What is the most urgent education in China? It is vocational education; What kind of education should China vigorously develop? It is vocational education; What is the most difficult education in China at present? Or vocational education.
This is a true story. An enterprise in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province hired two engineers and senior technicians from Shanghai with an annual salary of 800,000, designed and produced 1 sample of power tools, and brought them to the Canton Fair. At first glance, this sample is very close to similar products in Germany in terms of technology and performance, but the price is only half that of Germany. The foreign businessmen were very happy and immediately signed an order for 65438+ 10,000 units. However, when the first batch of 20,000 units were delivered, none of the products were qualified. As a result, the enterprise can only bear the liability for breach of contract, losing more than 5 million yuan. The reason is clear: 1 sample is produced by high-paid engineers and senior technicians, and 20,000 samples are produced by ordinary workers and migrant workers without formal training.
Vocational education should be a career-oriented type of education.
The Ministry of Education has clearly pointed out: "Vocational education should take service as its purpose, take employment as its orientation, determine the orientation of the school in regional economic and industrial development, and cultivate technical and skilled talents with strong practical ability, good professional ethics and front-line production, management and service. It can be seen that the starting point of the employment-oriented policy is to optimize the allocation of resources, highlight the school-running characteristics of vocational education, and better play the role of vocational education in serving the social economy. At this stage, it is of practical significance to alleviate the employment pressure, adjust the structural unemployment of the labor force, improve the employability of students and shorten the gap between graduates and the professional world. As a response measure under realistic conditions, employment orientation is of positive significance to highlight the employment function of vocational education, but as a policy orientation for the long-term development of vocational education, it may have a negative impact on the healthy development of vocational education.
The basic logical thinking of employment orientation can be summarized as follows: the employment problem has become a major issue in China's current social development, and vocational education is an educational field with the closest relationship with the economy, which directly trains high-quality workers for the economic circles, so vocational education should be employment-oriented. The basic premise of this logical thinking is to emphasize the function of vocational education from the perspective of economics. Under the guidance of employment orientation, many colleges and universities regard students' employability as the training goal of vocational education, emphasizing the cultivation of students' professional knowledge and skills needed to be competent for a certain job, the competition and cooperation skills needed to complete a certain job task, and the job-seeking skills needed to apply for a job. Paying attention to students' initial employment is not conducive to the development of students' career. Vocational education is not a utilitarian education to teach people a skill and get a job, but an education to cultivate students' professional ability and pay attention to their professional development. Only paying attention to students' employability will lead vocational education to narrow educational goals and simplify educational behavior, which is not conducive to the formation of students' vocational ability. Vocational education has multiple functions such as politics, economy and culture, but its core function is educating people. Vocational education is not only related to the employability of the educated, but also related to the development of the whole career of the educated.
Career-oriented vocational education needs the combination of humanistic education and skill education.
Vocational education is the vocational preparation education for students to engage in a certain occupation. Its goal is to form students' professional ability and promote students' professionalism, and employability is only a part of it. Vocational ability is not a simple addition of professional knowledge and skills, but a combination of professional knowledge and skills through their practical application, migration and classification, as well as related general abilities. It consists of three aspects: professional ability, method ability and social ability. Professional ability refers to students' professional practical ability formed on the basis of mastering professional knowledge and skills, that is, the ability to solve practical problems and complete professional tasks by using professional knowledge and skills, which is the most basic embodiment of professional ability and is very important for engaging in a certain occupation. Method ability refers to the ability to continuously acquire new information, learn and update knowledge and technology with the development of science and technology. At present, due to the accelerated innovation and decline of knowledge and technology, the use time of skills has been greatly shortened, and learning to learn has become a necessary condition for the survival and development of workers, so method ability has become the core component of vocational ability. Social ability refers to the ability of communication and coordination, competition and cooperation, team spirit, sense of responsibility and anti-frustration that a person should have in his work, study and social life. The rapid development of science and technology has triggered constant changes in labor organization, labor form and production mode, and social ability will occupy an increasingly important position in career and social life. To truly enable students to have these three abilities in the three-year study process, it is necessary to combine humanities education with skills education.