Wang Shouren (1472- 1529), a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, was called Mr. Yangming, so he was also called Wang Yangming. He was a famous philosopher and educator in the middle of Ming Dynasty. He lived in the period when the Ming Dynasty began to decline from stability, and Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism became more and more rigid and empty. He inherited and developed Lu Jiuyuan's philosophy and educational thought. Wang Shouren's thoughts on children's education played an important role in his educational ideology, which greatly promoted the transformation of children's educational concepts and methods at that time. Today, Wang Shouren's thoughts on children's education still inspire modern education, especially children's education.

First, the enlightenment of Wang Shouren's educational idea to modern education.

Wang Shouren's educational thought was put forward and put into practice at that time when the imperial examination was supreme and the school emphasized rote learning and neglected all-round development. This is also the essence of his educational thought. His educational thoughts mainly include the following aspects:

Pay attention to children's all-round development

In addition to attaching importance to traditional reading courses to develop children's intelligence, he also proposed setting up songs, poems, ceremonies and exams [1]. He emphasized that "seductive songs and poems" can help children learn knowledge from beautiful melodies, adjust their emotions and promote their aesthetic development to a certain extent. "Etiquette guidance and practice" can not only help children develop good etiquette habits and moral education, but also practice etiquette movements, exercise and keep fit. "Calder" is to check whether the child's words and deeds are polite and decent every morning. The development of these courses shows that education should not only pay attention to children's intellectual development, but also pay attention to the coordinated development of moral education, physical education and aesthetic education, so that children can develop in an all-round way. Caring for their healthy growth and promoting their all-round development is the unshirkable responsibility of families, schools and society.

(two) according to the characteristics of children to carry out education and teaching activities.

Modern psychology believes that children's intentional attention is unstable, easily distracted and diverted by external factors, able to concentrate for a short time and very interested in new things. It's boring for children to read and study blindly. Children are active at the same time, which is the characteristic and law of children's development. Therefore, the curriculum arrangement should be flexible, dynamic and static, and the teaching form and content should be constantly changed, so that manual labor and mental labor can be coordinated. As early as hundreds of years ago, Wang Shouren attached great importance to the development of teaching content according to children's characteristics, which is worthy of recognition and emulation in today's children's education.

Starting from his theory of "to conscience", Wang Shouren thinks that "pleasure and play" are the essence of the soul, and education must arouse children's interest, and start with positive aspects to adapt to and stimulate children's interest, so as to achieve the effect of "making them polite and painless, making them neutral and ignorant". [2] The competition in today's society is becoming more and more fierce, and parents are eager for the success of their children and their daughters. Children are not really interested in what they have learned. Often, the learning in these interest classes is mixed with parents' wishes and has certain blindness. Playing is a child's nature, and no one has the right to deprive children of the right to play. It is often more important to discover their interests in time, pay attention to cultivating their interest in learning and let them learn actively.

Pay attention to children's individual differences

People's personalities vary widely, and education should give appropriate guidance according to students' individual differences. "A saint teaches people, not only to constrain him to do everything, but also to make a madman accomplish him from madness and a coward accomplish him from sorrow. How can people get the same talent? " In terms of children's education, Wang Shouren attaches great importance to children's individual differences. He believes that teaching should vary from person to person and from person to person. [3] A good teacher should know how to observe and appreciate each child's personality characteristics, and adopt different methods for teaching according to the child's qualifications, talents, intellectual development level and other characteristics.

Every child's ability to understand and accept is different in all aspects. Some children may have a better understanding of art, and some children may accept mathematics faster. Therefore, according to their different understanding of a certain aspect, targeted teaching should be carried out. General education has individual education, so we should raise or lower the requirements according to their different abilities in order to better achieve the educational goals.

Second, the enlightenment of Wang Shouren's educational content to modern education.

It is mentioned in the book that "children are generally happy to play and are afraid of being caught", such as the beginning of budding vegetation. Its ease is being achieved and its frustration is fading. Teaching boys today will make them tend to be encouraged and happy, so they cannot enter themselves. [4] "He believes that it is their nature for children to like games, and they should be educated from their interests, not from. Destroying them will be counterproductive. Therefore, according to children's temperament and development characteristics, he proposed educational content suitable for children's development to cultivate children's thoughts and temperament.

(A) "Poetry"

He believes that "the seduced poet not only expresses his will, but also gives vent to jumping numbers and growls in chanting, announcing that he is trapped in syllables." Teaching by singing and reciting poems can not only stimulate their aspirations, but also eliminate their playfulness and give them an opportunity to vent their redundant energy. It can also eliminate children's inner worries, make children cheerful and lively, and express their emotions appropriately. "Wang Shouren's songs and poems are an educational activity with strict requirements." Every song and poem needs plastic surgery, with clear voice and melody. Don't be impatient and anxious, don't be arrogant and don't be afraid of it. Over time, its spirit will be smooth and peaceful. "Here, requirements are put forward from appearance to spirit. On the one hand, we should "examine its tone" and on the other hand, we should "be calm."

Music education plays a unique role in developing potential, cultivating creativity, perfecting personality and beautifying life. In The Analects of Confucius, this thought was sublimated into "taking poetry as inspiration, taking ceremony as foundation and taking joy as achievement", and the completion of "joy" became the final stage of education completion. At this time, the educated are cultivated and edified not only in inner cultivation and emotional image, but also in behavior cultivation and interpersonal communication.