectations of employees' personal goals and enterprises' organizational goals, and realize personal value under the condition of completing organizational goals.
Third, the characteristics of flexible management.
(A) the fuzziness of quality
Either-or logic failure, mostly in the middle state. The subject and object of enterprise management are flesh and blood, emotional and thoughtful people? Real people? 、? Living? Instead of. Robots? Psychological tendency and behavioral intensity.
(2) Nonlinear quantity
The superposition principle of the number of elements is invalid, and the enterprise resource elements are not simple combinations. People have great potential flexibility and are unwilling to continue to accept simple and rude linear management behavior.
(C) the inherent nature of the drive
Enterprise managers play down the influence of giving orders and other rights, and strengthen knowledge and personality charm; The managed person is infected by the manager's' entrepreneurial spirit'. The interaction and exchange of feelings and ideas between them greatly stimulated the initiative and creativity of each employee.
(D) lagging management effect, lasting impact
Enterprises should manage employees' behaviors well, and form a strong and lasting influence from external regulation-internal commitment-conscious action, which takes a long time to transform and a long period of management effect.
(V) Effectiveness of incentive measures
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory and McGregor's XY theory, management flexibility mainly meets the high-level needs of employees and has a good incentive effect.
Fourth, the flexibility of enterprise management has comparative advantages.
Compared with rigid management, flexible management has some limitations, such as chaotic division of responsibilities, vague working standards and poor performance evaluation. It also has a strong comparative advantage.
Fully stimulate the creativity of employees. Flexible management to meet the needs of employees and enhance the sense of ownership; Employees consciously improve their work standards, tap their potential and work creatively.
Form a harmonious management atmosphere. Flexible management cultivates employees' habits, strengthens employees' self-management, and forms the spirit of collectivism and mutual cooperation within enterprises, thus standardizing enterprise management behavior and employee behavior, forming a preventive mechanism and improving work efficiency.
Realize? People-oriented? The management thought of. The core of flexible management lies in people-oriented, flexibility and rigidity. Adhere to people-oriented management as the core, and emphasize the flexibility of organization and strategic decision-making.
Five, the implementation of enterprise management flexibility
Enterprise management should be people-oriented, organically combine management mechanism and management system, and fully implement flexible management.
Decision-making does not require demanding the only optimal solution; Rigid management began to change to flexible management.
? A word? Rigid decision-making is bound to be subjective, one-sided and arbitrary; ? Group chat? Only by making flexible decisions and comprehensively analyzing various independent opinions and suggestions can we choose good deeds.
Enterprises should strive to establish and improve the educational environment, living environment and working environment. Carry forward the spirit of ownership and integrate values; Adhere to equality of personality, equal rights and responsibilities, and implement an equal management system.
Enterprises should pay full attention to the vital interests of all employees, and promptly disclose the decision-making procedures, processes and results such as development goals, strategic planning, reform plans, employee employment methods, and reward and punishment methods; It not only accepts the supervision and evaluation of the competent department and the shareholders' meeting, but also enables the employees of the enterprise to have the right to know, comment and supervise.
Enterprises should implement democratic total quality management, encourage employees to actively put forward suggestions on the internal and external management of enterprises, participate in the formulation of business objectives and plans, and participate in decision-making and management; Stimulate employees' working mood and attitude, and make employees have strong internal motivation and driving force.
Enterprises should not only pay attention to material rewards, but also pay attention to spiritual rewards. In particular, the creative work of employees cannot be simply quantified. If hard quantification is the basis of reward, it will dampen their enthusiasm and creativity and affect their potential.
Enterprises should create conditions for the growth and development of employees, meet the legitimate and reasonable needs of employees, stimulate work motivation, strengthen professionalism, and strengthen employees' sense of competence, responsibility and accomplishment.
Problems needing attention in implementing enterprise management flexibility with intransitive verbs
Flexible management is not the same as humanized management.
Enterprises should implement strict management system based on management rigidity; On the basis of creating a good team atmosphere, we should pay more attention to the implementation of management flexibility. Because management flexibility focuses on the interests of employees, it is superficial, partial and temporary; People-oriented management focuses on the interests of employees, which is substantive, comprehensive and continuous.
Flexible application of management flexibility
Enterprises should vigorously adopt advanced management theory, management methods and management experience to avoid taking this as a solid foundation and limiting the creativity of employees.
Flexible management should emphasize the leadership mode of people-oriented, rule by virtue and introspection.
Should business managers correct it? I want to be better than others? 、? Happy if you don't want to smell it? 、? Like to argue? 、? Show it to your majesty? 、? Reject other people's advice, willful? And other mistakes, and effectively improve the leadership execution.
Implement personalized marketing
Does the enterprise translate customers' perceived wishes or needs into words that customers can clearly say? This is exactly what I want? Products meet the specific needs of each customer. For example, China Procter & Gamble uses e-mail to integrate customer information at the front end; At the back end, we use one-to-one analysis tools to analyze customers' consumption behaviors and preferences, so as to better understand customers' needs and maximize them in a short time.
Means of strengthening enterprise reengineering
Enterprise reengineering is to adjust business model, identify market opportunities and reposition market roles; Pay attention to building a learning organization, and improve the adaptability of enterprises to the market from individual employees to the whole organization. At the same time, it provides a large number of implementation opportunities for management flexibility that can stimulate people's subjective initiative.
Refine functional management
Enterprises implement democratic management and emphasize organizational flexibility, such as reforming organizational structure and transitioning from centralization to decentralization; Emphasize the flexibility of strategic decision-making, such as implementing flexible budget and rolling planning method; Emphasize marketing mix to attract and stimulate consumers to buy; Emphasize the flexibility of production, such as flexible production lines in manufacturing industry, multi-variety, small-batch and marketable products; Emphasize management informationization, such as management information system and office automation.