1 and training
If you train well, you will never be a strong beam in the future. Choose cream beam, who wants to live in Yanhua Lane! -"Good Song Note" Qing: Cao Xueqin
Explanation:
Although you have taught your son well, there is no guarantee that he will not be a bandit in the future; Who would have thought that a son-in-law would wander around the ballroom for his daughter?
2. wind
Only those who choose to study and do good things will be more diligent, and the rest are wind. -Qingbo Magazine. Hui Zhou in the Northern Song Dynasty, Volume XI
Explanation:
People who like to learn from him are more respected and strict, so as to teach others.
Step 3 give up
But the public warned you, but you fell asleep instead of listening to me. Why? -"Chen Wannian's godson" Han Dynasty: written by Ban Gu
Explanation:
I taught you as a father, but you dozed off and didn't listen to me. What is the reason?
4. Teaching
Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess. One of them is absorbed, but Qiu Yi listens. -"Learning Chess" Pre-Qin: Anonymous
Explanation:
Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess. One of them concentrates on his study and only listens to Qiu Yi.
5. Education
My father gave birth to me and my mother bowed to me. Caress me, feed me, nurture me, nurture me, take care of me, go in and out of my stomach. -"Ge E" Pre-Qin: Anonymous
Explanation:
Dad, you gave birth to me. Mom, you raised me. You protect me, love me, support my growth, nurture me, think that I don't want to leave me, go out and hug me.
2. How do you say these words in classical Chinese? I said that current affairs should be in the provincial officials. The husband and the official took food and clothing from the people, and once the gentry stood in the court, ten thousand people spared no effort. And especially in governing the people. Who can teach people to govern? So, instead of building hundreds of officials, why not build four people? I ask you to promote learning at the expense of provincial officials, so that people know that propriety, righteousness and morality are the foundation, then the world will be settled and the country will be safe. People who are also gentry should also go private, be sincere, be fair and impartial, and put the people of the whole country first.
The original text is a bit verbose, and some adjustments have been made in translation. Moreover, there are actually two things to talk about: promoting learning by provincial officials and curbing party struggles. These two things are actually mixed. It is also naive to think that education alone can make people keep morality, that people don't need official governance to keep morality, or that officials will listen to the emperor's advice and abandon private opinions. It is out of the question. In fact, people who talk about morality will also have contradictions, and people with the same purpose will also have differences in methods and means (the New Party, the Shu Party and the Luo Party in the Song Dynasty can actually be said to be for the country and the people, but their methods and specific opinions are different).
3. A famous saying about education in ancient China is 1, which should be used for reference. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.
It means that if a gentleman wants to educate people and create good customs, he must start with education. It is expressed that the greatest responsibility of education is not to pass on knowledge, but to change customs and traditions. Reflect the social standard theory.
2, the king of ancient times, the founding of the country and the people, teaching first. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.
Ancient kings founded the country and governed the people, all of which put education first. It embodies the educational view of social standard theory.
3, Tao and Fu pull, strong and Fu suppress, open and. -from the Book of Rites. Xue Ji compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.
It means guiding students, not leading them; Encourage students, not suppress them; Inspire students, not draw conclusions for them. Reflect the inspiring teaching principle.
4. Learn from time to time-The Analects of Confucius and his disciples.
It is not bad to learn from time to time.
Confucius said, "Isn't it a pleasant thing to learn the truth of treating people and practice it in time?" "
5. Review the past and learn the new-The Analects of Confucius and its political disciples
The original text is: Confucius said: review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher.
It means: Confucius said: "Review old knowledge (referring to what you have learned) and gain new knowledge (referring to what you have not learned). Such a person can be a teacher. " Reflect the principle of consolidating teaching.
4. Learning: How to say "learning", "teacher" and "learning" in classical Chinese can all mean "learning" respectively.
In classical Chinese, one word can express one meaning.
1, "learning":
Words for learning: work-study program.
2. "Division":
Learn from foreigners. It means learning the leadership skills of barbarians.
3. "learning":
Words expressing learning: writing.
Extended data
Learning refers to the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through reading, listening, thinking, research and practice. Learning is divided into narrow sense and broad sense:
Narrow sense: The process of acquiring knowledge or skills through reading, attending lectures, researching, observing, understanding, exploring, experimenting and practicing is the behavior that enables individuals to acquire continuous changes (the improvement and sublimation of knowledge and skills, methods and processes, emotions and values). Such as the process of acquiring knowledge through school education.
Broadly speaking, it is a relatively lasting behavior or behavior potential that is generated by gaining experience in the process of life.
5. How to improve the Chinese teaching reform of classical Chinese translation For more than ten years, classical Chinese teaching has remained in the mode of teacher crosstalk. The teacher is worried that the students don't understand, so he "speaks word for word and translates sentence by sentence", covering everything; Students keep taking notes for fear of missing a word, have no time to think and listen passively, and the teaching quality will never improve. How can we improve the teaching efficiency of classical Chinese?
Some people sum up the translation skills of classical Chinese into six words, namely: correct, correct, stay, delete, supplement and tune.
1. "Yes" means translation. There are many monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, so we should translate monosyllabic words into modern Chinese disyllabic words with this word as morpheme.
2. "Change" means replacement. In a case, when some monosyllabic words in classical Chinese can't be translated into disyllabic words with this word as morpheme, it is necessary to use an exact word instead for translation. For example, the word "thin" in "Dusk Roars and Apes Cry" (Yueyang Tower) is translated as "approaching"; The word "Ming" in "Seeing the sun and seeing through autumn" ("Interesting Childhood") is translated as "eyesight". Another situation is to change the interchangeable words into local words. In classical Chinese, it is sometimes necessary to replace another word with a homonym or a word with similar pronunciation, which is called "Tong Jia". Vacation means general use and borrowing. When translating, you should change the word cost first, and then explain it.
3. "Stay" means to keep, that is to say, some classical Chinese words need not be translated. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, such as "mountain, water, cattle and sheep", names, places, dynasties, years, officials, titles, utensils, units of measurement, etc. , can be retained in the translation.
4. "Delete" means to delete without translation, which means that some function words in classical Chinese only play a grammatical role in sentences and have no practical significance, so they can be deleted without translation. For example, the word "Fu" in "Debate on Fu, Courage Also" (Debate on Cao Gui) is the first phrase, which only plays a role in arousing discussion.
5. "Supplement" means supplement. In classical Chinese, numerals are often placed directly in front of verbs or nouns without quantifiers. When translated into modern Chinese, quantifiers should be added. For example, "one table, one chair, one fan and one foot" (Stomatology) should be translated as "one table, one chair and one fan and one foot". Another situation refers to the omission of sentence elements in classical Chinese, which should be supplemented in translation. (1) Save the theme. For example, there is a saying in the Peach Blossom Garden: "Pick it up. You have to go home and put wine and kill chickens for dinner. " Omit the subject "fisherman" before "answer" and "village people" before "going home soon", which should be added in translation. (2) Omitting prepositions or prepositional objects. For example, "put it under the mountain" (the donkey of money) means "put it under the mountain", so we can see that the original sentence omits "Yu" (it should be "put it under the mountain") and translates "Yu" into "Tao". Another example is "Loyalty belongs to World War I" (Cao Gui debate). The object "Zhi" of the preposition "Yi" is omitted in the sentence, which can be translated as "Zhe" and "Zhe", meaning "The prison, big or small, must be affectionate, although it cannot be observed". (3) Omit the object of the verb. For example, in the above sentence "I will return to China soon", the verb "want" and "invite" are the same, and then the object "fisherman" is omitted. (4) Omit the verb predicate. For example, "Climbing Mount Tai" omits "heterochromatic sky clouds", which means "heterochromatic sky clouds" and can be translated as "presentation". In short, these omitted elements must be enriched and integrated in translation.
6. "Adjustment" means adjustment. The word order and word order of classical Chinese and modern Chinese are different. When translating, we should adjust the word order of the original text to make it conform to the grammatical habits of modern Chinese. There are several situations that need to be adjusted: ① attributive post-sentence. (2) Adverbial post-sentence and predicate pre-sentence. 4 prepositional object sentence. To do a good job in the translation of classical Chinese, we must also master some vocabulary knowledge such as flexible use of ancient and modern meanings, passive usage, common function words and grammar knowledge of ancient Chinese. In addition, it is necessary to understand the writing background and intention of the article and grasp the center of the article, so that translation can be handy. For junior high school students, these are very difficult. Teachers should step by step in teaching, from the shallow to the deep, grasp the depth of teaching, and can not be separated from the junior high school syllabus.
To sum up, a large number of ancient records in China are precious wealth left by ancestors to future generations, and it is thanks to the written language of classical Chinese that it has been able to transcend the limitations of time and space and spread to this day. Therefore, we should attach importance to the teaching and learning of classical Chinese, help students lay a preliminary foundation, and thus master a key to open the treasure house of ancient culture to serve today's construction.