At present, China's higher vocational education has made great progress, and the higher vocational education system has taken shape. "Vigorously developing" is the consensus of the government and the administrative department of education on higher vocational education. With the continuous improvement of the policy environment, the continuous "expansion" of the demand for advanced skilled talents in the current society, the solid theoretical foundation of higher vocational education and the teaching characteristics of "combining work with study", more and more people tend to vocational education and choose to be a senior blue-collar worker. Therefore, in recent years, the scale of vocational education has been expanding, the number of students has been rising, and the teaching level has also achieved rapid development.
At the same time, the development of higher vocational education is also the coexistence of opportunities and challenges. At present, the development of China's higher vocational education and social and economic progress have strong inadaptability and disharmony. In the eyes of many people, higher vocational education still lacks the attraction it deserves. People look at higher vocational education with colored glasses and think that it is just a "spare tire" in the case of failing in the college entrance examination or poor grades. Students who choose higher vocational education are often "passive" rather than "active". This helpless choice and embarrassment undoubtedly have a very negative impact on the healthy development of higher vocational education, which has caused the bad state of higher vocational education "full of diseases" to a certain extent.
1. The blindness and fuzziness of running a school coexist.
Looking at the development of higher vocational education in recent years, there is impetuous psychology in running a school, and the specialty setting, teaching process and teaching methods copy the model of undergraduate colleges. This utilitarian and blind mode of running a school is undoubtedly an act of "painting a tiger according to a cat", which obviously fails to implement higher vocational education, and at the same time fails to highlight the characteristics of "combination of work and study" in higher vocational education. It can be said that the fuzziness of running a school and the blindness of running a school have seriously hindered the development of higher vocational education. In addition, this broken mentality will undoubtedly lower the status of higher vocational education in people's minds, thus forming a vicious circle of getting worse and worse.
2. The social recognition of higher vocational education is not high.
"Everything is inferior, only reading is high." In today's society, people have a high recognition of pure reading knowledge, but there is "discrimination" in higher vocational education. The bad labels of "skilled workers" and "handyman" all reveal the social disapproval of higher vocational education, and the social atmosphere affects the enrollment and development of higher vocational education. Although the number of students enrolled has increased, the quality and level of students are relatively low, because most students with excellent academic performance in high schools have chosen formal university education and continue to regard reading as their future outlet. The "informality" of higher vocational schools is the consensus of many students, so few students directly choose higher vocational schools. As Professor Pan Maoyuan said, China is also very strange. Everyone wants to find a job, but the word "career" appears at the school gate, which is very embarrassing. This is quite different from the prosperous scene of higher vocational education abroad, and it is also a problem that needs our government and schools to reflect deeply.
3. The faculty is weak, and there is a lack of "double-qualified" teachers.
The nature of higher vocational education determines that higher vocational teachers should have book knowledge on the one hand and strong practical operation ability on the other. In reality, it is often difficult to find such teachers with both ability and political integrity. Either the undergraduate or graduate teachers recruited by the school only have book knowledge but lack practical knowledge, or the enterprise talents only have practical knowledge but lack theoretical knowledge. Many higher vocational colleges choose to hire external teachers or go to enterprises to hire excellent skilled workers for part-time jobs, but these are not long-term solutions. The working hours and nature of external teachers and skilled workers are highly uncertain, which will affect the quality of teaching and the improvement of school teachers' level, and even affect the image and reputation of the whole school.
Second, the cause of the problem
1. The orientation of higher vocational education is not clear.
Higher vocational education is the highest stage of vocational education, and its original intention is to cultivate excellent professional and technical talents, so as to solve the current situation of serious lack of high-tech professionals in society. It can be said that higher vocational education has a strong purpose and particularity at the beginning of its establishment. It is not simply to meet the "all-round" talent demand of the whole society, but its goal is to focus on factories and front lines. However, the current higher vocational education overemphasizes the "higher vocational nature" of higher vocational education and pursues high academic qualifications and knowledge, thus ignoring the importance of technology and practice. This kind of higher vocational education is not suitable in level and scope. In addition, the training of senior technicians and technicians is not achieved overnight. The training of senior technicians and technicians needs to accumulate a lot of practical work experience. A few years of school education is obviously far from enough. Even with relevant certificates, it can't meet the needs of employers. The certificate will only become a dead letter, and the vocational education will become "raw rice", and the vocational education certificate will naturally depreciate accordingly.
2. There are misunderstandings in the guidance of higher vocational education.
At present, most people think that higher vocational education is to cultivate high-skilled applied talents, but we find that we don't know what high-skilled applied talents are. It can be said that from the perspective of macro statistics of talents, high-skilled and applied talents have certain guiding significance, but it is of little practical guiding significance for the specific training of talents in practice. In fact, there is no objective standard for dividing applied talents and research talents. Under the background of building an innovative society, application and research are obviously intertwined and influenced each other. At the same time, for individuals, the social development situation is changing with each passing day, and career change can be said to be the general trend. It is very common for students to change jobs in time according to the actual social situation, and the mismatch between majors and occupations has also become a common phenomenon in today's society. Therefore, it is obviously unrealistic to think that the delusion of higher vocational education determines students' lives at the moment they enter school.
3. There is a serious shortage of professionals in higher vocational education.
On the one hand, higher vocational education needs book education, on the other hand, it needs to practice factory technical education. For this reason, teachers in higher vocational education are often excellent skilled workers in factories. Then the problem comes, and the outstanding talent enterprises in this industry are of course willing to provide generous treatment to keep them. At the same time, talents in enterprises can also give full play to their own advantages and achieve better results. However, higher vocational education can not bring them much. In addition, the threshold of academic qualifications and certificates that objectively enter the field of education also restricts these talents from entering higher vocational colleges to a great extent. Many vocational colleges are too utilitarian in evaluating talents, demanding too high academic qualifications and blindly worshiping professional titles. These hidden industry standards obviously require a lot of talents who can really engage in higher vocational education. After comparison, most of the outstanding talents in the factory will choose to stay in the factory, thus causing the embarrassing situation of lack of talents in higher vocational education.
Third, the development direction of higher vocational education Generally speaking, "combination of work and study" is the inevitable trend of higher vocational education development, and improving teaching quality is the fundamental driving force for the development of higher vocational education in China.
1. Change ideas and accurately locate higher vocational education.
In short, higher vocational education is to cultivate advanced technical talents with cultural knowledge. The complexity of higher vocational education is determined by the complexity of technology, linearity, high quality and professionalism. In order to realize the accurate orientation of training objectives, higher vocational colleges must overcome impetuous and competitive psychology, and can't think too much about "advanced nature" and ignore "professionalism". At the same time, "technicality" and "linearity" cannot be ignored.
The way for a higher vocational student to survive lies in the combination of knowledge and technology. "Linearity" actually refers to practical knowledge. To a great extent, "technicality" is equivalent to "book technology" learned through textbook knowledge, so how to achieve a high degree of integration and unification of theory and knowledge in a reasonable way becomes very important. This requires us to change the wrong idea that "higher vocational education" is only a "spare tire" for the college entrance examination and fully understand the importance and complexity of higher vocational education. We should not be too lax about higher vocational education, but treat every higher vocational student with a serious attitude. It should be noted that in today's severe shortage of senior technical talents, higher vocational students are bound to be an important force and pillar to promote social development and progress.
2. Establish a multi-channel funding guarantee mechanism.
From the perspective of the government, the government's emphasis on higher vocational education is directly related to the healthy development of higher vocational education. Nowadays, the development of China has reached the stage where higher vocational and technical talents are urgently needed. In this era of attaching importance to talents, innovation and technology, higher vocational education should not be buried in the corner, but should give full play to its important role in conveying talents for the society and the country. Therefore, on the one hand, the government should strengthen the investment in higher vocational education funds. On the other hand, the government should adjust the allocation structure of funds for general higher education and higher vocational education to provide a reasonable and fair policy environment and funding guarantee for higher vocational education. From its own point of view, "it is better to rely on yourself to eat by the sky." Whether higher vocational education can "take off" depends on the school itself. The school is short of funds, so we should give full play to our own enthusiasm, raise funds from various angles, and form a multi-channel investment mechanism for running schools. Through the efforts of enterprises, society and other aspects. Strive to raise funds and build excellent training centers and experience centers. Through school-enterprise cooperation, we can serve the cultivation of talents and realize the combination of Industry-University-Research, so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating talents.
3. Strive to improve the teaching quality by establishing a high-quality "double-qualified" team.
The quality of teachers is directly related to the success or failure of teaching activities. Therefore, building a team of double-qualified teachers with good theoretical and practical knowledge is an important factor in developing higher vocational education. The particularity of talent training in higher vocational education determines the particularity of higher vocational teachers. Teachers and engineers, two seemingly different occupations, have been fully displayed and brought into play in a higher vocational teacher. How to make higher vocational teachers master advanced new technologies, new knowledge and new methods in time? This needs to be achieved through the combination of production and learning and school-enterprise cooperation. It is necessary to implement the "going out" strategy of teachers, go deep into the enterprise industry, seek truth in practice, and realize the organic combination of theory and practice through temporary employment. At the same time, it is necessary to standardize the evaluation criteria of teachers' professional titles and ensure the construction and development of "double-qualified" teachers from the system.
4. Employment-oriented, pay attention to the combination of work and study, strengthen school-enterprise cooperation, and implement the "order-based" talent training model.
Higher vocational colleges should persist in serving the society, strengthen cooperation with enterprises and society, and strengthen "school-enterprise cooperation and school-society cooperation" to build a new situation of mutual benefit and win-win between schools and enterprises. Higher vocational colleges should strive to strengthen international cooperation, learn from the excellent experience and practices of higher vocational education in developed countries, establish long-term and stable cooperative relations with outstanding foreign higher vocational colleges and enterprises, and form a scientific and reasonable talent training model. By means of order training, through setting up "order classes" and compiling order textbooks, we can achieve deeper communication and cooperation with enterprises, and achieve a win-win situation for higher vocational graduates with jobs, factory satisfaction and school satisfaction.
We should adhere to the employment orientation, cultivate skilled talents, and improve the employability and adaptability of educated people to career changes. Reasonably arrange students' study time and content, regularly arrange higher vocational students to participate in social practice, get familiar with enterprises, master post functions and increase social experience. In addition, we should actively introduce excellent teaching methods, such as Singapore's "teaching factory" and Germany's "project teaching method" and "industry-oriented teaching method", and make profound changes in the curriculum and syllabus, so as to truly realize the goal of "order-based" talent training, "open" school-enterprise cooperation and "internationalization" teaching mode. As a teacher in tianjin sino-german vocational technical college, the author found in the teaching process that the open education mechanism of "school-enterprise cooperation and school-society cooperation" is a valuable experience and outstanding feature of the development of higher vocational education. At the same time, it makes full use of the advanced school-running concepts and advanced equipment of Germany and Spain, which greatly improves the core competitiveness and social service ability of the college.
To sum up, higher vocational education is an important way to enrich China's educational model and cultivate talents in a targeted manner. Judging from the overall situation of the development of higher vocational education in China, there is still a lot of room for the development of higher vocational education in China. It is necessary to break the ceiling of the system and expand the development space. The development of higher vocational education also depends on "breaking the ice" from the system. At the two sessions, higher vocational education was mentioned again, and a series of ideas about the development of higher vocational education were constantly put forward and discussed. As a teacher in tianjin sino-german vocational technical college, the author has also seen the breakthrough and progress of China's higher vocational education from the continuous development of vocational education in Sino-German vocational colleges in recent years, especially the "dual system" school-running mode, the "integration of theory and practice" teaching mode and the achievements made in school-enterprise cooperation, international cooperation, innovation and entrepreneurship, which has accumulated successful experience for the development of China's higher vocational education since 20 14.
Although the development of higher vocational education is still bumpy, we should see the broad prospects of higher vocational education and its important significance to enterprises, society and the country. We should choose to stick to it, make China's higher vocational education bigger and stronger, truly enhance the internal strength of the development of higher vocational education, and let higher vocational education "blossom and bear fruit" in China.