Source of works
It comes from the first of a group of poems "Two Thoughts on Reading" written by Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty.
These two poems describe his feelings of "reading" and reveal profound philosophy with vivid images. The first poem refers to the phenomenon of fresh water pouring into the pond, which means that we must constantly accept new things in order to keep our thoughts active and progressive. The second poem can sail freely in the water with the help of a huge ship, which shows that artistic creation needs inspiration. The whole poem contains philosophy with vivid metaphors and is full of rational interest, which has been told all the time.
original work
Reflections on reading.
one
Half an acre of square pond is like a mirror, crystal clear, and the sky and clouds are floating on the water.
Why is the water in the pond so clear? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.
Annotation of works
1. Tang Fang: Also known as Banmu Pond, located in Zhengfu (later called Nanxi Academy) in the south of Youxi, Fujian. Zhu Song, Zhu's father, made good friends with Zheng, so he tasted the poem "Drunk in Zheng Villa": "Open up the territory. The sheep are flying, and they are willing to be satisfied with the spring breeze. " Jane: One is a bronze basin, which was used to hold water or ice in ancient times. Mirror; Some scholars also think that mirrors. Look at people in the mirror.
2. The sky and clouds are wandering together: it means that the light of the sky and the shadow of the clouds are reflected in the pool water and constantly changing, just like people are wandering. Wandering, moving back and forth.
3. Canal: It, the third person pronoun, here refers to the water in Tang Fang. That: No way. That: it's the same as "where". What do you mean? Clear: clear. So: so, so.
4. For: Because. Source flowing water: metaphor knowledge is constantly updated and developed, thus accumulating. Only by constantly learning, applying and exploring in the study of life can we keep ourselves advanced and energetic forever, just like the source of water.
Translation of works
Half an acre of square pond is displayed like a mirror, in which the brilliance of the sky and the shadow of floating clouds move together.
Why is the water in that square pond so clear? It is because there is an inexhaustible source to continuously transport living water for it.
Creation background
In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), in order to avoid the disaster of Han Tuozhou, a powerful minister, Zhu and his disciples, Cai Shen and Huang Zhong came to Wuyi Hall (now Zhushan Village, Ping She Township, lichuan county) next to Shuanglin Temple in Fushan, Xincheng to give lectures. During this period, he traveled between Cheng Nan and Nanfeng. Now, at the invitation of Li Yuanji and Deng, he wrote an Inscription of Sergeant Jianchang, which greatly praised Jianchang talents. At the invitation of Wu Lun and Wu Chang brothers in Hamawo Village, Shangtang, Nancheng County, he gave lectures in the village, wrote Rongmu Xuan for Wu's guild hall, Bookstore for reading pavilion, Shecang Collection for the social warehouse founded by Wu brothers, and also wrote Two Random Thoughts on Reading in the village.
works appreciation
Judging from the title, these two poems are about the experience of "reading", which is intended to be well-founded and argumentative. If it is not good, it is likely to be written as "the rhyme of quotations and handouts", but the author writes poetry because he captures the image from nature and social life and lets the image speak for itself.
The first poem is a philosophical poem expressing reading experience. When describing the perceptual image of things themselves, it also contains rational things. Half an acre of square pond is not big, but it is as clear as a mirror. "A mirror" means "mirror". Looking into a person's mirror, "mirror" and "mirror" have the same meaning. The "half acre square pond" opened like a mirror. Although the "half acre square pond" is small, it is as clear as a mirror, and "the sky and clouds" are reflected by it. Sparkling and floating. See you later. As a description of the scenery, it can also be said that it is very vivid. The images displayed in these two sentences can give people a sense of beauty and make people feel open-minded. This perceptual image itself also contains a rational thing. It can be seen that the water in the "half acre square pond" is deep and clear, so it can reflect "the sky and clouds"; On the other hand, if it is shallow and dirty, it cannot be reflected, or it cannot be accurately reflected.
It is precisely by grasping this point that the poet made further exploration and wrote three or four philosophical sentences: "What is the clarity of the canal?" ? Because there is flowing water from the source. The word "Qu" in "Wen Qu" is not the word "Qu" of "water in a canal", but a pronoun, which is equivalent to "It", and "Wen Qu" means to ask its meaning. In this place, "it" means "square pond". The poet didn't say how deep the square pond was. The third poem highlights the word "Qing", which already contains "Shen". Because if the water in the pool is not deep, even if it is clear, it can't reflect the modality of "sky and clouds wandering together". If the poet grasps the deep and clear water in the pool, he can reflect the characteristics of "sky and clouds". But the poet didn't stop there. He further raised a question. " Is it so clear to ask "that square pond"? "Asking why it is so' clear' can reflect' sky and clouds'. There is no way to answer this question by looking at this square pond in isolation. The poet then opened his eyes and looked from a distance. Finally, he saw the "source" of "Fangtang" and found the answer. It is precisely because "Fangtang" is not passive water, it has inexhaustible "source" and continuously delivers "living water" to it. This "square pond" will never be exhausted, stale, dirty, deep and clean because of the continuous input of "flowing water from the source". "Qing" can not only embody "sky and clouds", but also embody such a detailed modality as "sky and clouds" and "roaming together" This is the image and ideological significance of this little poem.
The second poem is also a poem with images. It takes boating as an example to let readers know the truth related to learning. "Last night, the river was full of spring water and the ship was light." Among them, "Dragon" was also written as "Meng Chong". Because of the heavy rain last night and the spring water by the river, thousands of streams and streams rolled into the river, so the original stranded "great ship" floated like a feather. "It's always a waste of time to push the boat, so swimming is free today." It is said that when the boat was shallow, it was futile for everyone to push the boat hard. At this time, the spring water soared, but the great ship floated freely in the current. The poem highlights the importance of spring water, and its objective significance lies in emphasizing the generation of artistic inspiration, which is enough to make artistic creation smooth and comfortable; It can also be understood that artistic creation needs basic skills, and then practice makes perfect, so you can control it freely. This poem is probably written by the author after thinking hard about a certain problem and suddenly having an experience after studying.
The truth contained in Two Thoughts on Reading belongs to the category of aesthetic principles, one is to appreciate beauty, and the other is to create beauty. This aesthetic principle is universal to some extent. For example, if the reader abandons the description object of the poem itself, this truth can be extended completely. For example, if "book" is understood as "book", the contents of books generally do not include medical books, philosophy books, history books, science books and so on. And only in poetry, music, prose and other literary content to reflect the beauty of literature and art, then we can also think that "flowing water from the source" expresses "inexhaustible literary thoughts" and "one-night spring tide" expresses "generate's literary thoughts"
Brief introduction of the author
Zhu (1130.9.15—1200.4.23), also known as Zhonghui, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and was also called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture, Jiangnan East Road (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi. Zhu is the only one of the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall who worships Confucius Temple without being personally handed down by Confucius. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and served as the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. He is an honest official and promotes the construction of academies. This official worships Huan's attendance system and gives lectures to the emperor.
Zhu Zhu is the author of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Zhuzi Daquan and Zhuzi Xiang. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.