1.a [analysis] Herbart is a representative figure of the traditional education school. He put forward "three centers", namely, teacher center, teaching material center and classroom center.
2.c [Analysis] The discovery learning theory was put forward by Bruner, the teaching process theory was put forward by babanski, and the example teaching theory was put forward by Wa Genschein. So, the answer is C.
3.a [Analysis] The individual-oriented theory holds that the basis for establishing the purpose of education is human nature, and the purpose of education is to cultivate sound people, develop human nature, tap human potential, and enhance the personal value of the educated. Personal value is higher than social value, rather than serving a social group or stratum. Rousseau believes that "children's nature" determines the purpose of education, which is the embodiment of the individual-centered view of educational purpose.
4.d [analysis] The relative independence of education is mainly manifested in the historical inheritance of education itself, the imbalance between education and social development, and the parallelism between education and other forms of social consciousness. The topic describes the performance of the relative independence of education.
5.c [analysis] Human development is not only reflected in the accumulation in the mind, but also in a qualitative leap. When some elements representing the new quality accumulate to a certain extent, there will be a qualitative leap, that is, it will be characterized by stages of development.
6.c [analysis] The dual-track system in Western Europe is represented by the dual-track system in Britain, and the education systems of European countries such as France and the Federal Republic of Germany belong to this education system. This academic system is divided into two tracks: one is academic education and the other is vocational education. The two tracks are not interconnected or interconnected.
7.b [analysis] The description of the stem reflects the economic function of education.
8.a [analysis] omitted.
9.b [analysis] China's new curriculum reform stipulates that comprehensive courses are the main courses in primary school, junior high school is a combination of sub-subjects and comprehensive courses, and senior high school is a sub-subject.
10.d [analysis] The description of the stem reflects the moral education principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
1 1.b [Analysis] Moral evaluation method is a moral education method that encourages or inhibits students' moral character through positive or negative evaluation and promotes the healthy formation and development of their moral character. It includes reward, punishment, assessment and behavior evaluation.
12.a [analysis] Intentional attention, also known as unintentional attention, is the attention that happens to something with a pre-purpose, which requires will and effort when necessary. Students attend classes with questions on purpose, not on purpose.
13.c [analysis] The process of forgetting is unbalanced, and its trend is first fast and then slow, first more and then less. There is a negative acceleration, and it is almost forgotten to a certain extent.
14.d [analysis] The sorting strategy refers to the deep processing strategy of linking new information with old information in the mind, thus increasing the meaning of new information. It is often described as a strategy to understand memory, and its essence is to establish the connection between information.
15.a [analysis] Group vigilance refers to the way teachers ask questions that encourage students to keep their attention during speeches and discussions.
16.A [Analysis] A choleric person is characterized by being energetic, careless, consistent in appearance, strong and easily emotional. The whole psychological activity is shrouded in rapid and sudden colors. According to Fang Hua's description in the title, Fang Hua's temperament type belongs to bravery.
17.b [analysis] Vygotsky believes that children have two levels of development: one is the current level of children, that is, the development level of children's psychological function formed by a completed development system; The second is the possible level of development, that is, the potential gained through teaching. The difference between these two levels is the nearest development zone. That is to say, the zone of proximal development is the difference between the level that children can solve problems under the guidance of adults and the level that they can solve problems independently with the help of adults, which is actually a transitional state between two adjacent development stages.
18.c [analysis] Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a neurosis characterized by obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The typical performance is that the parties repeatedly do actions they don't want to do, knowing that it is unnecessary, but they just can't control themselves. If he doesn't think so or do so, he will feel extremely anxious. Yang Guo washed his hands repeatedly in the stalk, knowing it was unnecessary, but he just couldn't control himself. This is a typical manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
19.b [analysis] The teacher's expectation effect is also called the Rosenthal effect or pygmalion effect, that is, the teacher's expectation is passed on to the students explicitly or implicitly, which will make the students shape their behavior in the direction expected by the teacher. It emphasizes the influence of teachers' expectations on students, so teachers should give students positive expectations in actual teaching.
20.a [Analysis] In the behaviorist learning theory school, Thorndike's connection-trial-and-error learning theory holds that learning is a gradual, blind and trial-and-error process, so the topic is the viewpoint of the behaviorist school.
2 1.d [Analysis] Teaching efficacy refers to teachers' subjective judgment on their ability to influence students' learning activities and learning results. Teacher Li believes that teaching students well is a subjective judgment of their teaching ability.
Second, the analysis question (this big question has 4 questions in total, 8 points for each small question, a total of 32 points)
22. Reference answer
The statement in the stem is wrong. The factors that affect people's physical and mental development include heredity, environment, education and subjective initiative. These four factors play different roles in people's physical and mental development: heredity is the material premise of people's physical and mental development and provides possibilities for people's physical and mental development. Environment is the external objective condition of human physical and mental development, which enables the development possibility provided by heredity to be realized. School education plays a leading role in human development. Individual's subjective initiative is the driving force of people's physical and mental development and the decisive factor to promote individual development. It is one's subjective initiative, not education, that determines one's physical and mental development. Therefore, the statement in the title is wrong.
23. Reference answer
The statement in the stem is wrong. The current teaching tasks in China include imparting systematic basic scientific knowledge and skills, which is the primary task of teaching; Develop students' intelligence, physical strength and creativity; Cultivate socialist morality and aesthetic taste, and lay the foundation for students' scientific world outlook; Pay attention to students' personality development and other four tasks. Therefore, the task of teaching is to impart knowledge to students, which is wrong.
24. Reference answer
The stem statement is wrong. According to Jaecks-dodson, there is an inverted "U" curve between learning motivation and learning effect. A moderate level of motivation is most conducive to the improvement of learning effect. Moreover, the level of motivation varies with the nature of the task: the easier the task, the higher the level of motivation; The task is difficult and the motivation level is moderate; The more difficult the task, the lower the level of motivation. So, the topic is wrong.
25. Reference answer
The statement in the stem is correct.
Moral character refers to the stable characteristics or tendencies shown by individuals when they act according to certain social moral standards. Students' ideological and moral character consists of four psychological factors: knowledge, emotion, will and action. The formation and development of students' ideological morality is the process of the formation and development of these four psychological factors. The process of moral education is also a process of cultivating four moral and psychological factors and making them develop harmoniously. Knowledge is moral knowledge, emotion is moral emotion, namely moral will, and behavior is moral behavior. Therefore, it is correct to say that the formation of moral character is influenced by emotions.
Iii. Short answer questions (this big question has 4 questions in total, and each small question scores 10, with a total of 40 points)
26. Reference answer
(1) Education must serve socialist modernization, which is the general direction of China's education work.
(2) Education must be combined with productive labor, which is an important part of China's education work.
(3) All-round development of morality, intelligence and physique is an important standard of education and training objectives.
(4) Training builders and successors of socialist cause is the overall training goal of socialist education in China.
27. Reference answer
(1) combination of indirect experience and direct experience
(2) The leading role of teachers is unified with the main role of students.
(3) Mastering knowledge and developing ability are unified.
(4) The combination of knowledge imparting and ideological and moral education.
28. Reference answer
(1) selectivity
(2) Integrity
(3) Understanding
(4) constancy
29. Reference answer
Divergent thinking, also called divergent thinking, is a form of thinking that seeks multiple answers in different directions.
Its main features are three:
(1) fluency
(2) Flexibility
(3) originality
Iv. Material analysis questions (there are 2 questions in this big question, and each small question scores 18, with a total of 36 points)
30. Reference answers
(1) The practice of the class teacher in the material follows the requirements of the principle of moral education, which is worth learning from other teachers, as follows:
① The principle that positive factors overcome negative factors has been achieved. This principle means that in moral education, educators should be good at relying on and developing students' own positive factors, mobilizing students' enthusiasm for self-education and overcoming negative factors. In the materials, the class teacher looks at the underachievers with a split eye, and encourages students to continue to work hard through the aspects that students are good at, so as to change the current situation of not loving learning and not working hard before. Make students study actively and enthusiastically, and their grades have improved a lot.
The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude has been realized, that is, educators should educate students according to their age characteristics, personality differences and the actual situation of ideological and moral development, guide students and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of moral education. The head teacher asked each student to write down what he was good at, and combined with the different characteristics of each student, let the students improve their abilities bit by bit. Keep working hard and finally get a good promotion.
③ The principle of combining students with strict requirements. This principle means that educators should not only respect, trust and love students, but also put forward strict requirements for students, organically combine strictness and love, and urge educators' reasonable requirements to be transformed into students' conscious actions. The class teacher actively trusts and believes that the underachievers can further develop and improve. So write down the advantages and help students change.
(2) First of all, teachers use moral evaluation method to conduct moral education for students. Moral evaluation method refers to encouraging or inhibiting students' moral quality through positive or negative evaluation, thus promoting the formation and development of their moral health. In the materials, the teacher encourages students to actively participate and change their shortcomings by electing "the moon and stars", which embodies this method.
Secondly, the teacher used the moral cultivation method. Moral cultivation means that teachers guide students to consciously study and reflect, so as to realize ideological transformation and behavior control. In the materials, teachers let students find their own strengths, become pacesetters by playing their strengths, and finally drive their weaknesses through their strengths, which is the embodiment of this.
Finally, the teacher also used practical exercises. Practical exercise method refers to the method that teachers guide students to participate in various practical activities and form certain moral quality and behavior habits. In the materials, teachers are more strict and meticulous about students' reaching the standard of "monthly pacesetter", and each student is also formed under the training of teachers. Excellent quality can also reflect this method.
3 1. Reference answer
(1)① explosive and impulsive emotions. Young students are sensitive to all kinds of things, their self-awareness develops rapidly, and their psychological and behavioral self-control ability is weak. Once a certain emotion is aroused, it erupts violently like a volcano, showing strong passion characteristics. Emotional emotions break through the conscious control of reason and vividly reveal their feelings of love, hate, dissatisfaction or fear and despair for external things. In the material, Xiaohui often can't control his emotions well, and his emotions come quickly and become fast. School life, communication with classmates and communication with parents can't reasonably control their emotions, showing an impulsive side, which embodies the explosive and impulsive characteristics of Xiaohui's emotional development.
② Emotional instability and polarity. Although young students' emotions are strong, they fluctuate violently, with obvious polarization and instability, and their emotions can easily turn from one extreme to the other. They have a one-sided view of things and are prone to extreme reactions. Psychologists once compared the emotion of teenagers in this period to "like a pendulum", swinging between the two poles in the process of seeking a balance point, which is mainly related to the cognitive development characteristics of young students in this period. In the material, Xiaohui's emotions come quickly and become fast, which is the embodiment of instability. He is very happy to get good grades, and he is very upset when he encounters a little setback. Extreme and extreme both reflect the bipolar nature of his emotions.
(2) (1) Be keenly aware of emotions. Only when you are aware of your emotions and their real reasons, can you respond appropriately to your emotions in time, and then give your emotions an outlet for transformation. ② Accept the emotional state peacefully; ③ Adjust the emotions correctly; ④ Express the emotions effectively, and learn to express and vent the emotions correctly. ⑤ To maintain and create a happy mood, the effective ways to control the mood include: catharsis: it means to fully express people's emotional experience through certain ways and means. Such as relaxation training, qigong, yoga, etc. Transfer: it is a self-regulating method, which subjectively tries to shift attention from negative or bad emotional state to other things; Regulating cognitive function: mainly using Alice ABC reasonable emotional therapy to change cognition reasonably. Re-interpret your habitual way of thinking, see different angles of the problem, and understand yourself and others from a broader perspective; Positive self-suggestion: refers to the method of adjusting and controlling emotions in an implicit way by using internal language or written language.