Model essay 1: Design (thesis) Topic: Research on the components and countermeasures of the core competitiveness of college students majoring in physical education.
The basis of this question:
1) expounds the theoretical and practical significance of this topic.
2) Summarize the research trends and viewpoints on this topic at home and abroad.
First of all, the theoretical and practical significance of this study.
1. Theoretical significance of this study
With the first large-scale enrollment expansion of 1999, the employment of college graduates and the exposure of market demand, the employment of college students has become a widespread concern in society. At present, China has entered the era of popularization and internationalization of higher education, and college graduates are precious human resources urgently needed in China. Every year, tens of thousands of physical education graduates flock to the society to apply for jobs. According to the report, influenced by the traditional education system and training mode, the physical education majors in colleges and universities in China are slow to respond to the changes in the demand for all kinds of sports talents under the market economy, and the students they train lack the competitive advantage of brands, thus being in a very unfavorable position in social competition. Therefore, if students majoring in physical education want to gain a foothold in the competition and gain a competitive advantage, they must strengthen their competitive strength, especially cultivate and enhance their core competitiveness, and build a low-cost and high-quality competitive advantage centered on the core competitiveness of the school.
This topic comprehensively applies system theory, central place theory, sustainable development theory and market economics to strengthen and deepen the theoretical research on the development of physical education major, and provide theoretical guidance for the better employment of physical education major students in colleges and universities.
2. The practical significance of this research.
Many colleges and universities have long attached importance to the core competitiveness of college students' employment, and made efforts to improve the core competitiveness of college students' employment through various channels, which has achieved remarkable results and accumulated rich experience. Our school (hunan city university), as a newly upgraded institution, is relatively backward in this respect. In addition to the shortage of software and hardware investment and teachers, no concrete measures have been taken to cultivate and improve the core competitiveness of college students' employment in China. Therefore, the employment situation of our physical education major is not optimistic. Our graduates majoring in physical education are slightly insufficient in knowledge, theoretical reserves and practical ability, and the number of people who continue to improve (such as postgraduate entrance examination) is relatively small. The comprehensive quality of students needs to be improved, and the employment pressure is great.
This paper puts forward the concept of core competitiveness from the perspective of how the graduates majoring in physical education can be in an invincible position in the fierce talent competition, summarizes and analyzes the background and characteristics of improving the core competitiveness of physical education and the present situation of the core competitiveness of physical education in our school, probes into the composition and countermeasures of the core competitiveness of physical education students in our school, and puts forward several ways to improve the core competitiveness of the profession from the aspects of employment and students themselves. Under the guidance of relevant theories, according to the actual situation of physical education graduates in contemporary colleges and universities, a reasonable, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the employment competitiveness of physical education graduates can help college students clarify their own direction of efforts and promote their all-round development. It provides reference for the employment practice of college physical education graduates.
Second, the research trends at home and abroad and their own opinions
1. Research status abroad
Core competence is also called core competence or core expertise. This theory comes from enterprise management, and the representative figures are C.K.C.K. C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel. The paper "Cooperate with competitors-then win" published in Harvard Business Review 1989 puts forward that core competitiveness is a long-term decisive factor in creating and expanding a company. 1990 Harvard business review published the article "the core competitiveness of a company", which is defined as the knowledge accumulated in an organization, especially the knowledge about how to coordinate various production skills and integrate various technologies. Jebani summed up the characteristics of core competitiveness in 199 1, and pointed out that core competitiveness is precious, heterogeneous, unrepeatable and irreplaceable, thus determining four standards of core competitiveness: preciousness, rarity, difficulty in imitation and irreplaceability.
Go abroad directly? The core competitiveness of universities? There are few research results in this field. However, some documents about higher education are permeated with the idea of core competitiveness, which are mainly analyzed from four angles: resource view, cultural view, professional dynamic ability and sustainable development. However, there is no consistent conclusion about the composition of employment core competitiveness. The American Association for Training and Development (ASTD, 1990) divides the required competency into five categories 16 skills, namely basic competency, communication ability, adaptability, group effect and influence ability. The research team led by Professor M.L.Goldschmidt, director of the Higher Education Center of Swiss Federal University of Technology, conducted a large-scale investigation and study on the career success of college graduates, and concluded and summarized five factors that enable college students to successfully find jobs and achieve career success, namely: employment motivation and good personal qualities; Interpersonal skills; Master rich scientific knowledge; Effective working methods; A keen and broad vision. It can be seen that there are some studies on the core competitiveness of employment in colleges and universities abroad, which has certain reference significance for the development of the core competitiveness of employment in college sports majors.
2. Domestic research status
Domestic predecessors' research on the core competitiveness of universities is mainly divided into four aspects:
The first point of view, the theory of ability integration? . The main representatives are Lai Desheng and Wu of Beijing Normal University. They started from the standard definition of core competitiveness and wrote in On the Core Competitiveness of College Students? The core competitiveness of a university is its ability to gain a sustainable competitive advantage by integrating strategic decision-making, scientific research, industrialization of achievements, curriculum setting and teaching, human resource development, organization and management. , or by the sudden appearance of one of its elements? . In the book "Meaning and Conceptual Modeling of University Core Competitiveness", Meng believes that university core competitiveness is a unique ability system that universities have formed for a long time and integrated into university quality to support their competitive advantages and enable universities to achieve sustainable survival and development in competition. She emphasized the uniqueness and accumulation of the core competitiveness of universities.
? Ability integration theory? Considering the internal and external environment of the university, the core competitiveness is summed up as comprehensive ability, several of which are the pillars of the university's core competitiveness, and the strength of the competitiveness is reflected through the competition results.
Second point of view? Theory of constituent elements? . Researchers who hold this view generally set out from the reality of running a school in China and put forward a factor model of the core competitiveness of colleges and universities. Wang Jihua and Wen Shengli think in On the Core Competitiveness of Universities? The core competitiveness of universities? What should we refer to by abandoning its original meaning? What are the key factors that play a key role in university competition to promote the success of universities? . The core competitiveness of China University should be defined from the course of running a university and the actual national conditions, and pay attention to the following core elements: teachers, management and university presidents. Li Jingbo believes that there are five factors that form the core competitiveness of colleges and universities: people are the foundation, technology is the key, scientific management system can give full play to the overall advantages, perfect information system is an important guarantee for the formation of core competitiveness, and innovation is the driving force for maintaining long-term competitive advantages. Similarly, Luo Hong believes that the core competitiveness of a school consists of three elements: technology (educational ability, management ability and scientific research ability) is the key, culture is the foundation and system is the guarantee. Hu Jianhua proposed in "Analysis of the Essence of Research University-Learning Productivity" that the social function of a university is to cultivate talents, develop science and serve the society, and the social function of a research university is based on the production capacity of talents and knowledge. The production capacity of talents is mainly manifested in the specifications, quantity and quality of the talents produced; The productive capacity of learning refers to the quantity and quality of scientific theories, laws, concepts, inventions and material discoveries. Knowledge production capacity is the essential feature of research universities. Zhang Xiaoqi, secretary and president of Zhuzhou Institute of Technology, thinks in the article "Running a school facing the market is the primary task of university presidents under the new situation" that what is the core competitiveness of ordinary undergraduate colleges? Teaching quality? The soul of its development is innovation, forming its own packaging discipline group and professional group. Ying Zhiguo proposed in On the Construction of Specialty Groups and the Characteristics of Higher Vocational Education that the construction of specialty groups (specialty system and training system) is the core competitiveness of vocational and technical colleges. Professional group refers to a professional group composed of one or several similar related majors and their professional direction. You can form your own advantages through the construction of professional groups. (? People without me, people with me, people are superior? )。 Ma Shibin discussed the core elements of university competitiveness from the structural analysis of university competitiveness. He believes that there are seven levels of competitiveness factors in colleges and universities: school funding; Fame and reputation; Scientific research achievements and graduates; Direction and ability of running a school; Human factors; Internal management system and human resource management operation mechanism; The quality of the main person in charge in colleges and universities. Under the established external management system, human factors are the core of the competitiveness of colleges and universities. The quantity, quality, structure, allocation, enthusiasm, cooperation and competition of people affect the formation of core competitiveness, and the core force in core competitiveness is teachers.
? Essentialism? Starting from the university, we can form our own unique core competitiveness by taking one or several key elements as the opportunity for the development of core competitiveness.
A third point of view? Resource theory? . What does Xia Shiwu think is the core competitiveness of universities in The Connotation and Formation Characteristics of University Core Competitiveness? Superior resources? ,, is the main body of the effective operation of university resources, its performance is? Deeply rooted in the various resources of the competition subject, with its own unique core competence as the support point, the overall ability formed by operating its own resources in fulfilling the three functions of teaching, scientific research and social service? . Jin Yong believes that the core competitiveness of colleges and universities is to maximize economic and social benefits by using existing resources. Economic benefit refers to striving for as much school-running funds as possible through various channels, investing in reasonable disciplines, striving to reduce training costs and improve the efficiency of school-running funds; At the same time, colleges and universities should pay more attention to social benefits, including the quantity and quality of talents and scientific research achievements contributed by schools to society. Xu Tao and Gong Bo put forward in Interpretation of the Core Competitiveness of Universities that the core competitiveness of universities is related to the quantity and allocation of resources, which are highly scarce. It mainly includes market resources, knowledge resources, human resources and spiritual resources.
? Resource theory? The essence of competition in colleges and universities is the ability to compete for scarce resources. Whoever owns scarce resources will have core competitiveness.
The fourth point? Knowledge theory. Represented by Wei Liu? Knowledge view? What is the core competitiveness of colleges and universities in Knowledge Management and Core Competitiveness of Colleges and Universities? Is it a knowledge system that identifies and provides advantages? , it? Relying on the infrastructure of colleges and universities and taking the spirit of colleges and universities as the common vision? , in? What are the competitive factors such as school-running concept, organization and management, academic echelon, campus culture and external resources? Under the formation of? It is a combination of a series of complementary knowledge and skills in colleges and universities, which has the ability to make colleges and universities reach the first-class level in China and even in the world? . At the same time, knowledge management is an effective way to improve the core competitiveness of universities. Specifically, by innovating values and management concepts, optimizing campus knowledge sharing system, improving incentive mechanism, strengthening intellectual property rights, activating knowledge value and other effective measures to strengthen effective control of information and effective management of knowledge, these measures can effectively enhance the core competitiveness of colleges and universities. Starting with the knowledge characteristics of universities, Xu believes that knowledge is not only the unique resources of universities, but also the root of their competitive advantages. Not only because its internal knowledge, especially tacit knowledge, is difficult to be imitated by opponents, but also because the knowledge structure formed by the current knowledge stock determines that each university has different opportunities to discover the future and different innovation abilities, and it is this existing knowledge that determines the different utility degrees of various university resources. In a word, only knowledge is the source of competitive advantage and the essential feature and foundation of the core competitiveness of colleges and universities.
? Knowledge-based theory holds that learning is the core of core competitiveness, and the foundation of core competitiveness is knowledge.
Sports Opening Report Fan Wen II: Design (thesis) Title: Investigation and study on the present situation of the use and management of primary and secondary school stadiums in XX District.
Summarize the research trends, the purpose and significance of this topic.
At present, the research at home and abroad mainly focuses on the design of stadiums, the present situation of open utilization, management countermeasures, utilization rate and opening rate, problems existing in development and opening up, and so on, and has achieved good results. For example, Zheng He-Li of Beijing Sport University wrote "Research on the Pricing of Opening Activities of Public Sports Venues in China", which mainly studied the significance and influencing factors of the opening of sports venues; Yao Huizhou, Li Jian of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, wrote The Utilization Rate and Opening Rate of Sports Venues, which mainly studied the statistics and evaluation of the utilization rate of sports venues, and wrote works related to the topic.
As the second largest city in Chongqing, Wanzhou District is located in the west. The current situation of the use and management of sports facilities in primary and secondary schools is worth studying, so this topic is chosen as the subject, aiming at investigating and analyzing the existing problems in the use and management of sports facilities in primary and secondary schools in Wanzhou District of Chongqing, and putting forward targeted improvement countermeasures and suggestions.
The resources of stadiums and gymnasiums are an important material guarantee for the development of sports, and their development and utilization has become a key factor in implementing the national fitness plan. Whether stadiums and gymnasiums are open to the society and used for mass activities is the most important sign to evaluate whether stadiums and gymnasiums play a main role. At present, there is a shortage and waste of venue resources in China. When the shortage problem cannot be solved quickly, it is more important to avoid waste and improve the utilization rate. The resources of stadiums and gymnasiums are an important part of the sports industry and an important material guarantee for the development of sports. As the basic force of sports industry and the fresh force of sports facilities resources, it is of great significance whether the sharing of educational resources can adapt to the deepening reform in the new social environment.
The basic contents of the study and the main problems to be solved.
Research content:
1, the significance of effective utilization and scientific management of school sports venues.
2. Investigate the use and management of primary and secondary school sports venues in Wanzhou District to understand the current situation.
3. On the basis of finding out the present situation, analyze the existing problems and deficiencies.
4. In view of the existing problems and deficiencies, put forward countermeasures and suggestions for further improvement.
Main problems to be solved:
How to improve the utilization rate of the site?