History:
Literacy education in the 1950s
1950, the first national workers and peasants education conference.
1952 notice of the Ministry of education on carrying out the teaching experiment of "accelerated literacy method"
1952165438+10/5. In order to strengthen the leadership of literacy work, the Central People's Government Committee passed a resolution at its19th meeting, and established the Central Literacy Committee, with Chu Tunan as its director.
Decision on Eliminating Illiteracy issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on March 29th 1956.
Literacy education is an urgent and important political task. The special political status of literacy education makes it highly valued by the whole party and the whole country.
(1988 On February 5th, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Eliminating Illiteracy) Guofa [1988] No.8.
Article 1 In order to improve the cultural quality of the Chinese nation and promote the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC).
Article 2 illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens over the age of 15, regardless of gender, nationality or race, have the right and obligation to receive literacy education, except those who lose their learning ability.
Identification of loss of learning ability shall be organized and implemented by the education administrative department of the people's government at the county level.
Article 3 Local people's governments at all levels shall strengthen their leadership in the work of eliminating illiteracy, formulate plans and measures in their own regions, organize relevant parties to divide their work and cooperate with each other, and implement them in detail, so as to complete the task of eliminating illiteracy according to the requirements of the plan. Local education administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the specific management of the work of eliminating illiteracy.
Under the leadership of the local people's government, the administrative leadership of the unit is responsible for eliminating illiteracy at the grassroots level in urban and rural areas.
Villagers' committees and residents' committees shall actively assist in organizing the work of eliminating illiteracy.
Article 4 The eradication of illiteracy and the popularization of compulsory primary education shall be planned as a whole and implemented simultaneously. In places where compulsory primary education is basically popularized and literacy has not been completed, the goal of basically eliminating illiteracy should be achieved within five years.
Article 5 Literacy education should pay attention to practical results, combine learning culture with learning scientific and technological knowledge, and combine learning culture with learning agricultural scientific and technological knowledge in rural areas.
The forms of literacy education should be flexible and diverse according to local conditions.
Textbooks for literacy education shall be examined and approved by the education administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 6 Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country, shall be used in the teaching of illiteracy eradication. In ethnic minority areas, teaching can be carried out in the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities, or in the spoken and written languages commonly used by local nationalities.
Article 7 The standards for personal literacy are: farmers know 1500 Chinese characters, and employees of enterprises and institutions and urban residents know 2000 Chinese characters; Can read simple and popular newspaper articles, keep simple accounts and write simple and practical articles.
Where literacy is carried out in the local national language, the literacy standards shall be formulated by the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
The basic standards for units to eliminate illiteracy are: the non-illiterate population over 0/5 years old born after each directly affiliated unit 1949 10/day 1 day, except those who have lost their learning ability, the rural population reaches over 95% and the urban population reaches over 98%; The rate of complex blindness is less than 5%.
Units that basically eliminate illiteracy should popularize compulsory primary education.
Eighth to eliminate illiteracy and implement the acceptance system. Students who eliminate illiteracy shall be assessed by the local township (town) people's government, urban neighborhood offices or enterprises and institutions at the same level. Those who meet the literacy standards shall be issued with a Literacy Certificate.
Cities and counties (districts) that basically eliminate illiteracy shall be accepted by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; The streets of townships (towns) and cities are accepted by the people's government at the next higher level; Enterprises and institutions shall accept the acceptance of the local people's government. To meet the standards, issued the "basic literacy unit certificate".
Article 9 Local people's governments at all levels shall formulate measures to urge units that basically eliminate illiteracy to make plans and continue to eliminate residual illiteracy. In rural areas, we should actively run township (town) and village cultural and technical schools, and adopt various forms such as combining agriculture with education to consolidate literacy achievements.
Tenth teachers to eliminate illiteracy shall be employed by townships (towns), streets, villages, enterprises and institutions, and shall be paid corresponding wages.
Local ordinary schools, cultural centers (stations) and other relevant parties should actively undertake the teaching work of eliminating illiteracy.
Encourage all people in society who have the ability to eliminate illiteracy to participate in teaching activities to eliminate illiteracy.
Eleventh local people's governments at all levels should enrich the full-time personnel of adult education in counties and townships (towns) and strengthen the management of illiteracy eradication in rural areas.
Twelfth literacy education funds should be solved through multiple channels. Local people's governments at various levels shall give necessary subsidies except in the following circumstances:
(a) by the township (town) people's government, neighborhood offices to organize villagers' committees or relevant units;
(two) enterprises and institutions to eliminate illiteracy funds included in the staff education funds;
(three) the additional education fees levied in rural areas should be used for rural literacy education.
Education administrative departments at all levels should train full-time staff and teachers, compile teaching materials and reading materials, carry out teaching and research activities, exchange experiences and reward advanced people in the work of eliminating illiteracy. , charged in the education funds.
Encourage social forces and individuals to voluntarily fund literacy education.
Thirteenth illiteracy eradication work to implement the administrative leadership responsibility system. The task of literacy should be listed as the responsibility of the administrative heads of counties, townships (towns), urban streets, enterprises and institutions, as an important part of the assessment of work performance.
Units that fail to complete literacy tasks as planned shall be dealt with by local people's governments at all levels.
Local people's governments at various levels shall regularly report to the people's government at the next higher level on the work of eliminating illiteracy and accept inspection and supervision.
Article 14 The State Education Commission regularly awards "Literacy Awards" to units or individuals that have made outstanding contributions in the work of eliminating illiteracy. Local people's governments at all levels shall also commend and reward units or individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the work of eliminating illiteracy.
The local people's government should criticize and educate the school-age illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens who have the learning conditions within the prescribed time limit and do not participate in the study of eliminating illiteracy, and take practical and effective measures to organize admission to make them reach the literacy standard.
Article 15 The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with these Regulations and in light of local actual conditions, formulate implementation measures.
Article 16 The State Education Commission shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 17 These Regulations shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.
1 August 19931day, the State Council decided to make the following amendments to the regulations on eliminating illiteracy:
1. Article 2 is amended as: "All illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens over the age of 15, regardless of gender, nationality or race, have the right and obligation to receive literacy education, except those who lose their learning ability."
One paragraph is added to Article 2 as the second paragraph: "The appraisal of learning disability shall be organized and implemented by the education administrative department of the people's government at the county level."
2. The first paragraph of Article 5 is amended as: "Literacy education should be pragmatic, combining learning culture with learning scientific and technological knowledge, and combining learning culture with learning agricultural scientific and technological knowledge in rural areas."
3. The third paragraph of Article 7 is amended as: "The standard for units that basically eliminate illiteracy is: among the population over 5 years old born after each directly affiliated unit 1949 10/day 1 day, except for those who have lost their learning ability, the number of illiterate people reaches over 95% in rural areas and 98% in cities. The rate of complex blindness is less than 5%. "
One paragraph is added to Article 7 as the fourth paragraph: "Units that basically eliminate illiteracy shall popularize compulsory primary education."
Four. Article 9 is amended as: "Local people's governments at all levels shall formulate measures to urge units that basically eliminate illiteracy to make plans and continue to eliminate residual illiteracy. In rural areas, it is necessary to actively run township (town) village cultural and technical schools and adopt various forms such as the combination of agriculture, science and education to consolidate literacy achievements. "
5. One paragraph is added to Article 14 as the second paragraph: "The local people's government shall criticize and educate the school-age illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens who have the learning conditions within the prescribed time limit and do not participate in the study of eliminating illiteracy, and take practical and effective measures to organize their enrollment so as to make them reach the literacy standard."
This decision shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.
The Regulations on Eliminating Illiteracy shall be revised and re-released according to this decision.