1. Education is the understanding and organic unity of knowledge. Piaget believes that all knowledge, from the mechanism of action, is the unity of assimilation and hue; From the analysis of structural mechanism, it is the unity of internalization and externalization of subject cognitive structure. Operation is an element of cognitive structure, and all operations are linked together to form a whole structure.

2. Understanding is a dialectical process. Piaget introduced psychological achievements into epistemology and put forward the theory of activity intermediary, the theory of interaction between subject and object and the theory of two-way construction of cognitive activities, which revealed the dialectical movement law of cognitive formation, enriched the content of the original epistemology, changed the structure and system of the whole epistemology and promoted the development of scientific epistemology.

3. The development direction of epistemology should be diversified and multidimensional.

Piaget expounded the internal foundation of the infinite development of cognition by reflective abstraction and self-regulation, which broke through the defect that modern epistemology only studies the synchronic transformation of cognitive structure and cognitive content, and deepened the static analysis of cognition by traditional epistemology into dynamic research, thus explaining the law of cognitive development more comprehensively.

Extended data

Piaget divided children's cognitive development into the following four stages:

1, perceptual operation stage

At this stage, children's main cognitive structure is perceptual movement schema, which can be used by children to coordinate perceptual input and action response, thus relying on action to adapt to the environment. Through this stage, children gradually develop from an individual with reflective behavior to a problem solver with a preliminary understanding of the daily life environment.

2. Pre-operation stage

Children internalize perceptual actions into representations, establish symbolic functions, and think with psychological symbols (mainly representations), which makes a qualitative leap in thinking.

3, the specific operation stage

At this stage, children's cognitive structure has developed from the representation schema in the previous operation stage to the operation schema. The characteristics of concrete operational thinking are conservation, self-centeredness and reversibility. Piaget believes that the psychological operation in this period focuses on abstract concepts and is operational (logical), but the thinking activities need the support of specific content.

4. Formal operation stage

During this period, children's thinking developed to the level of abstract logical reasoning. The form of thinking gets rid of the content of thinking, and children in the stage of formal operation can get rid of the influence of reality, pay attention to hypothetical propositions and reflect on hypothetical propositions logically and creatively. At the same time, children can make hypothetical-deductive reasoning. ?

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