Workshop safety education knowledge
1, carefully abide by the safety operation procedures.
The first thing that new workers should remember is to abide by the safety and health regulations in the workplace. Many safety regulations are summarized from the experience of previous accidents and injuries, and we should strictly abide by them.
Any operation must have the correct procedure, how can it be operated? Did it go well? Is it safe? Is it easy? The way forward. Therefore, if the procedures are not followed, accidents and injuries may be caused. Some people think? Just do it your own way, okay? Follow the procedure? Too much trouble? , but? Haste makes waste? . Only by faithfully observing the operating procedures can safety be guaranteed.
2. Early prediction of safety before work
Make clear the matters needing attention in the work before taking up the post, and actively ask questions if they are unclear until they are clear. Do you want to check the scope of work for safety problems? Is there any danger of slipping and falling? Are the tools used and used damaged? Are there any abnormalities in materials and machinery used? Think about it at work at any time? What are the dangers of the next operation? How can we avoid this danger? . It is forbidden to enter the dangerous area at will and tamper with the valves and electrical switches.
3. Safety knowledge
1) Pits, ditches and pools that need to be set for production should have fences or cover plates.
2) The stacking of raw materials, finished products and semi-finished products should not hinder the operation and traffic, and the wastes should be removed in time.
3) The workplace should be kept clean and tidy.
4) Fireworks are strictly prohibited in places where inflammable and explosive articles are scattered.
5) It is forbidden to distribute and use chemical fiber protective clothing and articles to workers working in inflammable, explosive, burning and static places.
4, the main reason of common electric shock accidents:
(1) Electrical wiring and equipment installation do not meet safety requirements.
(2) Non-electricians handle electrical affairs at will.
(3) Moving long and tall metal objects to touch charged bodies such as power lines and power distribution cabinets.
(four) the operation of leakage of mechanical equipment or the use of electric tools.
(5) The power cord of hand-held electric tools such as electric drills is damaged or loose.
(6) Electric welding operators wear vests and shorts, and do not wear insulated shoes; Sweat soaked gloves; The electrode holder accidentally bumped into himself.
(6) Wet hands operate machine switches, buttons, etc.
(7) Improper use or management of temporary lines.
(8) Electrical equipment such as power distribution devices, overhead lines, cables, switches and distribution boxes. Damaged by high temperature, high humidity, dust, rolling, friction and corrosion. In long-term use, electrical insulation is damaged and grounding or zero protection is poor, which leads to leakage.
(9) The junction box or plug seat is unqualified or damaged.
5. The main causes of mechanical injury accidents are:
(1) Overhaul and inspection machinery ignores safety measures. If someone enters the equipment maintenance and inspection work, it will cause serious consequences if they do not cut off the power supply, put up warning signs prohibiting closing and assign special personnel to monitor.
(2) Lack of safety devices. If there are mechanical transmission belts, gear machines, couplings, pulleys, flywheels and other parts that are easy to hurt people, there is no intact protective device; There are no guardrails, cover plates and warning signs in manholes and feed inlets, and accidents will occur if people accidentally touch these parts.
(3) The power switch layout is unreasonable. One is that the switch is far away from the equipment and can't stop immediately in case of emergency. The other is that several mechanical switches are set together, which may easily lead to serious consequences.
(4) In the process of mechanical operation, cleaning, feeding and other operations are carried out.
(5) Unauthorized entry into the dangerous operation area for mechanical operation (forbidden area or forbidden area).
(6) fiddling with machinery.
6, mechanical injury accident prevention measures:
(1) When maintaining machinery, it is necessary to strictly implement the warning signs of power failure and no closing and the system of special care. After cutting off the mechanical power, it must be confirmed that its inertial operation is easy to stop completely before it can work. Before the mechanical maintenance and operation are completed, the site must be carefully inspected, and all personnel in the mechanical part must be confirmed to be completely evacuated before the card can be closed.
(2) Set up perfect safety devices.
(3) The layout of the power switch must be reasonable and meet two standards: First, it is convenient for the operator to stop in an emergency, but other mechanical equipment cannot be started by mistake.
(4) In order to clean up the accumulated materials and stuck materials of machinery, a warning board system should be implemented when the machine is stopped and power is cut off.
(5) It is forbidden for irrelevant personnel to enter the mechanical workplace with large risk factors at will.
(6) Operators of all kinds of machinery must receive professional training, master the basic knowledge of equipment performance, and take up their posts only after passing the examination.
7. What is on-site management?
First of all, in the workshop or job site, from the plane space to the three-dimensional space, the positions of the equipment, tools, materials and workpieces used should be standardized and managed in a civilized way. Second, the movement of field personnel should be restricted, that is, the red area? Is a restricted area, during which there is danger or injury; Yellow area? It's a warning zone, and it's dangerous. When you must enter, you should pay special attention or take necessary preventive measures; The third is the green area? This is a safe area where people can enter, and dangerous logistics should be avoided.
8. Why do cigarette butts cause fires?
The surface temperature of burning cigarette butts is 200℃? 300℃, its central temperature can reach 700℃? 800℃, and the ignition point of paper, cotton, wood, polyester, fiber and other general combustible materials is
130℃ ? 139℃, easy to cause fire. The ignition energy of flammable gas and flammable liquid vapor is generally below 1 mj, and cigarette butts are more dangerous. In addition, there is fire in unburned charcoal ash, which falls on dry and loose combustible materials, and it is easy to ignite the fire.
9. Behavior in flammable places? Four bogeys?
Avoid high temperature operation. Including no welding, no cutting, no smoking and no kindling.
Second, avoid wearing clothes and spikes made of chemical fiber. Because they can generate electrostatic sparks or impact sparks at any time. Avoid using non-explosion-proof tools and lamps. So as to avoid collision sparks and electric sparks.
Four avoid using BP machine, walkie-talkie, mobile phone, telephone, etc. Just use explosion-proof telephone on site.
10, unsafe behavior of the operator
(1) Operation error, ignoring safety and warning.
Including starting, closing and moving the machine without authorization, not sending a signal when starting and closing the machine, not locking the switch, causing unexpected rotation, forgetting to turn off the equipment, wrong operation, and weak fastening of the workpiece tool.
(2) Failure of safety device
If the safety protection device is removed, the safety device will lose its function, and the adjustment error will lead to the failure of the safety device.
(3) using unsafe equipment
Temporary use of unstable facilities, such as working ladders, use of equipment without safety devices, and pulling of temporary lines that do not meet safety requirements.
(4) Use hands instead of hand tools to clean chips manually, without fixture fixation, and perform mechanical processing by hands.
(5) Items (finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, chips, production supplies, etc.) are improperly stored. ).
(6) Climbing in unsafe places (such as platform guardrail, crane balance beam, machinery and equipment that is easy to rotate or move, etc.). ).
(7) Personal protective equipment and appliances must be used, but they are not used or used incorrectly.
(8) It is unsafe to wear. For example, when working next to equipment with rotating parts, wear clothes that are too fat and loose, and don't put them in the hat; Wear ornaments; Wear gloves when operating equipment with rotating parts; Wear high heels, sandals and slippers to enter the workshop.
(9) Inadvertently or for troubleshooting, approaching a dangerous place, such as cleaning a stuck object between two relatively moving parts, may cause squeezing injury, pinch off, squeezing or people's limbs being rolled up, thus causing serious injuries.
1 1, common fire sources: